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1.
动态压缩荷载作用下,脆性岩石内部动态细观裂纹扩展特性,对岩石宏观动态力学特性有着重要的影响。然而,对岩石内部动态细观裂纹扩展与宏观动态力学特性的关系研究较少。基于准静态裂纹扩展作用下的应力-应变本构模型、准静态与动态裂纹扩展断裂韧度关系、裂纹速率与应变率关系模型及应变率与动态断裂韧度关系,提出了一种基于细观力学的动态应力-应变本构模型。其中裂纹速率与应变率关系,是根据裂纹长度与应变关系的时间导数推出;应变率与动态断裂韧度关系,是根据推出的裂纹速率及应变率关系,与裂纹速率及断裂韧度关系相结合而得到。研究了应变率对应力-应变本构关系及动态压缩强度影响。并通过试验结果验证了模型的合理性。讨论了岩石初始损伤、围压、模型中参数m、ε0和R对应力-应变关系、动态压缩强度和动态弹性模量的影响。研究结果可为动态压缩荷载作用下深部地下工程脆性围岩稳定性分析提供了一定的理论支持。  相似文献   

2.
Progressive failure constitutive model of fracture plane in geomaterial based on strain strength distribution is proposed. The basic assumption is that strain strength of geomaterial comply with a certain distribution law in space. Failure of tensile fracture plane and shear fracture plane in representative volume element (RVE) with iso-strain are discussed, and generalized failure constitutive model of fracture plane in RVE is established considering combined effect of tension and shear. Fracture plane consists of elastic microplanes and fractured microplanes. Elastic microplanes are intact parts of the fracture plane, and fractured microplanes are the rest parts of the fracture plane whose strain have ever exceeded their strain strength. Interaction mode on elastic microplanes maintains linear elasticity, while on fractured microplanes it turns into contact and complies with Coulomb’s friction law. Intact factor and fracture factor are defined to describe damage state of the fracture plane which can be easily expressed with cumulative integration of distribution density function of strain strength. Strong nonlinear macroscopic behavior such as yielding and strain softening can be naturally obtained through statistical microstructural damage of fracture plane due to distribution of strain strength. Elastic–brittle fracture model and ideal elastoplastic model are special cases of this model when upper and lower limit of distribution interval are equal.  相似文献   

3.
Effect of microstructure on fracture of brittle materials: Unified approach   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
A theoretical approach to the fracture of brittle solids based on crack opening displacement and energy rate criterion is presented. The approach allows for the prediction of elastic (Young’s modulus) and fracture (fracture strength and thermal shock) response of a brittle material containing spherical pores and polycrystalline solids containing anisotropic residual stresses.  相似文献   

4.
含非贯通裂隙岩体是自然界中岩体的主要赋存形式,其裂隙几何特征对岩体的强度及变形均产生显著影响。应变率对岩体的损伤演化及黏滞效应也具有显著的率相关性。首先,运用模型元件的方法,将非贯通裂隙岩体动态破坏过程视为具复合损伤、静态弹性特性、动态黏滞特性的非均质点组成,对黏弹性响应的Maxwell体进行改进,将细观损伤体与裂隙损伤演化的宏观损伤体根据等效应变假设并联组成宏细观复合损伤体,构建综合考虑岩体宏细观缺陷的动态损伤模型;其次,基于断裂力学及应变能理论,对岩体宏观裂隙动态扩展的能量机制进行分析,综合考虑初始裂隙应变能、裂隙动态损伤演化过程应变能、裂隙闭合应变能,得到裂隙岩体宏观动态损伤变量计算公式;最后,将模型计算结果与实验结果进行比较,模型计算结果与实验结果吻合较好,证明了模型的合理性,同时利用模型讨论了裂隙倾角、应变率、岩石性质对岩体变形特征的影响规律。  相似文献   

5.
A model of dynamic damage by void nucleation and growth is proposed for elastic-viscoplastic materials sustaining intense loading. The model is dedicated to ductile materials for which fracture is caused by microvoiding. The material contains potential nucleation sites where microvoids are generated when the local pressure overcomes the nucleation pressure. A probability density function is adopted to describe the fluctuation of the nucleation pressure within the material. The void growth is described by using a hollow sphere model where micro-inertia effects are accounted for. The matrix weakening due to void growth is also included.The model has been first tested under uniaxial deformation. When the strain rate is assumed constant, the pressure inside the material has nearly a linear response up to a maximum. An analytical expression for the maximum pressure is proposed.Finite element simulations of plate impact tests have been carried out and compared to experiments on tantalum. From simulations based on the proposed model, an increase of the spall strength is observed with higher shock intensities. Therefore, the relationship between the velocity pullback and spall strength usually assumed in the literature (based on the acoustic approach) seems to be inadequate. Velocity profiles are simulated for different flyer thicknesses and different impact velocities with close agreement with experiments.  相似文献   

