考虑尺度效应的微梁刚柔耦合动力学分析

不少微观实验已经证实,微尺度领域材料的力学性能存在尺度效应.文章以转动刚体、柔性微梁组成的刚柔耦合系统为研究对象,采用偶应力理论(又称Cosserat理论)研究微梁动力学特性的尺度效应,运用拉格朗日方程推导出系统考虑尺度效应的一次近似刚柔耦合动力学方程.仿真结果表明,较该文提出的一次近似耦合模型,传统的零次近似耦合模型在刚体作高速旋转时不能正确地描述微梁的动力学行为;尺度效应使微梁振动的振幅减小,频率增大.     

刚-柔耦合多体系统动力学建模与数值仿真

柔性多体系统动力学传统的混合坐标建模方法忽略了变形位移的高次耦合变形量，是一种零次近似方法，其适用范围受到限制。本文以中心刚体、柔性粱及末端质量组成的刚柔耦合系统为对象，考虑了有粘性阻尼及风阻的情况。在柔性粱的纵向变形位移中计及了横向位移引起的轴向变形，并采用有限元方法和Hamilton变分原理导出了系统的刚柔耦合一次近似的动力学方程。该方程充分计及了中心刚体的大范围运动与柔性粱的弹性变形运动的相互耦合，并采用一致的方法引入了阻尼因素。文中最后提供了一个比“动力刚化”问题更具有一般性的仿真计算反例，进一步说明了零次近似方法在处理某些刚一柔耦合动力学问题时的缺陷，同时表明了由一次近似模型可得到正确合理的结论。     

柔性体的刚-柔耦合动力学分析

对柔性梁的刚－柔耦合动力学特性进行分析，从连续介质力学理论出发，在纵向变形位移中计及了耦合变形量，用Jourdain速度变分原理导出了柔性梁的刚－柔耦合动力学方程，定量地研究了非惯性系下柔性梁的动力学性质，比较了在不同转速下零次近似模型和耦合模型的振动频率的差异。为了确定零次近似模型的适用范围，引入与转速和基点加速度有关的相关系数，提出了零次近似模型的适用判据为相关系数小于0．1。在此基础上，进一步研究在大范围运动是自由的情况下柔性梁的大范围运动和变形运动的耦合机理，计算了带平动刚体的柔性梁的大范围运动规律，揭示零次近似模型和耦合模型的刚－柔耦合动力学性质的根本差异。     

刚-柔耦合动力学系统的建模理论研究

刚－柔耦合动力学系统的传统的混合坐标方法是零次近似方法,在建模过程中,直接套用的结构动力学的小变形假设,忽略了变形位移的高次耦合变形量．本文对柔性梁建立较零次近似更精确的高次耦合动力学模型,从连续介质力学理论出发,在变形位移中,计及横向位移引起的轴向缩短,导出变形位移的二次耦合量．用一致质量有限元方法对梁进行离散,基于Jourdain速度变分原理导出大范围运动为自由的柔性梁的刚－柔耦合动力学方程．计算了柔性重力摆的角速度和摆端点的横向变形,揭示零次近似模型和耦合模型的刚－柔耦合动力学性质的根本差异．     

矩形薄板的刚柔耦合动力学系统的建模理论研究

以由中心刚体与柔性板构成的刚柔耦合系统为对象,研究了零次近似模型和耦合模型在动力学方程以及实际计算中表现出来的差异.首先,从连续介质理论出发,在变形位移中,计及了在结构动力学中被忽略的变形位移的附加耦合项,建立了由中心刚体与柔性板构成的刚柔耦合系统的一次近似动力学模型.用一致质量有限元法对柔性板进行离散,基于Jourdain速度变分原理推导出大范围运动为自由的柔性板刚柔耦合动力学连续变分方程.通过数值仿真研究中心刚体和柔性板的大范围运动和变形运动的规律,揭示刚柔耦合动力学性质.通过数值对比,指出了零次近似模型的局限性.     

