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1.
动脉局部狭窄时脉动流的有限元分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
罗小玉  匡震邦 《力学学报》1992,24(3):320-328
本文利用有限元方法研究动脉局部狭窄下的脉动流流场,重点考查在50%与80%面积狭窄下的速度分布、压力分布、壁面剪应力分布及流动分离情况。几何形状及边界条件均模拟相应的脉动流实验模型。采用测得的随时间变化的速度分布作为入口端条件,并利用罚函数和逆风格式等计算技巧得出了光滑的与实验基本相符的速度、压力波形。本文讨论了不同狭窄下速度、压力、壁面剪应力的分布形态,给出了脉动流中狭窄处局部流动分离的间歇性变化规律,并结合实验与临床应用进行了讨论。  相似文献   

2.
弯曲动脉的血流动力学数值分析   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
利用计算流体力学的理论和方法对弯曲动脉中的血流动力学进行数值分析,是研究心血管疾病流体动力学机理的一种行之有效的方法。本文将升主动脉、主动脉弓和降主动脉联系起来作为弯曲动脉几何模型,给出了血液流动的边界条件以及计算条件。根据生理脉动流条件,对狗的弯曲动脉几何模型内发展中的血液流动进行了有限元数值模拟,并利用可视化方法对血液流动的轴向速度、二次流、壁面切应力等计算结果进行了分析。研究结果表明,在弯管内侧壁处,同时存在主流方向和二次流方向的回流,此处容易形成涡流。弯管内侧壁比外侧壁的壁面切应力具有更强的脉动性。  相似文献   

3.
血流动力学数值模拟与动脉粥样硬化研究进展   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
血流动力学因素被认为与动脉粥样硬化等病理改变密切相关。目前血流动力学数值模拟的对象,主要集中于分支动脉、弯曲动脉以及因血管内膜增生而导致的局部狭窄动脉,这些都是动脉粥样硬化多发的病灶部位。精确的血流动力学数值模拟,必须依赖于解剖精确的血管几何模型和生理真实的血流与管壁有限变形的非线性瞬态流-固耦合。只有在“虚拟血液流动”的基础上,综合考虑血管内的壁面剪应力、粒子滞留时间和氧气的跨血管壁传输等多种因素,血流动力学的数值模拟才能真正有助于人们理解动脉粥样硬化的血流动力学机理,才有可能应用于有关动脉疾病的外科手术规划中。  相似文献   

4.
利用非平衡分子动力学模拟方法, 模拟了两无限大平行平板组成的纳米通道内的库埃特流动, 并给出了壁面润湿性和速度对流场密度、速度分布及壁面滑移的影响规律.数值模拟中, 统计系综采用微正则系综, 势能函数选用LJ/126模型, 壁面设为刚性原子壁面, 温度校正使用速度定标法, 牛顿运动方程的求解则采用文莱特算法.结果表明, 纳米通道内流体密度呈对称的衰减振荡分布, 且随壁面润湿性的降低, 振荡幅度减小, 振荡周期保持不变;滑移量随壁面润湿性的提高而降低, 甚至在亲水壁面时出现负滑移现象;随壁面速度的增加滑移速度逐渐增大, 且在流体呈现非线性流动阶段其增幅显著加大.另外, 还发现当壁面设置为超疏水性时, 壁面滑移呈现出随润湿性降低而减小的反常现象, 并基于杨氏方程对其进行了解释.  相似文献   

5.
应用计算流体动力学方法对人体在循环呼吸模式下口喉模型内的气流运动特性进行数值模 拟,分析了循环呼吸模式下口喉模型内的气流组织形式以及气流运动对呼吸道壁面以及气溶 胶运动沉积的影响. 吸气阶段,在咽部外壁和声门下游气管上部外壁气流发生分离,形成分 离区. 呼气阶段,分别在咽部外壁和喉部外壁形成高速区. 循环呼吸模式下,咽部、喉部与 气管内的高轴向速度区和二次涡流运动均是在呼吸过程中间歇性的产生,形成的高剪应力区 也是间歇性的. 壁面受到的剪应力周期性地改变方向,引起壁面劳损和组织损伤的可能性增 大,同时在这些部位容易造成气溶胶的沉积.  相似文献   

6.
用管轴流速确定动脉中血液振荡流的速度剖面   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
本文通过求解圆管内血液振荡流的基本方程,求得圆管内血液流的速度与压力梯度之间的关系式,文章提出一种利用管轴外流速计算管内压力梯度,进而确定血液振荡流动速度分布的方法,该方法用于检测活体血管内血液振荡流的速度剖面,具有操作简单,精度较高的优点,最后,以人体颈动脉为例,讨论血液周期振荡流的速度分布特征,发现在任意时刻,除了邻近管壁速度迅速降为零之外,沿管截面速度分布相当均匀,呈现出与定常流不同的速度分布特征。  相似文献   

