On several new methods to polar decomposition computation

In this paper, the polar decomposition of a deformation gradient tensor is analyzed in detail. The four new methods for polar decomposition computation are given: (1) the iterated method, (2) the principal invariant's method, (3) the principal rotation axis's method, (4) the coordinate transformation's method. The iterated method makes it possible to establish the nonlinear finite element method based on polar decomposition. Furthermore, the material time derivatives of the stretch tensor and the rotation tensor are obtained by explicit and simple expressions. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support rendered by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi of China in 1998.     

基于中间构形的大变形弹塑性模型

在大变形弹塑性本构理论中,一个基本的问题是弹性变形和塑性变形的分解.通常采用两种分解方式,一是将变形率(或应变率)加法分解为弹性和塑性两部分,其中,弹性变形率与Kirchhoff应力的客观率通过弹性张量联系起来构成所谓的次弹性模型,而塑性变形率与Kirchhoff应力使用流动法则建立联系;另一种是基于中间构形将变形梯度进行乘法分解,它假定通过虚拟的卸载过程得到一个无应力的中间构形,建立所谓超弹性-塑性模型.研究了基于变形梯度乘法分解并且基于中间构形的大变形弹塑性模型所具有的若干性质,包括:在不同的构形上,塑性旋率的存在性、背应力的对称性、塑性变形率与屈服面的正交性以及它们之间的关系.首先,使用张量函数表示理论,建立了各向同性函数的若干特殊性质,并导出了张量的张量值函数在中间构形到当前构形之间进行前推后拉的简单关系式.然后,基于这些特殊性质和关系式,从热力学定律出发,建立模型在不同构形上的数学表达,包括客观率表示的率形式和连续切向刚度等,从而获得模型所具有的若干性质.最后,将模型与4种其他模型进行了比较分析.      

Elastoplastic deformation of elements of an isotropic solid along paths of small curvature: Constitutive equations incorporating the stress mode

Constitutive equations relating the components of the stress tensor in a Eulerian coordinate system and the linear components of the finite-strain tensor are derived. These stress and strain measures are energy-consistent. It is assumed that the stress deviator is coaxial with the plastic-strain differential deviator and that the first invariants of the stress and strain tensors are in a nonlinear relationship. In the case of combined elastoplastic deformation of elements of the body, this relationship, as well as the relationship between the second invariants of the stress and strain deviators, is determined from fundamental tests on a tubular specimen subjected to proportional loading at several values of stress mode angle (the third invariant of the stress deviator). Methods to individualize these relationships are proposed. The initial assumptions are experimentally validated. The constitutive equations derived underlie an algorithm for solving boundary-value problems __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 43, No. 6, pp. 43–55, June 2007.     

Second-Order Shell Kinematics Implied by Rotation Constraint-Equation

The paper presents a general methodology of introducing the shell-type variables which is based on the rotation constraint-equation (RC-equation). The RC-equation is proven to be equivalent to the polar decomposition of the deformation gradient formula, and the rotations which it yields are interpreted in terms of rotations of vectors of an ortho-normal basis. The deformation function and rotations are assumed as polynomials of the thickness coordinate ζ, and in this form used in the RC-equation. Solving this equation, we can express the coefficients of the quadratic deformation function in terms of the following shell-type variables: (a) the mid-surface position x ₀, (b) the constant rotation Q ₀, (c) the rotation vector ψ ^* for the ζ-dependent rotations, and (d) the normal components U ₃₃ ⁰ and U ₃₃ ¹ of the right stretching tensor. This new methodology (i) ensures that all shell kinematical variables are consistent with the RC-equation, which is justified on 3D grounds, (ii) provides a general framework from which various Reissner-type hypotheses can be obtained by suitable assumptions. As an example, two generalized Reissner hypotheses are derived: one with two normal stretches, and the other with the in-plane twist and the bubble-like warping parameters. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A new curved gradient deficient shell element of absolute nodal coordinate formulation for modeling thin shell structures

A curved gradient deficient shell element for the Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation (ANCF) is proposed for modeling initially thin curved structures. Unlike the fully parameterized elements of ANCF, a full mapping of the gradient vectors between different configurations is not available for gradient deficient elements, therefore it is cumbersome to work in a rectangular coordinate system for an initially curved element. In this study, a curvilinear coordinate system is adopted as the undeformed Lagrangian coordinates, and the Green–Lagrange strain tensor with respect to the curvilinear frame is utilized to characterize the deformation energy of the shell element. As a result, the strain due to the initially curved element shape is eliminated naturally, and the element formulation is obtained in a concise mathematical form with a clear physical interpretation. For thin structures, the simplified formulations for the evaluation of elastic forces are also given. Moreover, an approach to deal with the on-surface slope discontinuity is also proposed for modeling general curved shell structures. Finally, the developed element of ANCF is validated by several numerical examples.     

