COD阻力曲线的单试样三曲线分析法

在三曲线分析的基础上,提出了一种新的单试样测定 COD 阻力曲线的方法和步骤,编制了计算机应用程序。用三曲线法测定了 C—Mn 钢,Cr-Mo 钢和一种焊缝金属的 COD 阻力曲线,与标准的多试样法实验结果符合较好。该方法使用方便经济。有推广使用的价值。     

单试样法测金属材料J_R曲线及其条件起裂值

在单试样卸载柔度法及三曲线法基础上 ,提出了一种更简便的测定金属材料 JR曲线及其条件起裂值的单试样三点柔度法 ,并用该方法测定了 1 Cr1 / 2 Mo钢、1 6Mn R钢和 WCF62钢的 JR曲线及其条件起裂值 ,与标准的多试样法相比 ,误差均在工程许可范围内     

单试样法测金属材料JR曲线及其条件起裂值

在单试样卸载柔度法及三曲线法基础上,提出了一种更简便的测定金属材料JR曲线及其条件起裂值的单试样三点柔度法,并用该方法测定了1Cr1/2Mo钢、16MnR钢和WCF62钢的JR曲线及其条件起裂值,与标准的多试样法相比,误差均在工程许可范围内。     

用双悬臂梁（DCB）试样测定JR曲线的实验方法

本文首先建立了双悬臂梁(DCB)试样的 J 积分和加载点位移Δ的半解析解,然后提出了一种利用 CDB 试样测定材料.J_R 阻力曲线的单试样方法,并对40Cr 钢材进行了实际测试.结果表明,该方法不仅简单易行、结果可靠,而且获得的材料 J_R 曲线的Δα范围较宽.     

韧性材料J_R阻力曲线受试样尺寸因素影响的实验研究

本文应用不同尺寸的三点弯曲试样和带边侧槽试样,用实验方法研究了启裂J积分(J_(1C))和J_R阻力曲线的斜率(dJ/da)受试样尺寸的影响。结果表明,在满足GB2038-80所规定的试样尺寸要求的条件下,J_(1C)值受试样尺寸影响不大,但DJ/da值受试样尺寸影响较大。因此,在应用以J_R曲线理论为基础的裂纹扩展稳定性评定方法时,如撕裂模量理论及EPRI方法,要应用较大尺寸试样或带侧槽试样来测定J_R阻力曲线。     

表面疲劳裂纹扩展性能曲线测试的小样本方法

提出了一种测试表面疲劳裂纹扩展性能曲线的小样本方法,该方法可以综合利用以往的经验数据和当前试验数据劳裂纹扩展性能曲线。与传统的只能利用当前试验数据确定表面疲劳裂纹扩展性能曲线相比,其可利用的信息量有了大幅度增加,所以,在精神相同的民政部下,可以节省大量试件;而且在试样数一定的情况下又可大大提高预测精度。文中还给出了一个试验对比实例。     

一种基于DIC测量单边缺口拉伸试件CTOD阻力曲线的简便方法

针对测量单边缺口拉伸(SENT)试样的裂纹尖端张口位移(CTOD)阻力曲线时,延性裂纹扩展量的计算过于复杂的问题,提出了一种由数字图像相关技术(DIC)计算的变形场来确定裂纹尖端位置,并快速推算延性裂纹扩展量的方法。该方法首先在缺口和裂纹上下方的弹性区域设置两条平行横线;然后通过两条横线间的位移差构建曲线,曲线变化幅度的临界点即为裂纹端部的位置;根据临界点位置计算裂纹扩展量,最后测量CTOD并构建阻力曲线。将本文方法与另一种通过DIC测量SENT试样CTOD阻力曲线的方法进行对比,结果表明本文方法经过简便的计算后拟合的阻力曲线效果更好。     

Ⅲ型扩展裂纹的JR曲线及其应用

1、引言在各种工程结构的韧性断裂分析中,J_R曲线在预测裂纹扩展失稳点及确定材料的抗断裂性能等方面起了十分重要的作用.然而,确定材料的J_R曲线通常要求进行大量细致的试验工作,耗资费时.为了有效地确定J_R曲线,在对裂纹尖端场的渐近分析取得进展的     

