Mesure des modules de rigidité de torsion et de cisaillement de matériaux souples

A specific machine test to measure the shear modulus in the plane and the twisting rigidity of flowing materials, is developed. This machine is tested on samples with known material properties (brass, paper); results obtained on textile samples are then reported.     

Comportement thermomécanique de l'argile de Boom

Special attention has been recently paid on temperature effects on the behaviour of deep saturated clays, in relation with nuclear deep waste storage. However, few experimental data are presently available, and existing constitutive models need to be completed. This note is aimed at completing, both experimentally and theoretically, the understanding of the effects of the overconsolidation ratio on the thermal volume changes of Boom clay (Belgium). The experimental data obtained here are in a good agreement with existing data. As a complement to existing data, they are used to develop a new elastoplastic model. The adoption of a second coupled plastic mechanism provides good simulations on a complex thermo-mechanical path.     

Fonction de distribution pour les gaz polyatomiques dans la couche de Knudsen. Solution approchée de l'équation de Boltzmann

Polyatomic gases in strong non equilibrium vibrational state are studied in the Knudsen layer. A kinetic equation is derived from the Boltzmann equation for a stationary gas without macroscopic velocity. The simplification are basically deduced from the order of magnitude of adimmensional gradient terms. The approximate solution of this equation is deduced from a recurrent algorithm on the adimensional space variable power. Furthermore, the boundary condition allows us to obtain density and temperature jumps at the wall.     

Modèles discrets de structures tissées : Analyse de stabilité et de drapé

A discrete model of a woven fabric structure is established, whereby nodes endowed with a mass and a rotational rigidity are connected by rigid bars to form a two-dimensional truss. The set of four bars that delineate a quadrilateral area is further endowed with a torsion deformation mode. The kinematics of the truss reproduces the large rotations and displacements encountered for real tissues. The equilibrium shape of such a structure is obtained as the minimum of its total potential energy versus the whole set of kinematic translational and rotational variables, accounting for eventual kinematic constraints due to contact with a rigid surface by the Lagrange multipliers method. A stability analysis is conducted, and the potentiality of the model is illustrated by fabric draping simulations. To cite this article: B. Ben Boubaker et al., C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 871–877.     

Taux de restitution de l'énergie pour une poutre courbe mince

Let a thin two-dimensional domain be in a plane strains state. It is made of two materials separated by a regular curvilinear interface along of which a crack is assumed to propagate. The expression of the energy release rate is derived in local coordinates using the so-called θ-method. It is shown that there are complementary terms related to the derivation of the local metric.     

Structure et Comportement Rhéologique des Plastisols de Chlorure de Polyvinyle

Résumé La viscosité de différents plastisols de chlorure de polyvinyle a été déterminée en fonction du gradient de vitesse et de la température. Le comportement rhéologique est interprété sur la base de la théorie de la stabilité des systèmes colloïdaux dispersés en milieu non-aqueux.

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Zusammenfassung Die Viskosität der verschiedensten Plastisole von Polyvinylchlorid wurde in Abhängigkeit von Geschwindigkeitsgradient und Temperatur gemessen. Das rheologische Verhalten wird auf der Basis der Theorie der Stabilität kolloider Dispersionen im nichtwäßrigen Lösungsmittel interpretiert.

     

Représentation de la ligne de contact mobile dans les équations de la mécanique des fluides

Although the contact angle at equilibrium has a well understood theory for the case of flat homogeneous solid surfaces, the displacement of the contact line is still not well understood. We propose to introduce in the dynamics of the contact line a mobility relation between the deviation of the contact angle out of its equilibrium value and the speed of the line on the solid. When the line slides on the solid thanks to an evaporation/condensation process, this introduces a dynamical Arrhenius factor that may be sufficiently small to make the mobility of the contact line the limiting factor of the dynamics in many physical situations. Then, the shape of the liquid/vapor interface will be in quasi equilibrium giving a contact angle that will define ultimately the speed of the contact line.     

Modélisation de l'effet de portance dans un écoulement à bulles

We propose here a lift coefficient modeling in a turbulent bubbly boundary layer under the assumption of bidimensional stationary and vertical upward fully developed flow. The basic frame of this approach is to consider that the volumetric flux of bubbles is composed of the convective flux by the liquid, the contribution by the gravitational field and those of the lift force and the bubble dispersion terms. A discussion of results completes this study.     

Effet de la rugosité sur un fluide laminaire avec conditions de Fourier

The effect of tiny asperities covering a wall on a flow governed by Stokes equations with Fourier boundary conditions is investigated. We calculate the limit flow and we give estimates of the deviations of the drag, velocity field and pressure, in terms of the size ε of the asperities. In the particular case of a plate, the limit drag is larger than the drag of the smooth wall, in contrast with the situation found for Dirichlet boundary conditions.     

