2000m^3在役压力容器应力状况分析

本文报道了钢制2000m^3球罐实际运行一年后的应力状况,对球罐的残余应力及工作应力进行了现场测试,发现球罐虽经过整体热处理,但局部残余应力仍较高等问题,并进行了对比分析。     

2000m~3在役压力容器应力状况分析

本文报道了钢制 2 0 0 0 m3球罐实际运行一年后的应力状况 ,对球罐的残余应力及工作应力进行了现场测试 ,发现球罐虽经过整体热处理 ,但局部残余应力仍较高等问题 ,并进行了对比分析 .     

压力机焊接残余应力的状态分析

对 ２０００ｋ Ｎ 及 １５００ｋ Ｎ 压力机焊后残余应力状态进行了测试分析,并对用振动法和热处理两种方法进行消除残余应力的效果进行了现场测试及对比分析。     

接合残余应力在界面端的应力奇异性

接合残余应力对异种接合材料强度的影响很大，正确地分析接合残余应力在界面端附近的分布及其奇异特性，是研究异材强度评价方法的关键问题之一，本文利用弹性学中的Ｇｏｕｒｓａｔ公式和有关微分方程解的理论，求得了平面近似下的界面端附近的残余应力场及其应力奇异性，与单纯的外力作用时的情况不同，残余应力在界面端有可能出现对数型的应力奇异性，并且不能仅用Ｄｕｎｄｅｒｓ的异材参数来描述。     

基于轮廓法测量钛合金激光熔覆中的残余应力

由于激光熔覆过程中有温度变化快、局部温度梯度大和伴随固液相快速转化等特性，在熔池和热影响区会产生很大的残余应力和变形，不利于金属增材制造和局部修复的精确可控。本文对Ti-6Al-4V(TC4)合金开展激光熔覆实验，采用轮廓法测量了激光熔覆所产生的残余应力；通过三维热力耦合有限元模型计算了温度场和残余应力场，仿真计算结果与轮廓法测量的残余应力趋势一致。结果表明，残余应力在熔覆位置有最大拉伸应力，随着远离焊缝急剧变成压缩应力并逐渐减小。上述工作有利于研究熔覆过程中的温度分布规律及残余应力的生成机制，可为熔覆过程的工艺控制提供参考。     

膨胀管残余应力测试

膨胀管残余应力是影响膨胀管抗外挤、内压强度的重要因素之一。确定膨胀管的残余应力,测试方法至关重要。在常用测试方法中,机械测量法中的盲孔法体现出测试的优越性。应用盲孔法测试J55、K55两种规格膨胀管的残余应力,并根据实际测试的应力水平和实验误差,采用应变释放系数分级法对试验结果进行修正,以提高测试结果的精度。实验结果表明,膨胀管膨胀后存在环向、轴向的残余应力,且外表面总是压残余应力。将实验结果与仿真结果对比,误差满足工程要求,说明盲孔法测试膨胀管残余应力方便、快捷、准确、有效。     

高压气瓶工艺残余应力测试和分析

用X射线及磁记忆两种方法对压缩天然气的高压气瓶应力状态进行了系统分析,对一个气瓶整体制造工艺中的残余应力变化用X射线法进行了跟踪检测。考察了气瓶锻造后、淬火后及回火后外表面的残余应力状况,对相同测点进行了三次应力测试。为准确找到测点位置并寻求两种方法之间关系,在每次应力测试之前,均用金属磁记忆方法进行了先期检测。结果表明:锻造后应力水平不高,但磁记忆曲线有小幅波动,显示应力不均匀;淬火后表面具有较大压应力,最大达到0.86σS,且磁场亦有较大变化,个别点有明显应力集中;回火处理有效地消除了淬火残余应力,最大值小于0.17σS,应力均匀化,磁记忆曲线几乎无波动,效果良好。而从定量角度,残余应力和磁记忆两者之间没有明确的对应关系。对于磁记忆所显示的磁场强度变化处,用X射线法进行残余应力测试,结果并没有显示出较高的应力水平。说明两种方法不可互相替代,但以其各自的特点和优势可做互相补充。     