试样尺寸对有限裂纹扩展的J_R阻力曲线的影响

作者将两种强度级别的18CrNiW 钢:σ_(0.2)=60.4kgf/mm~2(L 钢)和σ_(0.2)=83.6kgf/mm~2(H 钢),制成厚度从10mm 到95mm,共11种尺寸的三点弯曲试样,采用多试样法,在有限裂纹扩展(△α≤2.5%B 及≤5%b)条件下,测定了材料的J 积分阻力曲线.其中H 钢50×100mm 的大试样已接近K_(1c)的尺寸要求,所测得的K_(1c)约为470kgf·mm~(-3/2).试验表明,当试样尺寸满足了J 判据有效性条件时,对试验材料B,b≥50(J_(0.05)/σ_(0.2)),J_R 阻力曲线对试样尺寸不敏感.因此,J_R 阻力曲线可以用来表征材料裂纹稳定扩展阻力特性.本试验测得L 钢的J_(0.05)=9.4kgf/mm,dJ/dα=27kgf/mm~2;H 钢的J_(0.05)=7.3kgf/mm,dJ/dα=16kgf/mm~2.对于H 钢裂纹扩展量0.2mm 的J_R 值,即J_(0.2)(=9.7kgf/mm,由此换算的K_R 值=473kgf·mm~(-3/2))与大试样的K_(1c)值有很好的对应关系.     

对材料试验机负荷-夹头位移曲线的剖析

本文剖析了材料试验机自动绘图设备所绘出的负荷-夹头位移曲线.指出在楔形夹头中,夹头对试样的啮合变形所引起的夹头位移,在夹头总位移中占有不可忽视的比重.其随负荷增加的变化规律及其在负荷-夹头位移曲线各阶段中的比重是不同的.     

Analysis of dynamic stress intensity factors of three-point bend specimen containing crack

A new formula is obtained to calculate dynamic stress intensity factors of the three-point bending specimen containing a single edge crack in this study. Firstly, the weight function for three-point bending specimen containing a single edge crack is derived from a general weight function form and two reference stress intensity factors, the coefficients of the weight function are given. Secondly, the history and distribution of dynamic stresses in uncracked three-point bending specimen are derived based on the vibration theory. Finally, the dynamic stress intensity factors equations for three-pointing specimen with a single edge crack subjected to impact loadings are obtained by the weight function method. The obtained formula is verified by the comparison with the numerical results of the finite element method (FEM). Good agreements have been achieved. The law of dynamic stress intensity factors of the three-point bending specimen under impact loadings varing with crack depths and loading rates is studied.     

Analysis of dynamic stress intensity factors of three-point bend specimen containing crack

A new formula is obtained to calculate dynamic stress intensity factors of the three-point bending specimen containing a single edge crack in this study. Firstly, the weight function for three-point bending specimen containing a single edge crack is derived from a general weight function form and two reference stress intensity factors, the coefficients of the weight function are given. Secondly, the history and distribution of dynamic stresses in uncracked three-point bending specimen are derived based on the vibration theory. Finally, the dynamic stress intensity factors equations for three-pointing specimen with a single edge crack subjected to impact loadings are obtained by the weight function method. The obtained formula is verified by the comparison with the numerical results of the finite element method (FEM). Good agreements have been achieved. The law of dynamic stress intensity factors of the three-point bending specimen under impact loadings varing with crack depths and loading rates is studied.     

热辐射应力图像分析确定裂纹尖端塑性区

本文借助于热辐应力图像分析技术记录了铝质紧养伤拉伸试件的热辐射应力图像。根据裂尖周围温度变化曲线的分布规律确定其特征区的,从而得以裂尖塑性区的开头曲线,并与理论值比较,符合良好。对裂纹扩展面进行ＳＥＭ分析,得出该试件的断裂特性,对于进行细观损伤研究有重要的意义。     

Stress intensity factor determination error by the method of caustics

The caustics created at a crack tip under biaxial loading are examined using both the closed form and the approximate solution. Particular attention is given to the caustics and their initial curves created by rays reflected from the rear and front surfaces of the specimen in addition to those in the transverse direction of the cracked specimen. These quantities can differ by more than 30% depending on whether the exact or the approximate solution is used for determining the stress intensity factors which can deviate as much as 80%. The crack length also affects the outcome. Larger errors are committed by the approximate solution for caustics that are closer to the crack tip. The advantage of using the normalized distance from the crack tip is discussed in contrast to using the absolute distance. Incorrect experimental measurements are also discussed in relation to the resulting error for evaluating the crack tip stress intensity factor.     

