一种疲劳缺口系数计算新方法

针对Mod.9Cr-1Mo铁素体钢锐缺口件进行了一系列非比例载荷低周疲劳试验,采用直流电位差法测量裂纹萌生寿命,比较了非比例路径对疲劳裂纹萌生寿命的影响。结果表明:缺口件裂纹萌生寿命占总寿命的比例与非比例路径直接相关;随着非比例度增加,裂纹萌生寿命所占比例增加。采用Neuber律和Peterson模型进行缺口局部应力应变损伤的计算,结合Smith-WatsonTopper(SWT)模型进行疲劳寿命预测。采用Neuber律并结合SWT模型预测的结果与实际结果相比普遍偏低,采用Peterson模型预测的结果与实际结果相比偏高,与本文结果相比预测结果较高。基于应变路径非比例度的概念,针对Peterson模型进行修正,提出了一种新的疲劳缺口系数计算方法,结合SWT模型进行了疲劳寿命预测。结果表明,该方法改善了非比例路径下的疲劳寿命预测结果,大部分预测结果位于2倍分散带内。     

弹塑性状态下Neuber疲劳公式应用的局限性分析

本文应用弹塑性有限元计算技术结果,分析了目前疲劳寿命计算中常用的局部应力一应变法之一的Neuber 公式应用的局限性.文章指出:随着构件应力集中部位塑性区的扩大,Neuber 公式计算的结果误差 也随之扩大.因此,Neuber 公式只适合于小塑性区状态.     

基于修正的局部应力应变法估算连接件疲劳寿命

飞机机体结构疲劳裂纹的萌生与扩展几乎都发生在紧固件连接处,预测结构连接件的疲劳寿命具有重要意义.为了准确计算连接件疲劳寿命,提出了一种修正的局部应力应变法,该方法首先采用应力严重系数法和修正Neuber法分析连接件高应力区的应力、应变,然后利用Manson-Coffin方程计算疲劳寿命,此外考虑到在中、高周疲劳里表面加工和尺寸因素的影响是不能忽略的,对应变-寿命曲线的弹性段作了修正以使其同时适用于高、低周疲劳寿命的估算.以搭接件为算例进行疲劳寿命计算,并使用MTS Landmark试验机对搭接件进行疲劳试验.结果表明,采用此方法估算的连接件疲劳寿命与试验结果相比误差小于16％,证明了此方法的有效性.     

镍基单晶合金非对称循环载荷低周疲劳实验研究与寿命预测

对三种不同晶体取向的DD3单晶合金试样在680℃温度下进行非对称循低周疲劳试验,表明晶体取向对疲劳寿命有显著影响.用取向函数修正总应变范围可在很大程度上消除晶体取向对疲劳寿命的影响,引入参量k表示非对称循环载荷对疲劳寿命的影响,它与循环寿命之间呈幂函数关系.根据影响单晶合金低周疲劳寿命的主要因素,提出由总应变范围、取向函数和参量k构成循环塑性应变能的计算方法。用塑性应变能作为损伤参量导出单晶合金低周疲劳寿命预测模型,利用DD3单晶合金低周疲劳试验数据进行验证,光滑试样和缺口试样试验数据分别落在2.6倍和2倍的偏差分布带内.     

关于Neuber方程的理论研究

关于Ｎｅｕｂｅｒ方程的理论研究叶笃毅，王德俊（东北大学机械工程学院沈阳１１０００６）在工程结构中疲劳破坏总是从应力集中部位（如缺口根部）开始，因此，研究缺口处的局部应力和应变分布是缺口件疲劳分析的关键。在描述缺口根部局部非线性应力和应变分布的方法中，...     

FATIGUE PROPERTY BASED ON NOTCHED SPECIMEN TESTS

缺口件疲劳问题的研究日益引起各国学者的重视. 局部应力-应变法以其简单性在工程中得到了广泛应用, 该方法通常会得到偏于安全的结果. 引入疲劳缺口因子代替弹性应力集中因子针对缺口疲劳进行研究, 仍未能从本质上改善预测结果的准确性. 考虑到"热点应力" 附近的相对应力梯度, 提出了应力梯度法研究缺口件疲劳问题, 这一概念亦被用于应力场强度方法中, 如何准确确定损伤区域是应力场强度方法需要解决的问题. 临界距离理论可将Neuber 律、Peterson 方法及应力场强度方法进行有效统一, 同时有限元方法的发展进一步支持了该理论. 目前, 该方法在高周疲劳研究中取得了较好的效果, 但对低周疲劳寿命预测的有效性仍需进一步的验证.     