旋转悬臂梁的刚柔耦合动力学建模与频率分析

对固结于转动刚体上外接柔性梁的刚柔耦合动力学建模和频率特性进行了研究,在精确描述柔性梁非线性变形的基础上,利用Hamilton变分原理和假设模态法,在计入柔性梁由于横向变形而引起的轴向变形二阶耦合量的条件下,推导出考虑"动力刚化"项的一次近似耦合模型。首先忽略柔性梁纵向变形的影响,给出一次近似简化模型,引入无量纲变量,对简化模型做无量纲化处理,分析梁固有频率对模态截断数的依赖性;其次研究在一次近似简化模型和零次近似简化模型下,调谐角速度与共振现象的关系;最后分析一次近似耦合模型的动力特性。研究发现,为保证计算的精度,模态截断数应随无量纲角速度的增大而增加,合理的模态截断数具有收敛值;一次近似简化模型下悬臂梁横向弯曲振动不存在共振调谐角速度,一次耦合模型下柔性梁并没有出现屈曲失稳现象。现有典型文献的相关结论是值得商榷的。     

基于径向基点插值法的旋转Mindlin板高次刚柔耦合动力学模型

将无网格径向基点插值法(radial point interpolation method, RPIM)用于中心刚体?旋转柔性板的动力学分析. 基于浮动坐标系方法和一阶剪切变形理论即Mindlin板理论, 考虑剪切变形的影响, 并计入板面内变形的非线性耦合变形项, 采用径向基点插值法描述板的变形场, 保留动能中有关非线性耦合变形项的所有高阶量, 通过构造高阶形函数避免了径向基点插值法出现剪切闭锁的现象, 建立了既能处理薄板问题又能处理中厚板问题的作大范围运动矩形板的高次刚柔耦合动力学模型. 高阶形函数可通过添加高阶多项式的方式获得, 静力学算例表明径向基点插值法中添加15项多项式可基本消除剪切闭锁. 将零次近似模型、一次近似模型和高次模型的仿真结果对比, 说明零次近似模型的缺陷, 同时说明高次模型有更广的适用范围, 可分析大变形问题. 将径向基点插值法的仿真结果与有限元法和假设模态法进行比较分析, 说明本文方法的正确性, 也表明无网格径向基点插值法作为一种柔性体离散方法在刚柔耦合多体系统动力学的研究中具有可推广性.      

A HIGH-ORDER RIGID-FLEXIBLE COUPLING MODEL OF A ROTATING FLEXIBLE BEAM UNDER LARGE DEFORMATION

对在平面内做大范围转动的中心刚体-柔性梁系统的刚柔耦合建模理论进行了深入研究,建立了系统的高次耦合动力学模型. 该动力学模型考虑了柔性梁横向弯曲变形和纵向伸长变形,且在纵向位移中计及由于横向变形而引起的纵向缩短项,即非线性耦合变形项,并保留了与非线性耦合项相关的一些高阶项,最终得到了系统的高次刚柔耦合动力学方程. 由此得到的动力学方程不仅能适用于柔性梁的小变形问题,也同样适用于大变形问题,弥补了一次近似耦合模型在处理柔性梁大变形问题上的不足. 通过与绝对节点坐标法以及一次近似耦合模型的对比验证了高次耦合模型的正确性.     

旋转功能梯度智能结构的刚-柔耦合动力学分析

基于一次耦合模型理论建立了中心刚体-压电层-功能梯度材料智能梁系统的刚柔耦合动力学模型.研究了开环状态下将压电材料作为传感器的压电效应和质量刚度效应对系统动力学特性的影响.通过仿真算例与另两种不同建模理论(传统零次近似耦合模型、一次近似耦合模型)作了对比.随着中心刚体外驱动力矩的增大,零次近似耦合模型和一次近似耦合模型计算结果逐渐发散,而本文的一次耦合模型的计算结果始终保持收敛,较其他近似耦合模型具有一定优势.对三种不同的结构的计算结果表明,压电材料的压电效应对系统的动力学特性影响显著,压电材料的质量刚度效应也会影响智能梁的动力学行为,前者比后者的影响大得多.此外,功能梯度材料功能梯度指数对系统动力学特性的影响也较大.     