基于拟应变法的壳单元大变形分析及在冲击动力问题中的应用

为了简便有效地解决板壳结构的大变形问题，本文针对八节点相对自由度壳单元进行研究。该单元的位移场由壳的中面节点位移和上表面节点的相对位移组成，不带有转动变量。所有的研究都是基于完全的三维位移、应力、应变场。采用拟应变法，对应变场另行假设，能够改善该单元在大变形情况下的计算精度。通过引入Wilson非协调模式，构造了大变形情况下的拟应变场表达式，给出了该单元用于解决非线性动力分析问题的有限元求解方程。通过算例表明，本文针对相对自由度壳单元提出的方法及推导的公式，能够解决冲击动力问题中的大变形问题。     

A large deformation analysis for nonlinear elastic problems by hypoelastic theory

In this paper, large deformation problems for nonlinear elasticity are studied on the basis of hypoelastic theory. The expression of Cauchy elasticity is derived in the form of hypoclasticity. This makes it possible to solve large deformation for nonlinear elastic problems by the hypoelastic method. The variational principle of hypoclasticity and the Ritz method are used to obtain the numerical solution of a rectangular rubber membrane under uniaxial stretch.     

金属板条在圆柱形模中弯曲成形的大变形有限元分析

本文采用大变形弹塑性有限元法对金属板条在柱形模中的压弯成形过程进行了数值模拟,并与实验进行了比较。首先给出了纠正的拉格朗日有限元公式和基于弹塑性乘法分解的超弹性塑性本构关系。对接触摩擦问题的处理采用了罚函数法。通过对数值结果的分析得出了一些对弯曲工艺的设计有指导价值的结论。     

Performance review of locking alleviation methods for continuum ANCF beam elements

Nonlinear Dynamics - The absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) is a nonlinear finite element approach proposed for the large deformation dynamics analysis of beam- and plate/shell-type...     

近场动力学框架下的键基对应模型

传统键基近场动力学模型存在泊松比限制的问题,为了解决这一问题发展了态基近场动力学模型。其中非常规态的近场动力学模型通过定义非局部的变形梯度将近场力和传统应力关联起来,方便使用传统本构,但是态基近场动力学计算效率低于键基近场动力学。结合态基模型和键基模型的优势,提出键基对应模型,定义了基于键的变形梯度,参考连续介质力学中变形梯度的极分解过程,将键的变形分为转动部分和伸长部分。从而进一步定义了应变,通过物理方程求应力,进而计算键传递的近场力。键基对应模型解决了键基近场动力学的泊松比限制问题,也不需要进行近场动力学微观材料常数的计算。数值算例和理论推导证明了键变形梯度定义以及近场力计算方式的正确性。     

Finite deformation analysis of mechanism-based strain gradient plasticity: torsion and crack tip field

A finite deformation theory of mechanism-based strain gradient (MSG) plasticity is developed in this paper based on the Taylor dislocation model. The theory ensures the proper decomposition of deformation in order to exclude the volumetric deformation from the strain gradient tensor since the latter represents the density of geometrically necessary dislocations. The solution for a thin cylinder under large torsion is obtained. The numerical method is used to investigate the finite deformation crack tip field in MSG plasticity. It is established that the stress level around a crack tip in MSG plasticity is significantly higher than its counterpart (i.e. HRR field) in classical plasticity.     

变形梯度张量极分解中转动张量的直接表示及其应用

本文通过变分途径建立了变形梯度张量的极分解和加法分解之间的联系.采用工程界通常采用的变形梯度张量的加法分解形式,得到了三维空间中极分解的转动张量和伸长张量的直接表示,即实现了转动和变形的分离.由这些直接表示,可以得到各种有用的近似表示.     

含随机参数的非线性黏弹性有限元计算

进行了粗粒土与结构接触面单调和循环加载试验，基于宏细观测量结果, 扩展了 损伤概念以 描述该类接触面在受载过程中的物态演化, 及由于物态演化导致的力学特性从初始状态到最终 稳定状态的连续变化过程. 揭示了接触面损伤的细观物理基础主要是接触面内土的颗粒破碎 和剪切压密这两种物态演化；指出接触面的剪胀体应变可以划分为可逆性和不可逆性剪胀体 应变两部分，其中不可逆性剪胀体应变可作为接触面损伤发展的宏观量度，因此其归一化 形式可作为一种损伤因子的定义；提出了建立粗粒土与结构接触面一种损伤本构关系的基本思路.     

