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1.
本文介绍了进行三维应力分析的全息光弹性方法及有关技术,分析了全息光弹性方法的主要困难在于冻结材料的应力光学常数比B/A接近-0.5,并提供了一种新的光弹性材料制作和冻结工艺。这种材料冻结时的应力光学常数比可以远离-0.5。用这种材料制成的三维模型,可以通过全息光弹性方法获得三维应力的全应力实验解答。用这种方法测定了对径受压圆球和高压压头对称断面上的应力分布。实验结果和理论解进行了比较。  相似文献   

2.
线性粘弹性复合材料的动态力学性能测定不同于弹性材料静态力学性能的测定,而应力波方法又是不同于其它测定粘弹性本构的方法.本文用纵波沿 G/E长杆中的传播,测出了它的拉压复模量,同时也引建了一套完善的应力波实时测定系统.  相似文献   

3.
本文将焦散线法实验技术与三维光弹性中切片“解冻”技术结合起来,分析了半空间体在边界上受切向和法向集中力作用时的接触问题。实验得到的焦散线图象与理论结果符合良好,从而为焦散线法的应用开辟了新的有效途径。本文的最后,提出了一个测定光弹性材料冻结时力学性能的新方法,实验结果与用拉伸试件测得的结果比较,两者吻合良好。  相似文献   

4.
本文简要介绍作者们利用国产硅橡胶材料测定裂纹尖端表面位移场的研究成果。在一根试样上多次“浇注”和取出不同加载状态下的复型,可得到δ_R阻力曲线,J_R阻力曲线。提出了一种由裂纹的复型测定裂纹张开角(COA)的方法,得到了1C_r13钢的CDA~da曲线。实验研究表明撕裂模量T_δ和CDA是比较好的弹塑性断裂参数。另外,作者们还用扫描电镜分析了裂纹的硅橡胶复型,从而给宏观微观结合起来研究裂纹问题提供了一个有希望的途径。  相似文献   

5.
本文用近年来兴起的数字谱分析技术对粘弹性材料动态特性的测定问题进行了较为深入的探讨和研究.提出用数字谱分析的方法高效率地进行粘弹性材料动态特性的测试.文中对实际粘弹性材料NYJlA-5-37进行了实验测试.并与以前的结果进行了对比,结果比较令人满意.本文还对试验中存在的静重去除问题以及粘接问题进行了比较深入的分析.  相似文献   

6.
对单层板的轴向、横向拉伸强度及粘弹性材料的拉伸强度进行测定以确定其弹性模量及泊松比。为了同理论结果比较,制作了专用夹具,用于测量复合材料方板的实验数据。该实验装置模拟四边固支边界条件,用于测量复合材料夹杂粘弹性阻尼材料结构受均布载荷时的静态挠度和应变,并通过转换公式得到复合结构下表面中点的正应力。实验结果同理论分析基本吻合,其误差主要由单层板与粘弹性阻尼材料的粘结剂厚度引起。  相似文献   

7.
挠曲电材料在传感、驱动方面呈现出的优良特性,使其在结构健康监测领域具有极大应用前景。挠曲电系数是衡量材料挠曲电效应的重要指标,对其测定受限于微小位移、微小电量的精确测量。本文分析了测定挠曲电系数的关键环节,提出了测定挠曲电系数的实验方案,利用锁定放大器和压电微驱动器以及超景深三维显微镜构建测试平台,精确测量微电量及微位移,进而准确测定挠曲电系数。在室温下对钛酸锶钡(Ba0.75Sr0.25TiO3)试样进行了研究,初步测量了纵向挠曲电系数以及横向挠曲电系数,验证了用该平台测定挠曲电系数的可行性,为进一步开展挠曲电材料的研究和应用提供了基础实验平台。  相似文献   

8.
在测定炸药爆压的许多方法中,水箱法,由于其简便、比较可靠,并且有可能用小药量测定爆压,是一种很实用的研究新炸药性能的方法。本文作者描述了实验装置和数据处理的方法,又用其研究测定了园柱炸药的直径效应,列出了实验结果并作了比较。  相似文献   

9.
韩雷  伍小平  胡时胜 《力学学报》1991,23(5):595-600
本文提出了全息干涉和离焦散斑干涉的动态测试方案。并在对实际工程材料金属薄板的撞击实验中付诸实施,获得了成功。以新型的 DJ-1 型双脉冲红宝石激光器作为瞬态实验的相干光源。因仪器的被动Q开关特性,用自制的数字电路完成调Q监视、同步控制和测时。加载及动载测定装置由 Hopkinson 设备改制,自编的软件可在实验后数分钟内得到撞击波形。  相似文献   

