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金属丝电爆炸包含丰富的物理内容,近年来国内的实验和理论研究取得了重要进展,理解该过程有助于完善Z箍缩及磁加载等离子体动力学过程的物理建模,校验物性参数。在自相似运动假设条件下,发展了冷启动计算的水中电爆炸丝零维动力学模型。从一维磁流体模型出发,推导了描述丝等离子体膨胀的零维动能方程和内能方程,采用实际气体状态方程和修正的李-莫尔电导率参数作为封闭条件,根据质量守恒及水中激波雨贡纽关系式获得了丝等离子体的边界条件。应用于水中铜丝电爆炸动力学过程和能量转化分析,结果表明:该零维模型的物理假设合理,在一定范围内改变丝直径等参数可产生不同的放电模式,与一维模型及实验结果符合较好,能够为同类实验的优化设计和数据分析提供参考。 相似文献
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耦合了非饱和多孔多相介质有限元模型和颗粒介质离散元(DEM)模型,提出了以宏、细观尺度分别耦合Biot-Cosserat连续体模型和离散颗粒集合体模型的连接尺度方法来分析非饱和含液颗粒材料的力学渗流耦合问题。根据被动空气压力假定和对空间离散孔隙水质量守恒方程的约化,从非饱和土有限元控制方程的基本未知量中消去了孔隙水压力,而将其取作有限元积分点上定义取值的内状态变量,进而建立了节点未知量仅包含固相线位移和转角的非饱和Cosserat多孔连续体约化有限元数值模型。基于连接尺度方法(BSM)宏、细观尺度数值过程的解耦计算的特点,对宏、细观两尺度数值模型的时域积分分别采用隐式Newmark方法和显式中心差分法,且取不同时间步长以提高计算效率。与全域采用DEM的精细分析方法相比,本文BSM在保证计算精度的前提下可大幅节省计算时间。在不考虑湿化效应的边坡稳定算例中,在得到类似计算精度条件下它比全域采用DEM节省计算时间高达86.65%。二维边坡稳定算例结果验证了本文连接尺度方法的有效性,以及在揭示含液颗粒结构细观破坏机理上的优点。数值算例结果显示,边坡承载能力因降雨大幅下降约50%,这表明本文发展的计及伴随湿化过程的颗粒材料结构中饱和度及吸力分布演变及其对结构破坏失效影响的非饱和颗粒材料多尺度计算模型是很有必要的。 相似文献
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基于微态(Micromorphic) 连续介质理论,提出了针对类石墨烯二维原子晶体的新力学模型. 该模型以有限大小的布拉维单胞为基元体,考虑基元粒子的宏观位移和微观变形,依据微态理论基本方程,推导了全局坐标系下模型的主导方程. 然后针对布拉维单胞中含有两个原子的类石墨烯晶体,通过分析单胞中声子振动模式与基元体自由度的关系,获得了微态形式下声子色散关系的久期方程,并根据二维晶体声子色散特性对久期方程进行了简化,进而确定了类石墨烯晶体模型的本构方程. 最后,以石墨烯和单层六方氮化硼为例,利用简化的表达式拟合了它们面内声子色散关系数据,计算了模型材料的常数,石墨烯模型的等效杨氏模量、泊松比分别为1.05 TPa 和0.197,氮化硼分别为0.766 TPa 和0.225,均与已有的实验值相符合. 相似文献
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二级控制的意思是在自然设计变量和有限元网格节点之间加入设计单元,建立自然设计变量控制关键点坐标,关键点控制有限元网格节点,共两层控制关系.后一层控制关系借助有限元形函数描述设计单元,并引入相应的参数坐标,从而实现敏度分析、结构形状变化的控制和网格的变动控制.本文使用二级控制理论有效地解决了二维连续体结构形状优化的一些困难,将形状优化问题处理成序列二次规划问题求解.使用MSC/PCL语言在MSC/Patran&Nasntran平台上实现了优化模块的二次开发.本文设计思路的可行性和程序的有效性通过若干算例得到证实. 相似文献
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通过解析和数值的方法研究了二维微裂纹体有效模量和有效导电系数之间的关联,针对二维含有任意取向和平行的微裂纹介质,通过基于象素的有限元方法分别计算了它们的有效杨氏模量和有效导电系数,并建立了两种不同物理量之间的关联.研究结果表明利用简单的解析Mori-Tanaka方法也可以建立上述关联,并且与数值结果吻合很好。 相似文献
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表面接触是摩擦的先决条件,其真实接触面积、压应力大小、空间分布等一直是接触力学关注的核心问题.采用分子动力学-格林函数法(GFMD)模拟粗糙面的接触过程,验证了其在大规模接触分析中的高效及准确性,同时探讨了由微球体组成的粗糙面的接触力学特性,并分析了分子尺度下的结果和传统力学模型计算结果的差异.结果表明,单个微凸体接触结果和分子动力学-格林函数法模拟所得非常接近,误差在5%以内.数值模拟发现,在微凸体高度符合高斯分布的情况下,接触面积和接触力成线性关系;在相同接触面积下,微凸体模型得出的接触力偏高,是上限值.微凸体模型没有考虑微凸体间的相互影响,实际是高估了弹性体的刚度;实际接触过程中微凸体相互影响,微凸体对临域形变影响尤其大,使接触区域更加离散.GFMD模型可以准确计算数十亿量级别分子、原子接触过程中真实接触面积及分布,为后续摩擦、滑移等分析提供可靠的参考. 相似文献
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凝聚态物质计算和模拟中使用的相互作用势 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
原子间相互作用势是凝聚态物质在原子尺度上进行计算机模拟的基础, 特别是用分子动力学和Monte Carlo方法对凝聚态物质的性质和过程进行模拟时, 合适的原子间相互作用势是得到有意义的结果的前提和条件. 可依据不同类型的相互作用如共价键、离子键、金属键和Van der Waals力等构建不同类型的原子间相互作用势,而且同一类型的相互作用也因所处理的性质或过程(如体积、表面、团簇、缺陷等)不同所采用的形式也不相同, 这样就构建了大量的各种形式的原子间相互作用势.本文对凝聚态的计算机模拟中常用的原子间相互作用势进行分类介绍和简要的评述. 相似文献
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R. Segev 《Journal of Elasticity》2001,63(1):55-59
The Cauchy postulates are required for the formulation and proof of Cauchy's theorem for the existence of stress. The generalized postulates and theorem in the geometric setting of differentiable manifolds was considered in a previous paper. This note presents an inconsistency in one of the proposed postulates, the boundedness postulate, and corrects it by specifying a weaker requirement. 相似文献
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A generalization of the Cauchy theory of forces and stresses to the geometry of differentiable manifolds is presented using the language of differential forms. Body forces and surface forces are defined in terms of the power densities they produce when acting on generalized velocity fields. The normal to the boundary is replaced by the tangent space equipped with the outer orientation induced by outward pointing vectors. Assuming that the dimension of the material manifold is m, stresses are modelled as m − 1 covector valued forms. Cauchy's formula is replaced by the restriction of the stress form to the tangent space of the boundary while the outer orientation of the tangent space is taken into account. The special cases of volume manifolds and Riemannian manifolds are discussed. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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戴天民 《应用数学和力学(英文版)》2001,22(2):127-134
IntroductionContinuummechanicsisnotonlyanoldandbutalsoayoungscientificdiscipline.Itconsistsofsomefundamentallaws,whicharevalidforallbodiesirrespectiveoftheirshapes,constitutionsandconstitutiverelations,whichmustreflectthenatureofthematerialandtheconsti… 相似文献
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The stored energy functional of a homogeneous isotropic elastic body is invariant with respect to translation and rotation
of a reference configuration. One can use Noether's Theorem to derive the conservation laws corresponding to these invariant
