Self-adaptive one-dimensional nonlinear finite element method based on element energy projection method

The element energy projection （EEP） method for computation of super- convergent resulting in a one-dimensional finite element method （FEM） is successfully used to self-adaptive FEM analysis of various linear problems, based on which this paper presents a substantial extension of the whole set of technology to nonlinear problems. The main idea behind the technology transfer from linear analysis to nonlinear analysis is to use Newton＇s method to linearize nonlinear problems into a series of linear problems so that the EEP formulation and the corresponding adaptive strategy can be directly used without the need for specific super-convergence formulation for nonlinear FEM. As a re- sult, a unified and general self-adaptive algorithm for nonlinear FEM analysis is formed. The proposed algorithm is found to be able to produce satisfactory finite element results with accuracy satisfying the user-preset error tolerances by maximum norm anywhere on the mesh. Taking the nonlinear ordinary differential equation （ODE） of second-order as the model problem, this paper describes the related fundamental idea, the imple- mentation strategy, and the computational algorithm. Representative numerical exam- ples are given to show the efficiency, stability, versatility, and reliability of the proposed approach.     

Self-adaptive strategy for one-dimensional finite element method based on EEP method with optimal super-convergence order

Based on the newly-developed element energy projection （EEP） method with optimal super-convergence order for computation of super-convergent results, an improved self-adaptive strategy for one-dimensional finite element method （FEM） is proposed. In the strategy, a posteriori errors are estimated by comparing FEM solutions to EEP super-convergent solutions with optimal order of super-convergence, meshes are refined by using the error-averaging method. Quasi-FEM solutions are used to replace the true FEM solutions in the adaptive process. This strategy has been found to be simple, clear, efficient and reliable. For most problems, only one adaptive step is needed to produce the required FEM solutions which pointwise satisfy the user specified error tolerances in the max-norm. Taking the elliptical ordinary differential equation of the second order as the model problem, this paper describes the fundamental idea, implementation strategy and computational algorithm and representative numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed approach.     

Finite cell method compared to h-version finite element method for elasto-plastic problems

The finite cell method （FCM） combines the high-order finite element method （FEM） with the fictitious domain approach for the purpose of simple meshing. In the present study, the FCM is used to the Prandtl-Reuss flow theory of plasticity, and the results are compared with the h-version finite element method （h-FEM）. The numerical results show that the FCM is more efficient compared to the h-FEM for elasto-plastic problems, although the mesh does not conform to the boundary. It is also demonstrated that the FCM performs well for elasto-plastic loading and unloading.     

无网格Galerkin法与非协调元方法的耦合

无网格Galerkin法(EFGM)处理不可压缩问题时不存在自锁现象，有限元方法(FEM)也常被用来与其耦合以方便地施加边界条件和提高计算效率。在有限元方法中使用等参元，EFGM与FEM的耦合方法在处理不可压缩问题时仍然存在自锁现象。本文在有限元方法中，采用非协调元，将无网格kGalerkin法与非协调元耦合，保留了耦合方法的优点，且避免了求解不可压缩问题时的自锁现象。算例显示本文方法在分析平面应变不可压缩问题时能得到合理的结果。     

A novel twice-interpolation finite element method for solid mechanics problems

Formulation and numerical evaluation of a novel twice-interpolation finite element method （TFEM） is presented for solid mechanics problems. In this method, the trial function for Galerkin weak form is constructed through two stages of consecutive interpolation. The primary interpolation follows exactly the same procedure of standard FEM and is further reproduced according to both nodal values and averaged nodal gradients obtained from primary interpolation. The trial functions thus constructed have continuous nodal gradients and contain higher order polynomial without increasing total freedoms. Several benchmark examples and a real dam problem are used to examine the TFEM in terms of accuracy and convergence. Compared with standard FEM, TFEM can achieve significantly better accuracy and higher convergence rate, and the continuous nodal stress can be obtained without any smoothing operation. It is also found that TFEM is insensitive to the quality of the elemental mesh. In addition, the present TFEM can treat the incompressible material without any modification.     