10.
基于带状单元法的电磁弹性多层板复频散特性分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
超声波在弹性介质中传播时理论上可以分为传播、非传播及衰减模式,且分别与实、虚及复波数相对应,可用复频散特性来进行描述.这一性质在电磁弹性多层板结构中同样存在.该文利用带状单元法对其进行了分析和计算.首先,利用能量守恒定律并结合介质的本构方程、平衡方程及相应边界条件构建了结构的带状单元模型,然后利用该模型获得了电磁弹性多层板的频散方程,最后以一个由压电材料BaTiO3和压磁材料CoFe2O4构成的三层板为数值分析对象,给出了波在其中传播时的复频散特性,并利用计算结果证明了当前相关文献中材料常数引用的不合理性.  相似文献   

11.
There has been little experimental work on flexural wave propagation in general and on flexural wave propagation in beams with discontinuities of cross section in particular. Experimental data are obtained for various test beams subjected to eccentric longitudinal impact. The bending strain versus time results are presented for several positions along a uniform beam and finite beams (of circular cross section) with discontinuities of cross section. Bending strain histories are recorded at several positions before and after the discontinuity. The effect of reflections on the propagated flexural wave is illustrated. The dispersion of the traveling flexural wave caused several alternating peaks within the duration of the original positive input pulse. The importance of investigating discontinuities of cross section in structures subjected to impact loading is clearly manifested.  相似文献   

12.
By using the formula derived in Part ( Ⅰ ), the instant response of an unrestrained planar frame structure subjected to the impact of a moving rigid-body are evaluated and analysed. The impact force-time history between the structure and the moving rigid-body, shear force and bending moment distribution along the beams, axial force distribution along the bars were calculated. The wave propagation phenomena of the longitudinal wave in the bars, the flexural and shear waves in the beams were also analysed. The numerical results show that the time duration of impact force is controlled by the flexural wave and the longitudinal wave ; the shear effect in beams should not be neglected in the impact response analysis of structures.  相似文献   

13.
By using the formula derived in Part (Ⅰ), the instant response of an unrestrained planar frame structure subjected to the impact of a moving rigid-body are evaluated and analysed.The impact force-time history between the structure and the moving rigid-body, shear force and bending moment distribution along the beams, axial force distribution along the bars were calculated. The wave propagation phenomena of the longitudinal wave in the bars, the flexural and shear waves in the beams were also analysed. The numerical results show that the time duration of impact force is controlled by the flexural wave and the longitudinal wave; the shear effect in beams should not be neglected in the impact response analysis of structures.  相似文献   

14.
基于导波技术的螺柱轴力无损检测   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
何文  王成 《计算力学学报》2009,26(4):604-607
根据弹性动力学理论,采用纵向导波与弯曲导波相结合的方法对螺柱所受轴向应力进行无损检测。计算了M22螺柱中纵向导波和弯曲导波的群速度频散曲线。根据频散曲线,确定了采用导波对螺柱轴向应力进行无损检测的最优检测信号频率范围(50~80 kHz),此频率范围的纵向导波与弯曲导波模态单一,并且频散性较低。分别计算了不同轴向应力σ作用下,多种频率的纵向导波和和弯曲导波在螺柱中传播的群速度值cgσrL和cgσrF。结果表明,随着轴向应力的增大,同频率纵向导波和弯曲导波的群速度皆呈线性递减趋势。利用纵向导波和弯曲导波群速度与轴向应力的线性关系及纵向导波和弯曲导波在轴向应力作用螺柱端面的反射时间tLσ和tσF,可以迅速确定螺柱所受轴向应力值。  相似文献   

15.
The propagation of longitudinal and flexural waves in axisymmetric circular cylindrical shells with periodic circular axial curvature is studied using a finite element method previously developed by the authors. Of primary interest is the coupling of these wave modes due to the periodic axial curvature which results in the generation of two types of stop bands not present in straight circular cylinders. The first type is related to the periodic spacing and occurs independently for longitudinal and flexural wave modes without coupling. However, the second type is caused by longitudinal and flexural wave mode coupling due to the axial curvature. A parametric study is conducted where the effects of cylinder radius, degree of axial curvature, and periodic spacing on wave propagation characteristics are investigated. It is shown that even a small degree of periodic axial curvature results in significant stop bands associated with wave mode coupling. These stop bands are broad and conceivably could be tuned to a specific frequency range by judicious choice of the shell parameters. Forced harmonic analyses performed on finite periodic structures show that strong attenuation of longitudinal and flexural motion occurs in the frequency ranges associated with the stop bands of the infinite periodic structure.  相似文献   