7.
90°弯管内流动的理论模型及流动特性的数值研究   总被引:27,自引:0,他引:27  
从三维不可压缩雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方程出发,对90°弯曲管道内湍流流动进行数值模拟。网格划分采用六面体网格,湍流模型为RNGk-ε模型,在近壁区采用两层壁面模型进行修正,流场的计算结果与实验数据吻合较好。在此基础上,本文数值研究了来流方向对流场结构和流动特性的影响。得出在弯管流场中发生了分离现象,且随着来流侧滑角的增大,分离区范围增大。此外,随着来流从同一侧滑角变换至同一攻角时,横截面的二次流图像中也从具有两个对称主涡变成只具有一个主涡的现象。  相似文献   

8.
采用二维大涡模拟方法进行了空腔水流场的数值计算, 考察空腔前缘动量损失厚度及来流速度等因素如何影响空腔流的振荡, 同时考察了空腔长深比与空腔流振荡模式的关系. 用空腔水流场的粒子图像测速测量结果验证了数值计算的可信性.结果表明, 空腔水流是否发生振荡取决于壁面摩擦速度.瞬时涡结构和空腔阻力系数2个方面的特征显示空腔水流场有2种典型的振荡模式, 剪切层模式与尾流模式, 确定振荡模式的关键因素是空腔长深比.  相似文献   

9.
Maxwell流体管内起动流的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对Maxwell流体流体管内起动流的振荡特性进行研究,得到了描述振荡特性的解析解。研究了黏弹性参数对各时刻速度剖面的影响,获得了轴心速度,平均速度和壁面摩擦力随时间的变化规律以及它们的频率特征。结果表明振荡的基频成分决定了流动的主要特性,给出了并分析了基频频率与振幅和黏弹性参数之间的关系。  相似文献   

10.
王山山 《江苏力学》1997,(13):55-61
应用电化学方法,对动脉模型T形分叉部位流场壁面剪应力进行测试研究。测试了以于现有理论分析和数值部都比较困难的高雷数流动流场壁面剪应力,并且对若干不同雷诺数及不同支管分流情况进行了系列测试。通过实验发现,此部位同时存在主煎应力和低剪应力区,确定了它们的位置和剪应力的大小。系列测试不显示:随着雷诺数的变化,无量纲剪应力有一定的变化,而当支管分流变化时,无量纲煎应力的变化很明显。  相似文献   

11.
窦部对称狭窄对颈动脉内流场影响的数值研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
以颈动脉分岔血管为例,采用数值方法研究了窦部环缩狭窄之后的流场分布情况,并和正 常血管情况下的流场分布进行了比较. 结果表明,采用环缩方式给颈动脉分岔血管施加对称 的狭窄改变了颈动脉窦内流场,特别是壁面剪应力的分布规律. 低剪应力区出现在狭窄段之 后的窦内,并且沿整个周向均匀分布. 根据低剪应力和动脉粥样硬化的关系,指出: 若人为地给颈动脉窦内施加对称狭窄,则脂质沉积将在狭窄下游的窦内沿周向轴对称 发展. 为了更真实地反映颈动脉窦内的狭窄,建议根据动脉血管中的实际狭窄情况,采用非 对称的狭窄分布模式.  相似文献   

12.
本文求解局部缓慢扩张动脉管中血液振荡流的基本方程,得到血管内血液的流速与压力梯度的关系。通过导出压力梯度沿局部扩张管轴向的变化特性。建立利用扩张段上游血管均匀段中心流速波形确定局部扩张管中血液流的速度和切应力分布的方法,文章以人体颈动脉余弦扩张为例进行分析。详细讨论了局部扩张对血管壁切应力及其梯度分布的影响。数值结果表明,在与刚性均匀管中管壁切应力沿轴向保持不变不同,在局部扩张段,管壁切应力将随着血管半径的增大而减小,因而管壁切应力梯度一般不为零,甚至在某些位置达到相当大的数值。另外,随着血管扩张程度的增加,管壁切应力还将进一步减小,而且管壁切应力梯度也将进一步增大,血管扩张导致管壁切应力的这些变化将直接影响血管壁的结构和功能,使其产生适应性的变化。  相似文献   