整体化复合材料结构残余应力实验研究

通过钻孔法测试了T型整体化复合材料结构件在不同固化工艺方案下的残余应力,并研究了多墙类加筋壁板的腹板和蒙皮的残余应力分布,以及不同钻孔深度对结构件内部残余应力测试结果的影响。研究结果表明:共固化方式下产生的残余应力要小于胶结共固化方式下的残余应力。     

抽油杆表面感应淬火引起的残余应力

本文讨论了抽油杆通过感应线圈和水冷装置时的温度场和由温度场引起的相变。在有限元计算中，通过与实验数据对比，认为考虑温度对弹性模量有影响的计算模型更合理，并用此模型计算了由温度和相变共同作用的弹塑性应力场，及最终的残余应力。结果表明淬火层超过一定厚度后，残余应力分布的合理性降低；淬火前抽油杆的强度与残余应力的大小关系较弱。     

铰孔和疲劳对冷挤压孔周残余应力的影响

应用干涉云纹测量了冷胀孔周残余应力分布，并用实验方法研究了铰孔和疲劳对残余应力的影响。介绍了测试技术和原理，提供了典型的实验结果，并讨论了误差原因     

X射线法测试1500m^3乙烯球罐焊接残余应力的现场应用

本文应用Ｘ射线应力仪对ＣＦ－６２钢制乙烯球罐焊接残余应力进行了现场测量，解决了大型球罐的残余应力现场测试过程中的技术问题，结果表明焊后残余应力水平较高而热处理效果良好     

卫星用复合材料压力容器力学特性研究

为了研究航天复合材料压力容器内衬与复合材料双层壳体的力学特性,通过优化复合材料网格理论算法,针对钛合金内衬(TC4)/碳纤维(T1000GB)缠绕柱形复合材料压力容器进行了应力应变特性分析.以纤维预紧应力为自变量,研究其对内衬/纤维双层壳体在预紧压力、工作压力、验证压力和爆破压力下应力的影响,提出了优化设计的解析解法,指出内衬与复合层力学特性对容器性能的影响机理,为结构设计和同类产品设计提供了计算方法和理论指导.     

Experimental study of gas deflagration temperature distribution and its measurement

Explosion temperature is one of the main factors in combustible gas explosion accidents. Despite all this, this problem has not yet received considerable attention, especially few fundamental data related to the temperature distribution of gas explosions in closed vessels in literatures. According to characteristics of gas deflagrations, this work developed a gas explosion temperature measurement system whose response time to temperature is approximate 10 μs. By using this system, an experimental study was carried out which is concerned with the deflagration temperature distribution of premixed methane-air mixtures in the 20 L spherical vessel with a diameter of 168 mm. Experimental results show that temperatures on or near the wall are obviously lower than those in the center part of the vessel and there is a conspicuous gradient from the wall to the center part of the vessel. In the inside of the vessel, the deflagration temperature of premixed methane-air mixtures near the ignition spot at the center of the vessel can approximately reach 1200 °C, while near the wall, only 300 °C. This result throws a light on the specific regularity of gas temperature distribution near the boundary. It is possible to provide an important basis for understanding the general characteristics of gas deflagrations in closed vessels as well as choosing good measurement designs. Otherwise, if the ignition is located in the geometrical center of the spherical vessel, velocity of the flame increases with the distance away from the center inside the vessel, and when the flame arrives at the inner wall, this velocity descend sharply.     

An experimental study of thermal stress in porous materials by methods of holography and photoelasticity

In heat-loaded structures of energy equipment at the moment of crisis of heat exchange in working elements, the ultimate state of the material occurs. Thermal stresses were studied experimentally in a bulk porous material with a groove on the surface with a view to finding out the distribution of deformations and thermal stresses due to the location of the heat source. It appeared efficient to apply optical methods. Using holographic interferometry, a pattern of distribution of thermal deformations over the surface of the specimens was obtained. Using the photoelastic method to investigate a grooved porous structure, a physical pattern of the distribution of thermal stresses inside the block and in the groove was obtained. Ways are outlined for designing and reducing the probability of occurrence of destructive cracks. A similarity is observed in the distribution of strains and stresses that indicates the interrelatedness of surface and internal processes. The application of optical methods made it possible to discover a physical pattern of destruction. The results are expected to be used in the future to investigate other porous materials.     