16.
为探究部分充液多胞元结构的抗冲击防护性能,结合充液内凹胞元的落锤冲击试验,建立了充液内凹胞元、部分充液内凹多胞元结构的冲击动态特性二维FEM数值分析,计算得到了部分充液内凹多胞元结构的变形破坏模式,讨论了不同冲击速度下部分充液内凹多胞元结构的动力学响应特性。结果表明:在充液胞元破损后,水介质会流入相邻未充液胞元,形成二次鼓胀吸能效应,从而有效提高结构壁面的变形吸能水平;结构中的充液区域和未充液区域的变形破坏模式分别为鼓胀拉伸和屈曲弯折;随着冲击速度的提高,结构的单位体积应变能以及对初始冲击载荷的削弱作用均得到增强。横向充液方式可以等效为变刚度弹簧的串联布置,该方式仅影响结构的局部刚度,纵向充液方式可以等效为多层变刚度弹簧的并联布置,该方式会影响结构的整体刚度;充液区域与未充液区域的等效刚度呈动态变化,结构变形模式由各区域实时的等效刚度决定。当载荷冲击速度较高时,横向和纵向部分充液内凹多胞元结构对初始冲击载荷的削弱能力均优于未充液内凹多胞元结构。  相似文献   

17.
基于修正的压力场理论MCFT(The Modified Compression Field Theory)和纤维单元模型建立了钢筋混凝土桥墩的弯剪数值分析模型,以MCFT理论确定桥墩的剪切力-剪切位移关系,并与考虑桥墩弯曲变形的纤维单元模型组合,共同考虑桥墩的弯-剪-轴力耦合作用.通过与六个弯剪破坏控制的圆形截面钢筋混凝土桥墩拟静力试验结果的对比,对分析模型进行了验证.主要认识结论为基于MCFT理论可准确地计算弯剪破坏桥墩的屈服荷载、极限荷载和弹性阶段剪切刚度,剪切开裂是引起钢筋混凝土构件剪切力-剪切位移关系刚度突变的主要因素,而弯曲开裂与纵筋屈服对刚度的影响较小;分析模型对弯剪破坏桥墩的滞回曲线、弯曲与剪切变形成分均进行了较为准确的模拟分析.  相似文献   

18.
19.
The large-deflection analysis and post-buckling behavior of laterally braced or unbraced slender beam-columns of symmetrical cross section subjected to end loads (forces and moments) with both ends partially restrained against rotation, including the effects of out-of-plumbness, are developed in a classical manner. The classical theory of the “Elastica” and the corresponding elliptical functions utilized herein are those presented previously by Aristizabal-Ochoa [1]. The proposed method can be used in the large-deflection analysis and post-buckling behavior of elastic slender beam-columns with rigid, semi-rigid, and simple flexural connections at both ends including linear and non-linear inelastic connections like those that suffer from flexural degradation (such as flexural cracking and elasto-plastic connections) or flexural stiffening. Only bending strains are considered in the proposed analysis. Results from the proposed method are theoretically exact from small to very large curvatures and transverse and longitudinal displacements for laterally braced or unbraced slender beam-columns under bending caused by end loads. The large-deflection analysis and post-buckling behavior of slender beam-columns with both supports partially restrained against rotation and with sway inhibited or uninhibited are complex problems requiring the simultaneous solution of two coupled non-linear equations with elliptical integrals whose unknowns are the limits of the integrals. The validity of the proposed method and equations are verified against solutions available in the technical literature. Three comprehensive examples are included that show the effects of linear and non-linear connections at both ends on the large-deflection analysis and post-buckling behavior of slender beam-columns.  相似文献   

20.
The torsional and longitudinal–flexural vibrations of corrugated orthotropic shells are investigated. Relations, including the equations of motion in forces and moments and Hooke’s relations, are obtained using the Kirchhoff–Love hypotheses. The influence of the geometric parameters of the shell (corrugation amplitude and length) on the eigenfrequencies and natural vibrations modes is studied for fixed-end shells. It is found that during torsional vibrations, increasing the corrugation amplitude and increasing the number of corrugations leads to a decrease in the resonant frequencies. In the case of torsional and longitudinal–flexural vibrations, the influence of the corrugation amplitude on the natural vibration modes is investigated.  相似文献   

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