The effect of crack size and specimen size on the relation between the Paris and Wöhler curves

Paris and Wöhler’s fatigue curves are intimately connected by the physics of the process of fatigue crack growth. However, their connections are not obvious due to the appearance of anomalous specimen-size and crack-size effects. In this study, considering the equations for a notched specimen (or for a specimen where failure is the result of the propagation of a main crack) and the assumption of incomplete self-similarity on the specimen size, the relations between the size-scale effects observed in the Paris and Wöhler’s diagrams are explained. In the second part of the work, the behaviour of physically short cracks is addressed and, considering a fractal model for fatigue crack growth, the crack-size effects on the Paris and Wöhler’s curves are discussed.     

Effect of stress ratio and specimen thickness on fatigue crack growth of CK45 steel

Presented are the effect of stress ratio and thickness on the fatigue crack growth rate of CK45 steel according to DIN 17200. Test results are obtained for constant amplitude load in tension with three stress ratios of R=0, 0.2 and 0.4 and three specimen thicknesses of B=6, 12 and 24 mm. Microgauge crack opening values were used to calculate ΔK_eff values from which the da/dN − ΔK_eff curves are obtained. Crack closure can be applied to explain the influence of mean stress and specimen thickness on the fatigue crack growth rate in the second regime of the two-parameter crack growth rate relation. An empirical model is chosen for calculating the normalized load ratio parameter U as a function of R, B and ΔK and, for correlating the test data.     

In-Situ SEM J-Testing and Crack-Tip Micromechanics of Zircaloy-4 by Three-Point Bending

A three-point bend fixture has been designed, fabricated, and utilized to demonstrate the feasibility of performing in-situ J-testing at ambient and elevated temperatures inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Using the three-point bend test technique, in-situ SEM J-testing has been performed to measure the crack mouth opening displacement and crack extension as a function of the applied load in order to generate J-R curves for Zircaloy-4 at 25°C and 316°C. Once the J-R curve is determined, an equivalent K_J-resistance (K_J-R) curve is computed on the basis of a relationship between the J-integral (J) and the stress intensity factor (K). The J-R and K_J-R curves of Zircaloy-4 exhibit a rising R-curve behavior, while the elastic K-R curve underestimates the fracture resistance of Zircaloy-4 once substantial crack extension has occurred. For the specimen dimensions considered, the J-R curves generated by in-situ SEM J-tests are not sensitive to the specimen geometry and measure the actual fracture resistance of the material. Furthermore, the onset of crack extension is dictated by the emission of one or more slipbands from the crack tip, and a change in the crack-tip displacement field, followed by void formation along the slipband, and linkage of the voids with the main crack.     

INVESTIGATION ON COMPLIANCE ROTATION CORRECTION FOR COMPACT TENSILE SPECIMEN IN UNLOADING COMPLIANCE METHOD

The rotation correction method of unloading compliance for a compact tensile (CT) specimen in the current Jintegral resistance curves or critical Jintegral test standards was under suspicion by tracing to its source, and a new rotation correction method was proposed. The rotation center of the specimen is close to the crack tip, and the material constitutive relationship has little effect on the rotational radius R. If the formula for rotation correction recommended in current standards is used to measure the crack length of CT specimen, it will lead to larger error. A new formula with better accuracy for the crack length measurement of the CT specimen was presented.     

CTS试样I/II混合型断裂特性数值计算研究

采用CTS试样研究I/II混合型断裂特性计算裂纹前缘应力强度因子时可采用解析公式,一旦裂纹发生扩展,解析公式便不再适用。文中采用有限元法研究紧凑拉伸剪切（CTS）试样在I/II平面混合型加载下的裂纹扩展行为。采用ANSYS建立CTS试样I/II混合型测试系统有限元模型,为模拟真实受力状态,在CTS试样-销-扇型夹具以及扇型夹具-销-U型夹具之间分别建立接触对进行接触力学分析。通过与解析公式结果进行对比验证了该数值方法的可靠性。采用最大环向应力准则（MTS）,模拟了CTS试样不同加载角度下的裂纹扩展路径,获得了裂纹扩展路径中应力强度因子随裂纹长度的变化曲线,解释了裂纹扩展路径不与外载荷方向垂直的原因。结合文中计算结果,在CTS试样I/II混合型裂纹扩展速率实验测得裂纹长度与寿命的关系曲线a-N的基础上,便可得到材料I/II型混合型裂纹扩展速率曲线。