transformations. These conservation laws provide an alternative way of formulating the system of equations governing equilibrium
of a homogeneous isotropic body. The resulting system is mathematically identical to the system of equilibrium equations and
constitutive relations, generally, of another material. This implies that each solution of the system of equilibrium equations
gives rise to another solution, which describes the reciprocal deformation and solves the system of equilibrium equations
of another material. In this paper we derive conservation laws and prove the theorem on conjugate solutions for two models
of elastic homogeneous isotropic bodies – the model of a simple material and the model of a material with couple stress (Cosserat
continuum).
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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This paper develops a three-dimensional framework for the evolution of planar cracks, concentrating on the derivation of balances
and constitutive equations that describe the motion of the crack tip. The theory is based on the notion of configurational
forces in conjunction with a mechanical version of the second law.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《ZAMM - Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics / Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik》2018,98(1):31-68
This is a second exegetic essay on the fundamental review article DIE ALLGEMEINEN ANSÄTZE DER MECHANIK DER KONTINUA in the Encyklopädie der mathematischen Wissenschaften mit Einschluss ihrer Anwendungen, Bd. IV‐4, Hft. 5 (1913) by Ernst Hellinger which concerns the translation and the commentary of pp. 629–662. Within these pages, the setting of the basic constitutive equations for field theories, whose formulations are based on the principle of virtual work or on the principle of stationary action, are discussed. The interest for a contemporary reader for the herein presented subject is still substantial, as this article clearly contains some considerations and visions being still topical. However, there is also an epistemological interest in examining it from the point of view of a historian of science. Indeed, it represents an available but forgotten source of an important piece of mechanical sciences. Available, because it is still present in our libraries in its complete form, but forgotten because, being written in German by a Jewish refugee escaped to the United States, has been ignored by the main stream of the dominant groups in continuum mechanics. The ideas by Hellinger and the German school of continuum mechanics (remark that this school includes, as we have discovered reading this article, even Gauss himself!) were lost or dramatically deformed in translation. We believe that the destiny of Hellinger's paper is an evidence supporting Lucio Russo's view about history of science. Our aim is to trace the origins of current ideas of mechanical sciences to their original sources. 相似文献
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E.A. Ivanova A.M. Krivtsov P.A. Zhilin 《ZAMM - Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics / Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik》2007,87(2):139-149
In majority of publications the spectrum of diatomic molecules in far infrared spectral area is described as a purely quantum phenomenon, and the spectrum in near infrared spectral area is described by means of using a semi‐classical approach. In our work an attempt to describe the both spectra from mechanical point of view is presented. The approach is based on accounting of the inertia properties of an interatomic bond. In such approach a potential of interaction between atoms in a molecule is defined by a set of partial differential equations. Good agreement with known experimental data in far infrared spectral area and a qualitative explanation of a thin structure of a resonant peak in the near infrared spectral area is obtained. 相似文献
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Variational principles of nonlinear piezothermoelastic media 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Through the phenomenological approach, the nonlinear constitutive equations coupling the electro/magnetic thermoelastic media
are derived. Several nonlinear variational principles for piezothermoelastic continua are presented and employed to formulate
the incremental variational principles which are of important significance in practical applications such as the nonlinear
finite element analysis, the buckling, postbuckling and dynamic stability analyses of piezoelectric smart structures.
The work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation, the Doctoral Education Foundation and the Aerospace Foundation. 相似文献