6.
The aim of this paper is to investigate the role of microscale inertia in dynamic ductile crack growth. A constitutive model for porous solids that accounts for dynamic effects due to void growth is proposed. The model has been implemented in a finite element code and simulations of crack growth in a notched bar and in an edge cracked specimen have been performed. Results are compared to predictions obtained via the Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) model where micro-inertia effects are not accounted for. It is found that microscale inertia has a significant influence on the crack growth. In particular, it is shown that micro-inertia plays an important role during the strain localisation process by impeding void growth. Therefore, the resulting damage accumulation occurs in a more progressive manner. For this reason, simulations based on the proposed modelling exhibit much less mesh sensitivity than those based on the viscoplastic GTN model. Microscale inertia is also found to lead to lower crack speeds. Effects of micro-inertia on fracture toughness are evaluated.  相似文献   

7.
The mechanism of brittle fracture of high-polymer solids is experimentally investigated under one-or two-dimensional stress states by a new photoelastoplastic method suggested by the author. The application of the photoelasto-plastic method on the brittle-fracture problem is based on the principle that breaking stress can be computed in brittle fracture by the measurement of the fringe orderN B of isochromatic lines at fracture point. Bending under three-point and four-point loads, and the plane problems, some having stress concentration and others being under contacting load, are examined by using rigid polyester cast resin containing styrol as a model specimen; and, in conclusion, the brittle fracture of high-polymer solids under one- or two-dimensional stress states is decided by the constant tensile stress, whose magnitude depends only upon the material used as a model specimen, and is larger than its ultimate tensile strength. Many kinds of factors in fracture are defined, and stress-concentration factors in fracture are compared with stress-concentration factors in elasticity. A new photoelasto-plastic simple method for the determination of stress-concentration factors in elasticity is suggested by utilization of the experimental results on this brittle fracture of high-polymer solids and is examined on the perforated plane problem having finite width under tension in comparison with theoretical analysis and the experimental results by other measuring methods.  相似文献   

8.
为构建Zr62.5Nb3Cu14.5Ni14Al6非晶合金在高压、大应变、高应变率状态下的材料模型,采用根据实验数据理论推导和数值模拟对比反馈的方法,对材料的Johnson-Holmquist本构模型(JH-2模型)参数进行了研究:材料的静水压力-体应变关系通过平板冲击实验数据和理论推导得到;无损材料强度与应变、应变率的关系通过轴向压缩实验数据确定;材料损伤参数与破碎材料强度参数的关系通过平板冲击实验数据确定;破碎材料强度参数通过数值模拟与实验结果对比的反馈法得到。将材料模型应用于平板冲击和破片侵彻的数值模拟,通过数值模拟与实验结果对比的方式,验证材料模型的准确性。结果表明,平板冲击实验中,材料的自由面粒子速度曲线与数值模拟结果吻合度较高;破片侵彻实验中,破片对钢靶的侵彻深度、开坑孔径与数值模拟结果的一致性较好,构建的材料模型较准确反映了材料的动态力学特性。  相似文献   

9.
冻融环境下准脆性岩石损伤力学特性对寒区工程建设有重要影响。由于准脆性岩石存在特征长度,其尺度效应不再符合Weibull尺度效应统计理论。本文以准脆性岩石为研究对象,考虑准脆性岩石微单元强度服从对数正态分布的条件下,依据D-P破坏准则,运用损伤力学理论建立了围压作用下冻融准脆性岩石的损伤本构模型,对冻融准脆性岩石损伤力学特性进行了探讨。研究表明,(1)采用对数正态分布建立的冻融准脆性岩石损伤力学本构模型与试验结果一致,该模型反映出冻融环境下准脆性岩石总损伤沿应变、围压和冻融循环路径相互作用,能够揭示出准脆性岩石损伤演化的本质特征。(2)冻融与围压共同作用下,准脆性岩石应力-应变变化关系可划分为线弹性阶段、非线性强化阶段、应力减弱阶段以及应变衰退阶段。(3)当准脆性岩石所受围压一定时,冻融次数是使准脆性岩石冻融受荷总损伤增大的关键因素。冻融循环次数对准脆性岩石的损伤劣化起促进作用;当准脆性岩石所受冻融循环次数不变时,冻融受荷总损伤随围压增大而减小,即围压对准脆性岩石力学性能劣化起抑制作用。相关研究成果对寒区岩体工程安全稳定性评价有一定的理论参考价值。  相似文献   

10.
Compressive failure of brittle materials is driven primarily by crack growth from pre-existing flaws in the material. These flaws, such as grain boundaries, pores, preexisting cracks, inclusions and missing grains, are randomly spaced and have a range of possible shapes and sizes. The current work proposes a micromechanics-based model for compressive dynamic failure of brittle materials with circular pore flaws, which incorporates both the number density and the size distribution of flaws. Results show that the distribution of flaw sizes is very important, particularly at moderate strain rate, since analyses based solely on the mean flaw size overpredict strength. Therefore, in order to increase dynamic strength at low to moderate strain rates, it is most effective to control the presence of large flaws. At very high strain rates, however, crack growth is activated even in small flaws and therefore controlling the total number density rather than the size of the flaws is effective for increasing dynamic strength. Finally, the model shows that neglecting very small flaws in the pore population may not have significant effects on the results in many cases, suggesting that the model is a useful tool for identifying a minimum resolution required for experimental characterization of microstructure.  相似文献   

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