A novel internal dissipation inequality by isotropy and its implication for inelastic constitutive characterization

In the present work a novel inelastic deformation caused internal dissipation inequality by isotropy is revealed. This inequality has the most concise form among a variety of internal dissipation inequalities, including the one widely used in constitutive characterization of isotropic finite strain elastoplasticity and viscoelasticiy. Further, the evolution term describing the difference between the rate of deformation tensor and the “principal rate” of the elastic logarithmic strain tensor is set, according to the standard practice by isotropy, to equal a rank-two isotropic tensor function of the corresponding branch stress, with the tensor function having an eigenspace identical to the eigenspace of the branch stress tensor. Through that a general form of evolution equation for the elastic logarithmic strain is formulated and some interesting and important results are derived. Namely, by isotropy the evolution of the elastic logarithmic strain tensor is embodied separately by the evolutions of its eigenvalues and eigenprojections, with the evolution of the eigenprojections driven by the rate of deformation tensor and the evolution of the eigenvalues connected to specific material behavior. It can be proved that by isotropy the evolution term in the present dissipation inequality stands for the essential form of the evolution term in the extensively applied dissipation inequality.     

Non-local continuum model and its numerical simulation for localization problem

A non-local continuum model for strain-softening simply taking plastic strain or damage variable as a non-local variable is derived by using the additive decomposition principle of finite deformation gradient. At the same time, variational equations, their finite element formulations and numerical convoluted integration algorithm of the model in current configuration usually called co-moving coordinate system are given. Stability and convergence of the model are proven by means of the weak convergence theorem of general function and the convoluted integration theory. Mathematical and physical properties of the characteristic size for material or structure are accounted for within the context of a statistical weighted or kernel function, and way is investigated. Numerical simulation shows that this model is suitable for to analyzing deformation localization problems. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 19632030).     

Nonlinear shell-type to beam-type fea simplifications for composite frp poles

This paper presents a semi-analytical finite element analysis of pole-type structures with circular hollow cross-section. Based on the principle of stationary potential energy and Novozhilov’s derivation of nonlinear strains, the formulations for the geometric nonlinear analysis of general shells are derived. The nonlinear shell-type analysis is then manipulated and simplified gradually into a beam-type analysis with special emphasis given on the relationships of shell-type to beam-type and nonlinear to linear analyses. Based on the theory of general shells and the finite element method, the approach presented herein is employed to analyze the ovalization of the cross-section, large displacements, the P-Δ effect as well as the overall buckling of pole-type structures. Illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability and the efficiency of the present technique to the large deformation of fiber-reinforced polymer composite poles accompanied with comparisons employing commercial finite element codes.     

Corrigendum: incompatible deformation field and Riemann curvature tensor

The "Corollary 1" formulation in SUN, B. H. Incompatible deformation field and Riemann curvature tensor. Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (English Edition),38(3), 311-332 (2017) is corrected. It can be stated as follows:The symmetric part of the deformation gradient has no contribution to the trace of the displacement density tensor.     

连续介质力学中变形梯度张量客观性表述的分歧

张量的客观性是连续介质力学中一个重要的概念,但现有文献对张量客观性的定义不一致导致有关变形梯度张量客观性的表述存在分歧.本文主要基于张量的逆及功共轭角度分析了不同客观性定义的差别,旨在加深对张量客观性,特别是对变形梯度等两点张量客观性的认识.     

Derivatives and Rates of the Stretch and Rotation Tensors

General expressions for the derivatives and rates of the stretch and rotation tensors with respect to the deformation gradient are derived. They are both specialized to some of the formulas already available in the literature and used to derive some new ones, in three and two dimensions. Essential ingredients of the treatment are basic elements of differential calculus for tensor valued functions of tensors and recently derived results on the solution of the tensor equation A X + XA= H in the unknown X. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A direct representation of the rotation tensor in polar decomposition of deformation gradient and its applications

Through a variational approach, an explicit connection between the additive and the polar decompositions of deformation gradient has been established. An exact formula for determining the rotation tensor in polar decomposition is obtained. The formula is fundamental in continuum mechanics and can be used to separate the rotation and the pure strain in deformation, by which various approximate expressions can be easily obtained.