13.
Hemodynamic forces within the human carotid artery are well known to play a key role in the initiation and progression of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. The degree and extent of the disease largely depends on the prevailing three-dimensional flow structure and wall shear stress (WSS) distribution. This work presents tomographic PIV (Tomo-PIV) measurements of the flow structure and WSS in a physiologically accurate model of the human carotid artery bifurcation. The vascular geometry is reconstructed from patient-specific data and reproduced in a transparent flow phantom to demonstrate the feasibility of Tomo-PIV in a complex three-dimensional geometry. Tomographic reconstruction is performed with the multiplicative line-of-sight (MLOS) estimation and simultaneous multiplicative algebraic reconstruction (SMART) technique. The implemented methodology is validated by comparing the results with Stereo-PIV measurements in the same facility. Using a steady flow assumption, the measurement error and RMS uncertainty are directly inferred from the measured velocity field. It is shown that the measurement uncertainty increases for increasing light sheet thickness and increasing velocity gradients, which are largest near the vessel walls. For a typical volume depth of 6 mm (or 256 pixel), the analysis indicates that the velocity derived from 3D cross-correlation can be measured within ±2% of the maximum velocity (or ±0.2 pixel) near the center of the vessel and within ±5% (±0.6 pixel) near the vessel wall. The technique is then applied to acquire 3D-3C velocity field data at multiple axial locations within the carotid artery model, which are combined to yield the flow field and WSS in a volume of approximately 26 mm × 27 mm × 60 mm. Shear stress is computed from the velocity gradient tensor and a method for inferring the WSS distribution on the vessel wall is presented. The results indicate the presence of a complex and three-dimensional flow structure, with regions of flow separation and strong velocity gradients. The WSS distribution is markedly asymmetric confirming a complex swirling flow structure within the vessel. A comparison of the measured WSS with Stereo-PIV data returns an acceptable agreement with some differences in stress magnitude.  相似文献   

14.
刚性圆管中血液周期振荡流的切应力分布   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
刘宝玉  柳兆荣 《力学季刊》2002,23(3):293-301
本文通过求解圆管内血液振荡流的基本方程,求得圆管内血液流的压力梯度与切应力之间的关系式。在此基础上,详细讲座了圆管中轴向流速和切变率谐波的变化规律,指出流速谐波和切变率谐波的幅值都将随着谐波次数的增大而逐渐减小。为了使所得结果便于应用。文章通过管轴向中心线流速与压力梯度之间的关系式,进一步给出一种利用管轴向中心线流速计算管内切应力分布的简便方法。该方法用于检测活体血管内血液振荡流的切应力分布,具有操作简单,精度较高的优点。最后,以人体颈动脉为例,讨论血液周期振荡流的切应力的分布特性。发现在任意时刻,除了邻近管壁处切应力急剧增大到一定数值之外,沿管截面切应力分布相当均匀且接近于零,呈现出与定常流不同的切应力分布特征。  相似文献   

15.
Flow dynamics plays an important role in the pathogenesis and treatment of cerebral aneurysms. The temporal and spatial variations of wall shear stress in the aneurysm are hypothesized to be correlated with its growth and rupture. In addition, the assessment of the velocity field in the aneurysm dome and neck is important for the correct placement of endovascular coils. This work describes the flow dynamics in a patient‐specific model of carotid artery with a saccular aneurysm under Newtonian and non‐Newtonian fluid assumptions. The model was obtained from three‐dimensional rotational angiography image data and blood flow dynamics was studied under physiologically representative waveform of inflow. The three‐dimensional continuity and momentum equations for incompressible and unsteady laminar flow were solved with a commercial software using non‐structured fine grid with 283 115 tetrahedral elements. The intra‐aneurysmal flow shows complex vortex structure that change during one pulsatile cycle. The effect of the non‐Newtonian properties of blood on the wall shear stress was important only in the arterial regions with high velocity gradients, on the aneurysmal wall the predictions with the Newtonian and non‐Newtonian blood models were similar. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

16.
Numerical Simulation of the Flow in the Carotid Bifurcation   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Pulsatile flow through the three-dimensional carotid artery bifurcation has been studied using the artificial-compressibility method. The part of the flow with large inertia bifurcates and creates a very steep velocity gradient on the divider walls. The flow near the nondivider walls slows down because of dilation of the cross section and strong adverse pressure gradient. The secondary flow in the bifurcation region, which is similar to the Dean vortex in a curved pipe, is strong and very complex. The region of separation is not closed for the cases of steady and pulsatile flow. The extent of this region is small and the streamlines are smooth except in the decelerating phase of systole. The change of common-internal bifurcation angle (25°± 15°) for fixed internal–external bifurcation angle of 50° has more effect on the shear on the bifurcation-internal carotid wall and less effect on the shear on the common-internal carotid wall. The mean wall shears are not sensitive to the input flow-rate waveform for constant mean flow, but the maximum wall shears are. Received 3 January 1997 and accepted 11 April 1997  相似文献   