基于体积法的缺口件多轴疲劳寿命预测

针对Mod.9Cr-1Mo钢不同缺口半径下的多轴疲劳试验结果进行模拟计算,采用体积法进行疲劳寿命预测,并与等效应变法的预测结果进行了对比。模拟结果表明,各路径下缺口根部应力集中程度随缺口半径减小而更为明显,最大应力集中程度达3.45。等效应变法给出的疲劳寿命预测结果随着缺口半径的减小而偏于保守,保守量高达90倍。为克服等效应变法给出的偏于保守的结果,基于剪应力随距缺口根部距离的变化趋势进行有效距离的计算,采用体积法进行寿命预测,94.1%的预测结果位于2倍分散带内。     

缺口件多轴疲劳寿命预估新方法

局部应力应变法(LSSM)以危险点处的局部应力应变历程进行寿命评价，忽略了非比例附加强化及缺口附近应力梯度对疲劳损伤的影响.论文通过分析裂纹萌生面(临界面)上剪应力和正应力分布状态，提出一种计算缺口件多轴疲劳损伤影响区的数学计算方法，建立考虑法向正/剪应力梯度与非比例附加强化效应的寿命预估模型.首先，基于能量法和临界面理论，借助坐标变换原理将应变能密度最大的材料平面定义为临界面，建立确定裂纹萌生方向的计算方法.其次，以临界面上特定路径为积分方向，将缺口件三维问题转化为线性问题，简化计算过程.综合考虑峰值应力和等效应力场强对多轴疲劳寿命的贡献度，建立表征缺口件多轴疲劳损伤演化过程的损伤参量.最后，通过TC4合金和Q345钢多轴疲劳试验验证论文模型的可行性和精确度，并与LSSM法、FS模型、SWT模型进行对比分析.     

一种计算疲劳寿命的新方法——Neuber局部应力-应变分析法

引言传统的疲劳寿命计算方法是根据构件的名义应力历史和构件的S-N曲线计算寿命。这种方法需要做构件的S-N曲线,且不能考虑构件应力集中部位的真实应力-应变状况。1961年,Neuber提出一个在局部屈服之下计算缺口应力-应变响应的半经验公式,后来这个公式用到疲 ...     

相对Miner法则和局部应力应变法结合预测复杂载荷下构件的疲劳寿命

本文把相对Miner法则和局部应力应变法相结合,用于FALSTAFF战斗机疲劳载荷标准谱作用下两种构件疲劳裂纹形成寿命预测,并与疲劳试验结果进行比较,发现有限元法比改进的Neuber法能获得更准确的寿命预测.而相对Miner法则和局部应力应变分析相结合,较之传统的Miner法则,将能大大地提高寿命预测的准确度.     

Plastic stress-strain history at notch roots in tensile strips under monotonic loading

Various authors have proposed analytic relations for predicting the plastic behavior at the root of a notch. Among these are relations by Neuber and by Hardrath and Ohman, the latter having generalized on earlier work by Stowell. These methods have had limited experimental confirmation and it was the objective of the investigation reported herein to assess the predictive value of each of the two theories by comparison with test data on externally notched tensile specimens, monotonically loaded to large strains. Since maximum notch-root strain and net-section stress are the only parameters which can be directly measured in a test, theoretical predictions of these same parameters were developed. This was done using a piece-wise analytical representation of the stress-strain curve. Computer programs were developed for analyzing the stress-strain data and for computing the theoretical results. A comparison of theory with tests on flat, notched specimens of AISI 4340 steel, heat treated, with initial elastic concentration factors of 1.5 to 2.0 showed a systematic discrepancy which is attributed in part to notch strengthening due to triaxial stress. The discrepancy is of the order of 5 percent for the Neuber theory and larger for the Hardrath-Ohman theory for notch strains less than of 0.015 in./in. and becomes progressively larger for both theories at notch strains in excess of 0.015 in./in. For the mild notches studied here, the Neuber theory has better predictive value.     

试样疲劳性能尺度效应的概率控制体积方法

试样尺度、缺口和加载方式通常对材料的疲劳性能具有重要影响. 因此,发展关联试样尺度、缺口和加载方式对疲劳强度影响的方法对于从材料疲劳性能到结构件疲劳性能的预测具有重要意义.首先,采用旋转弯曲加载和轴向加载方式对不同几何形状EA4T车轴钢试样进行了疲劳实验.实验结果表明, 由于试样尺度的增加,轴向加载下狗骨形试样的疲劳强度明显低于沙漏形试样; 相同寿命下,缺口显著降低试样的疲劳强度. 疲劳断口扫描电镜观测结果表明,疲劳裂纹均起源于试样表面.沙漏形试样和狗骨形试样疲劳断口大多只有一个裂纹源,而缺口试样疲劳断口均具有多裂纹源特征. 然后,采用概率控制体积方法研究了试样尺度、缺口和加载方式对疲劳强度的影响,并与临界距离和应变能密度方法进行了比较. 结果表明,概率控制体积方法能够更好地关联试样尺度、缺口和加载方式对EA4T车轴钢疲劳强度的影响.最后, 提出一种基于控制体积的结构件疲劳强度预测方法,并用于具有不连续高应力区域车轴钢试样的疲劳强度预测,预测结果与实验结果 吻合.      