分区界面元-有限元-无限元混合模型

利用界面元良好的相容性，引入过渡界面元的概念．实现了界面元与有限元二种数值计算方法的结合，并提出了一种界面元-有限元-无限元混合模型。这种混合模型既可以发挥界面元计算精度高、适用于不连续变形等优点．又能够充分利用有限元的计算效率和无限元方便处理无限域介质的特点，较为和谐地解决了计算精度和计算效率的矛盾。数值算例表明，本文所建立的混合模型的有效性，揭示此类混合模型具有广阔的工程应用前景。     

一种基于单元几何变形的网格修匀方法

基于单元几何变形操作提出一种高效的非结构网格质量修匀方法。其基本过程是先对每个单元独立地进行拉伸-收缩操作以优化单元的形状,然后在整个网格中通过对各单元的节点位置进行加权平均来获得改善后的网格。为进一步提高修匀方法对网格质量的优化效果,并使得该方法具备一定的网格调整能力,结合动网格技术提出了对单元进行大范围和较大幅度移动的策略;在修匀过程中还通过适当算法调整单元形心位置和单元尺寸,进一步增强了修匀方法对网格局部进行疏密调节的能力。本文方法可适用于平面和三维非结构网格的质量改善及网格调整。若干算例表明了方法的有效性。     

Anisotropic adaptive finite element method for magnetohydrodynamic flow at high Hartmann numbers

This paper presents an anisotropic adaptive finite element method (FEM) to solve the governing equations of steady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) duct flow. A residual error estimator is presented for the standard FEM, and two-sided bounds on the error independent of the aspect ratio of meshes are provided. Based on the Zienkiewicz-Zhu estimates, a computable anisotropic error indicator and an implement anisotropic adaptive refinement for the MHD problem are derived at different values of the Hartmann number. The most distinguishing feature of the method is that the layer information from some directions is captured well such that the number of mesh vertices is dramatically reduced for a given level of accuracy. Thus, this approach is more suitable for approximating the layer problem at high Hartmann numbers. Numerical results show efficiency of the algorithm.     

基于双重自适应的六面体网格再生成方法

提出了一种以栅格法为基本方法,基于几何特征和物理场量双重自适应的六面体网格再生成方法。首先,依据旧网格的表面曲率和几何特征,采用基于栅格法的几何自适应网格再生成方法,生成密度受控的基础网格;然后,将旧网格的物理场量传递到基础网格中;最后,采用有限元误差估计方法对新网格单元的计算误差进行估计,对误差较大的单元进行加密,减...     

基于边光滑有限元法的加筋板静力和自由振动分析

运用边光滑有限元法，研究分析了加筋板结构的静力和自由振动问题。在边光滑有限元法中，将基于边的应变光滑技术用于对原来的应变场进行光滑操作；由于应变光滑技术能够适当地软化原来过刚的有限元模型，从而能够得到更加接近于系统准确刚度的光滑有限元模型；鉴于三角形单元良好的适用性，选用三角形单元对模型进行网格划分；同时，为了解决低阶Reissner-Mindlin板单元弯曲过程中的横向剪切自锁问题，采用了一种新型的离散剪切间隙技术。算例的数值计算结果表明，与传统的有限元法相比，边光滑有限元法能够得到精度更高的计算结果，且收敛更快，计算效率更佳。     

近场动力学与有限元的混合建模方法

综述了近场动力学与有限元混合建模方法的研究进展,阐明了各种混合建模方法的基本原理与特点,并重点介绍本课题组在近场动力学与有限元方法混合建模方面的研究工作。现有近场动力学与有限元混合建模方法包括位移协调约束、力耦合、混合函数方法以及子模型方法等,除子模型方法外,都可归结为并行式多尺度分析方法,其基本思想是将计算结构划分为近场动力学子域、有限元子域以及两者的交界区域(或重叠区域、或界面单元、或过渡区域)。子模型方法可归结为显-显分析方法,先采用显式有限元进行整体分析,后采用近场动力学方法对重点区域进行分析。混合建模方法需要着重提高交界区域的计算精度,并且消除虚假力和虚假应力波问题。提出了通过力耦合的近场动力学与有限元混合建模的隐式分析方法,该方法不再设置重叠区,通过杆单元连接近场动力学子域与有限元子域,其中界面上的有限元结点不仅与其所在单元的其他结点发生作用,还通过杆单元与以其为圆心、一定半径的圆域内的其他物质点相互作用。研究表明,本文提出的混合模型和求解方法既能有效解决裂纹扩展等不连续问题,又可提高计算效率,为工程结构破坏问题的计算分析提供一种有效方法。     

数值流形单元法数学网格自适应

基于数值流形方法和有限覆盖技术,将有限元法的后验误差估计理论及h型网格自适应技术推广应用到数值流形单元法中,提出了数值流形单元法的后验误差估计方法和数学网格自适应技术,并编制了相应的程序。数值算例表明,经过网格自适应,可以在粗糙的初始网格基础上得到质量比较理想的网格,计算结果可达到用户要求的精度。     