17.
Both clinical and post mortem studies indicate that, in humans, the carotid sinus of the carotid artery bifurcation is one of the favored sites for the genesis and development of atherosclerotic lesions. Hemodynamic factors have been suggested to be important in atherogenesis. To understand the correlation between atherogenesis and fluid dynamics in the carotid sinus, the blood flow in artery was simulated numerically. In those studies, the property of blood was treated as an incompressible, Newtonian fluid. In fact, however, the blood is a complicated non-Newtonian fluid with shear thinning and viscoelastic properties, especially when the shear rate is low. A variety of non-Newtonian models have been applied in the numerical studies. Among them, the Casson equation was widely used. However, the Casson equation agrees well only when the shear rate is less than 10 s-1. The flow field of the carotid bifurcation usually covers a wide range of shear rate. We therefore believe that it may not be sufficient to describe the property of blood only using the Casson equation in the whole flow field of the carotid bifurcation. In the present study, three different blood constitutive models, namely, the Newtonian, the Casson and the hybrid fluid constitutive models were used in the flow simulation of the human carotid bifurcation. The results were compared among the three models. The results showed that the Newtonian model and the hybrid model had verysimilar distributions of the axial velocity, secondary flow and wall shear stress, but the Casson model resulted in significant differences in these distributions from the other two models. This study suggests that it is not appropriate to only use the Casson equation to simulate the whole flow field of the carotid bifurcation, and on the other hand, Newtonian fluid is a good approximation to blood for flow simulations in the carotid artery bifurcation.  相似文献   

18.
In this work, the wall shear stress and the mass transfer coefficient of the gas–liquid two-phase upward slug flow in a vertical pipe are investigated experimentally, using limiting diffusion current probes and digital high-speed video system. In experiments, the instantaneous and averaged characteristics of wall shear stress and mass transfer coefficient are concerned. The experimental results are compared with the numerical results in previous paper of the authors. Both experiment and numerical simulation show that the superficial gas and liquid velocities have an obvious influence on the instantaneous characteristics of the two profiles. The mass transfer coefficient has characteristics similar to the wall shear stress. The instantaneous wall shear stress and mass transfer coefficient profiles have the periodicity of slug flow. The averaged wall shear stress and mass transfer coefficient increase with increased superficial gas velocity. However, there is inconsistency in the variation trends of the averaged wall shear stress and mass transfer coefficient with superficial liquid velocity between experimental result and numerical simulation result, which can be attributed to the difference in flow condition. Moreover, the Taylor bubble length is also another impacting factor. The experimental and numerical results all shows that the product scale can not be damaged directly by the flow movement of slug flow. In fact, the alternative forces and fluctuations with high frequency acting on the pipe wall due to slug flow is the main cause for the slug flow enhanced CO2 corrosion process.  相似文献   

19.
A new extended inner scaling is proposed for the wall layer of wall-bounded flows under the influence of both wall shear stress and streamwise pressure gradient. This scaling avoids problems of the classical wall coordinates close to flow separation and reattachment. Based on the proposed extended velocity and length scales a universal nondimensional family of velocity profiles is derived for the viscous region in the vicinity of a wall that depend on wall distance and a parameter α quantifying the importance of the streamwise pressure gradient with respect to the wall shear stress in the momentum balance. The performance of the proposed extended scaling is investigated in two different flow fields, a separating and reattaching turbulent boundary layer and a turbulent flow over a periodic arrangement of smoothly contoured hills. Both flows are results of highly resolved direct numerical simulation (DNS). The results show that the viscous assumptions are valid up to about two extended wall units. If the profiles are scaled by the extended inner coordinates, they seem to behave in a universal way. This gives rise to the hope that a universal behavior of velocity profiles can be found in the proposed extended inner coordinates even beyond the validity of the extended viscous law of the wall.   相似文献   

20.
动脉瘤内流场以及瘤体尺寸的影响的数值研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用计算流体动力学(CFD)数值模拟的方法,在周期性脉动速度入流条件下,建立刚性动脉瘤模型并研究了动脉瘤模型中流场的特征(速度、压力、壁面剪切应力)。得到了脉动入流一个周期内流场特征的变化规律,发现动脉瘤的后端有相当高的压力和壁面剪切应力,而且高压力和壁面剪切应力分布的位置几乎是固定的。探讨了不同动脉瘤尺寸对内部流场的影响,动脉瘤的直径与瘤体长度之比越大,瘤壁承受的剪切应力就越大,动脉瘤破裂的危险性就越高。  相似文献   

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