Variation de la vitesse de propagation d'ondes ultrasoniques au cours du passage de l'état liquide à l'état solide

Résumé Une étude théorique de la vitesse de propagation des ondes ultrasoniques dans les liquides et solides rend plausible l'hypothèse que l'évolution de l'état liquide à l'état solide doit être accompagnée d'une variation de la vitesse de propagation des ondes ultrasoniques.Il résulte des essais d'orientation relatés dans ce mémoire que la variation de la vitesse de propagation des ondes ultrasoniques est susceptible de caractériser la vitesse de passage de l'état liquide à l'état solide d'une matière ou d'un matériau.La méthode est applicable dans un domaine étendu et est sensible même assez loin du point de solidification. Elle se prête à l'étude du processus de l'évolution de la solidification des suspensions, des solutions, des matériaux organiques à longue chaîne, etc.

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Zusammenfassung Die theoretische Überlegung über die Geschwindigkeit der Ausbreitung von Ultraschallwellen in Flüssigkeiten und festen Körpern kann die Hypothese angenommen werden, daß die Umwandlung vom flüssigen in den festen Zustand von einer Geschwindigkeitsänderung der Ultraschallwellen begleitet wird.Aus den in diesem Bericht gebrachten Einführungsversuchen ergibt sich, daß die Variation der Ausbreitung von Ultraschallwellen dazu geeignet ist, die Umwandlungsgeschwindigkeit der Materialien von flüssigem in festen Zustand zu bewerten.Die Methode ist in einem weitem Bereiche brauchbar und ist auch weit vom Erstarrungspunkt empfindlich. Sie kann angewendet werden, um den Erstarrungsprozeß von Suspensionen, Lösungen und organischen Stoffen zu untersuchen.

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Ingénieur des constructions civiles. Docteur spécial en connaissance des matériaux. Agrégé près la Faculté des Sciences Appliquées de l'Université de Liège (Belgique).     

Analyse mathématique de l'équation de Galbrun en écoulement uniforme

We consider Galbrun's equation, used in linear aeroacoustics. For a simple case (rigid duct with uniform flow) in the time harmonic regime, we show that an approach based on a regularized variational formulation of the problem ensures the convergence of a nodal finite-element method.     

Evaluation de la fraction volumique locale de la phase solide dans un écoulement diphasique

Local particle volume fraction measurements in two-phase flows are rare. Generally, the concentration is supposed to be spatially homogeneous in the sedimentation flows fundamental experiments. This is far to be realistic in regimes different from Stokes' regime, particularly near the walls. This paper compares two methods of evaluation of the volume fraction in a three-dimensional two-phase flow.     

Étude numérique des instabilités de la phase fluide et de l'interface de solidification en croissance dirigée horizontale

Convective instabilities of low Prandtl number fluids are subject to various studies. The purpose here is an extension to hydrodynamic transitions in the fluid phase with a free or rigid surface under phase change and to construct the corresponding bifurcation diagram. Investigations interesting the process control by using the latent heat and the solid/liquid thermal conductivity difference are considered. The solution methodology is based on a front localisation approach showing a very good ability to describe convection regimes coupled to the phase change transition in the case of vertical solidification with confinement. To cite this article: E.A. Semma et al., C. R. Mecanique 331 (2003).     

Une technique de suivi d'interfaces pour la modélisation de la cavitation par poche

A tracking method is presented for the modeling of partial and supercavitation. The velocity and pressure fields in the cavitating flow are computed by a Navier–Stokes solver using a pseudo-compressibility method. The cavity flow is computed from the velocity field by a tracking method based on a volume of fluid technique (VOF). The method is illustrated by several computations, two cases of partial cavitation on a hydrofoil and a case of a cavitating body emerging at a free surface.     

Mécanique de la rupture fragile en présence de plasticité : définition d'un taux de restitution d'énergie

This study aims at defining an energetic parameter which characterises progressive crack growth in a brittle elastoplastic medium. First, Francfort and Marigo's elastic fracture theory, based on a minimum energy principle, is recalled. Then, a link with the framework of generalised standard materials is exhibited and allows to introduce the new energetic contributions due to plasticity.     

Effet du couplage thermomécanique sur la propagation d'un front de changement de phase

Calorimetric effects related to the propagation of a phase change front in a monocrystalline shape memory alloy CuZnAl were derived from thermographic data analysis. At constant load, the displacement of the front induces a creep of the sample strongly depending on thermal exchanges with the surroundings. The main role played by the thermomechanical couplings can be pointed out by reversing the heat flux at the boundary of the sample: this leads to an inversion of the front propagation way associated with a recovery of the creep strain.     

Un théorème d'existence de solutions d'un problème de shallow water

Résumé Nous présentons un théorème d'existence de solutions d'un problème de type shallow water, en formulation hauteur-vitesse (h, u). Nous obtenons une majoration de type énergie et construisons des solutions approchées respectant cette majoration. La difficulté essentielle du passage à la limite provient de l'unique majoration connue de la hauteur h qui est du type: h et hlogh bornés dans L (0T;L ¹()). Mémoire presenté par P.-L. Lions