基于TCD理论的缺口试样疲劳强度尺寸系数计算

为了建立疲劳强度尺寸系数计算公式,基于TCD理论对缺口试件的疲劳强度进行了研究．引入与材料疲劳强度以及疲劳裂纹扩展应力强度因子门槛值相关的临界距离,建立了试样缺口根部的应力幅函数．利用有限元计算结果对应力幅函数的参数进行拟合,并由此建立了缺口件的疲劳强度尺寸系数计算公式．最后,基于该方法针对两种材料(Q235和45#)以及不同缺口形状（U型和半圆型）分别进行了实例计算,所得结果与实验数据较为吻合．     

缺口件疲劳寿命分布预测的有效应力法

本文提出了一种由光滑件疲劳寿命试验数据预测缺口件疲劳寿命分布的有效应力法。该方法中缺口件的裂纹可能萌生表面被分解成一个个微元,整个表面可看成是这些微元组成的一个串联模型,按照串联概率失效模型,缺口件的疲劳强度失效概率就可以由各微元的疲劳强度失效概率计算得到,其中微元的疲劳强度失效概率是由光滑件的疲劳强度失效概率通过最弱环节理论计算得到的。在缺口件的疲劳强度失效概率表达式中,引入了有效应力的概念,用它查取光滑件的疲劳寿命试验数据就可以直接得到缺口件的疲劳寿命分布。该方法可以同时考虑到应力梯度和试件尺寸对缺口件疲劳寿命分布的影响。进行了材料LY12CZ的带中心孔缺口件的寿命算例分析,预测结果和试验结果吻合良好,表明该方法是有效的。     

Stress redistribution in notched specimens during fatigue cycling

Most materials exhibit a change in stress-strain relationship when subjected to fatigue stresses. In this work, the effect of this change on the stress distribution across the throat of notched-plate specimens of mild steel is examined. Using a set of strain gages, the strain distribution across the specimens was determined under dynamic conditions for various numbers of cycles. Tests of unnotched specimens were used to obtain the cyclic stress-strain properties for corresponding numbers of cycles, and from these data the stress distribution in the notched specimens was determined. Tests in which the strain amplitude at the notch root was held constant revealed a decreasing maximum stress with fatigue cycles. In another series of tests, in which the load amplitude was constant, the maximum stress amplitude was observed to decrease with number of fatigue cycles, despite an increasing strain amplitude. In both types of tests, the stress-concentration factor was observed to decrease with increasing number of fatigue cycles.     

多轴载荷下缺口试件疲劳寿命预测研究

基于临界平面法,在分析光滑薄壁圆管试件疲劳寿命预测模型的基础上,借助有限元应力应变分析,进一步将模型推广应用到了缺口试件的多轴疲劳寿命预测中,并利用坐标变换原理,明确了临界平面及有效循环变量的确定方法.在存在平均应力的情况下,分析了平均应力对疲劳寿命的影响,并对所建模型进行了平均应力修正.     

A new version of the Neuber rule accounting for the influence of the notch opening angle for out-of-plane shear loads

The paper deals with nonlinear stress and strain distributions at the root of sharp and rounded notches with different opening angles under antiplane shear loading and small scale yielding. In order to make an easier comparison with the Neuber rule, the material is thought of as obeying the particular nonlinear law used in the past just by Neuber.By solving the linear differential equation resulting from the use of the hodograph transformation, a new relationship linking linear and nonlinear stress and strain concentrations is found. The relationship is written also in terms of the relevant notch stress intensity factors. In contrast with the Neuber rule, this relationship strictly depends on the notch opening angle. Even when the notch opening angle is zero, it does not match the Neuber Rule, but results in an additional factor 2 which is in agreement with Hult and McClintock’s solution when the notch tip radius tends to zero and the notch becomes a crack.     

A study of cyclic plastic stresses at a notch root

An experimental study is presented for cyclic plastic stresses at notch roots in specimens under constant-amplitude repeated tension and reversed loading. Edge-notched,K _T=2, 2024-T3 aluminum-alloy sheet specimens were cycled until local stress conditions stabilized. Local stress histories were determined by recording local strain histories during cycling and reproducting these histories in simple, unnotched specimens. The fatigue lives for these notched specimens were estimated using stabilized local stresses and an alternating vs. mean stress diagram for unnotched specimens of the same material. These predictions compared favorably with lives from S-N data for the notch configuration tested. In addition, an expression is presented for calculating local first-cycle plastic stresses. An acceptable correlation is shown between predicted stresses and experimental data within the scope of the investigation.