被动式半捷联稳定平台抗高过载结构设计

针对制导炮弹内部半捷联稳定平台在只有轴承承担高过载时，轴承容易被破坏的问题，设计一种基于对顶半球的半捷联稳定平台抗高过载结构。以半捷联稳定平台工作原理和抗高过载设计要求为基础，设计了基于对顶半球的抗高过载结构，选择所用材料，进行有限元仿真分析；最终制造出该结构并进行地面半物理试验验证。仿真与试验结果表明，半捷联稳定平台在受到高过载时，该结构能起到有效的防护作用，大大减小了轴承的轴向受力，保证了轴承的正常运转，可以确保稳定平台的有效测量。惯性测量系统稳定可靠工作时所承受的过载可达11 000g，具有一定的工程应用价值。     

超高压装置的研制及润滑油压缩率测试研究

设计了测量液体压缩率的超高压试验装置。采用自制的传感器测量了超高压腔体内的压力和动密封部件与超高压腔体间的摩擦压力。发现该摩擦压力约为超高压腔实际工作压力的３０％;用差分测量法可消除密封部件和试验装置弹性变形对测量结果的影响;同时测量了几种润滑油的体积压缩率,并用２个数学模型对试验数据进行了处理,消除了系统误差,给出了压缩炫与压力的关系式。结果表明,超高压试验装置结构合理,密封可靠,测试方法先进,     

One-way coupled fluid–structure interaction of gas–liquid slug flow in a horizontal pipe: Experiments and simulations

Pipelines conveying a multiphase mixture must withstand the cyclic induced stresses that occur due to the alternating motion of gas pockets and liquid slugs. Few previous studies have considered gas–liquid slug flow and the associated fluid–structure interaction problems. In this study, experimental and numerical techniques were adopted to simulate and analyze the two-phase slug flow and the associated stresses in the pipe structure. In the numerical simulation, a one-way coupled fluid–structure framework was developed to explore the slug flow interaction with a horizontal pipe assembly under various superficial gas and liquid velocities. A modified Volume of Fluid and finite element methods were utilized to model the fluid and structure domains. The file-based coupling technique was adopted to execute the coupling mechanism. By contrast, slug characteristics were measured experimentally, while Bi-axial strain gauges were used to capture time-varying strain signals. Excellent agreements between the predicted and measured stress results were achieved with a maximum error of 10.2 %. It was found that at constant superficial liquid velocity, the maximum induced stresses on the pipe wall increased with increasing the slug length and slug velocity. While for the slug frequency, the maximum principal stresses decreased with increasing the slug frequency.     

压力容器斜接管区域应力状态的实验研究

压力容器接管区域应力场的获得是压力容器强度分析和结构设计的基础。本文采用实验研究的方法,对压力容器斜接管区域的应力状态进行分析研究。根据实验研究的目的,按照工程设计标准设计、制造了一台大型带有两个斜接管压力容器的实验模型,进行了实验方案设计,采用电测法进行了容器斜接管区域的应力测试,在实验数据科学、合理处理的基础上,获得了容器斜接管区域的应力状态和分布规律。实验研究结果表明,容器斜接管锐角侧、钝角侧和相贯线最低点都存在着较大的局部应力,且锐角侧的局部应力数值最大,但是相贯线上的局部应力影响范围较小。     

An investigation of the use of strain gages to measure welding-induced residual stresses

The measurement of weld-induced residual stress is important in structures that are subjected to cyclic loading during their service life. Depending on their magnitude, stresses can influence the rate of crack growth under cyclic loading and hence affect the life of the structure. Because the level of residual stress may change during service, measurement of these changes is necessary for accurate life prediction of the structures. The measurement of welding-induced residual stress using strain gages poses significant problems, the most important being the potential damage to the gages by high temperatures generated in the welding process. This laboratory study was undertaken to assess the suitability and signal stability of commercially available resistive strain gages for the measurement of postweld residual stresses in a submarine hull structure. Adhesively bonded and weldable-type strain gages were attached to the surface of a 35 mm thick steel plate, which was then subjected to thermal cycles similar to those encountered during welding construction of a submarine pressure hull. This paper describes the strain gage application procedure, changes in the strain gage output at end of each experimental stage and the history of changes in the residual stress.