直接计算应力强度因子的扩展有限元法

系统地给出了直接计算应力强度因子的扩展有限元法。该方法以常规有限元法为基础,利用单位分解法思想,通过在近似位移表达式中增加能够反映裂纹面的不连续函数及反映裂尖局部特性的裂尖渐进位移场函数,间接体现裂纹面的存在,从而无需使裂纹面与有限元网格一致,无需在裂尖布置高密度网格,也不需要后处理就可以直接计算出应力强度因子,并且大大简化了前后处理工作。最后通过两个简单算例验证了该方法的精度,分析了影响计算结果的因素,并与采用J积分计算的应力强度因子作了对比,得出了两种方法计算精度相当的结论。     

渐进结构优化方法失效机理分析与改进策略

针对ESO方法在Zhou-Rozvany算例中失效的根本机理进行了深入的分析,提出有效的改进策略。指出ESO方法失效的根本原因既不是网格划分的数目过少,也不是优化策略的不合理,而是对于各单元内材料有效性评估的误差所致。针对ESO方法的失效机理引入奇异单元的概念,并提出了一种基于奇异单元的改进策略,改进后的ESO方法能够在网格较为稀疏的情况下保证0-1优化结果的合理性。     

基于p型有限元法和围线积分法计算复合型应力强度因子

传统有限元法由于采用低阶插值计算应力强度因子时,需要划分的网格数较多,收敛速度较慢,得到的应力强度因子精度不足。p型有限元法在网格确定时通过增加插值多项式的阶数来提高计算精度,具有网格划分少、收敛速度快、精度高、自适应能力强等特点。本文采用基于p型有限元法的有限元计算软件StressCheck计算得到应力场和位移场,并由围线积分法导出混合型应力强度因子(SIFs)。通过几个经典算例,分析了围线的选择对计算精度的影响,计算了不同裂纹长度、不同裂纹角度和裂纹在应力集中区域不同位置时的应力强度因子。并将数值结果、理论解与文献中其他数值计算方法所得的部分结果进行了对比分析,结果表明自由度数不大于7000时,导出的应力强度因子相对误差最大不超过1.2%,数值解表现出较高的精度及数值稳定性。     

Adaptive mixed least squares Galerkin/Petrov finite element method for stationary conduction convection problems

An adaptive mixed least squares Galerkin/Petrov finite element method (FEM) is developed for stationary conduction convection problems. The mixed least squares Galerkin/Petrov FEM is consistent and stable for any combination of discrete velocity and pressure spaces without requiring the Babuska-Brezzi stability condition. Using the general theory of Verfürth, the posteriori error estimates of the residual type are derived. Finally, numerical tests are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the method.     

随机结构有限元分析的递推求解方法

提出了一种新的谱随机有限元分析方法——递推求解方法。该方法将随机结构的随机响应表示成非正交多项式展式，建立了和摄动法类似的一系列确定的递推方程，并通过确定性有限元方法对这些递推方程进行静力问题求解。算例表明，当随机量出现较大涨落时，计算结果相对于传统摄动法有不小的改进。     

结构动力分析自适应有限元方法综述

结构动力分析自适应有限元方法主要研究有限元动力分析的误差估计理论,建立适用于复杂结构动力分析的有限元网格自适应过程．介绍了结构动力问题自适应有限元方法的重要发展,包括固有振动和动响应分析的误差估计及相应的自适应策略;且简要介绍了几种现有的网格生成技术及其特点．最后指出这种方法存在的问题和今后的研究方向．     

A cell‐based smoothed finite element method with semi‐implicit CBS procedures for incompressible laminar viscous flows

In this paper, the cell‐based smoothed finite element method (CS‐FEM) with the semi‐implicit characteristic‐based split (CBS) scheme (CBS/CS‐FEM) is proposed for computational fluid dynamics. The 3‐node triangular (T3) element and 4‐node quadrilateral (Q4) element are used for present CBS/CS‐FEM for two‐dimensional flows. The 8‐node hexahedral element (H8) is used for three‐dimensional flows. Two types of CS‐FEM are implemented in this paper. One is standard CS‐FEM with quadrilateral gradient smoothing cells for Q4 element and hexahedron cells for H8 element. Another is called as n‐sided CS‐FEM (nCS‐FEM) whose gradient smoothing cells are triangles for Q4 element and pyramids for H8 element. To verify the proposed methods, benchmarking problems are tested for two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional flows. The benchmarks show that CBS/CS‐FEM and CBS/nCS‐FEM are capable to solve incompressible laminar flow and can produce reliable results for both steady and unsteady flows. The proposed CBS/CS‐FEM method has merits on better robustness against distorted mesh with only slight more computation time and without losing accuracy, which is important for problems with heavy mesh distortion. The blood flow in carotid bifurcation is also simulated to show capabilities of proposed methods for realistic and complicated flow problems.