中心刚体-柔性梁耦合系统离散模型的研究

采用数值仿真对由中心刚体、柔性梁组成的刚-柔耦合系统的动力学离散模型进行了研究.考虑到刚柔-耦合系统的控制方程没有精确解析解,只能寻求数值解,最广泛使用的离散方法是有限元,但其广义坐标数目过于庞大,因此本文探讨了采用经典结构动力学中不同边界的模态函数离散动边界下刚柔耦合动力学方程的可行性及各自的优劣,得到刚柔耦合系统的模态缩减规律.     

Dynamic analysis of a flexible hub-beam system with tip mass

For a dynamic system of a rigid hub and a flexible cantilever beam, the traditional hybrid coordinate model assumes the small deformation in structural dynamics where axial and transverse displacements at any point in the beam are uncoupled. This traditional hybrid coordinate model is referred as the zeroth-order approximation coupling model in this paper, which may result in divergence to the dynamic problem of some rigid–flexible coupling systems with high rotational speed. In this paper, characteristics of a flexible hub-beam system with a tip mass is studied. Based on the Hamilton theory and the finite element discretization method, and in consideration of the second-order coupling quantity of the axial displacement caused by the transverse displacement of the beam, the rigid–flexible coupling dynamic model (referred as the first-order approximation coupling (FOAC) model in this paper) and the corresponding model in non-inertial system for the flexible hub-beam system with a tip mass are presented firstly, then the dynamic characteristics of the system are studied through numerical simulations under twos cases: the large motion of the system is known and is unknown. Simulation and comparison studies using both the traditional zeroth-order model and the proposed first-order model show that even small tip mass may affect dynamic characteristics of the system significantly, which may result in the largening of vibrating amplitude and the descending of vibrating frequency of the beam, and may affect end position of the hub-beam system as well. The effect of the tip mass becomes large along with the increasing of rotating speed of large motion of the system. When the large motion of the system is at low speed, the traditional ZOAC model may lead to a large error, whereas the proposed FOAC model is valid. When the large motion is at high speed, the ZOAC model may result in divergence to the dynamic problem of the flexible hub-beam system, while the proposed second model can still accurately describe the dynamic hub-beam system.     

非惯性系下柔性悬臂梁的振动主动控制

采用变结构控制方法对非惯性系下柔性悬臂梁的振动主动控制进行研究．重点通过算例揭示一次近似模型与传统的零次近似模型的巨大差异，以及变结构方法在控制非惯性系下柔性悬臂梁的稳态振动的有效性．结果表明，当大范围旋转运动角速度较大时，传统零次近似模型不能对动力系统进行正确的数学描述；变结构控制方法能够使得非惯性系下梁的稳态振动得到完全镇定，且该方法对转动角速度变化具有较好的鲁棒性；采用零次近似模型进行控制设计的控制效果将在某一临界角速度条件下出现失效，该临界角速度值大于静止悬臂梁的基频．     

计及热应变的空间曲梁的刚-柔耦合动力学

研究带中心刚体的作大范围运动的空间曲梁的刚-柔耦合动力学.结合混合坐标法和绝对坐标法的特点,取与中心刚体大范围运动有关的变量和柔性梁各单元节点相对中心刚体连体基的位移和斜率作为广义坐标,建立了一种新的柔性梁的刚柔耦合模型.基于精确的应变和位移的关系式,根据Jourdian速度变分原理,建立了带中心刚体柔性曲梁的有限元离散的动力学方程.数值对比了空间曲梁系统和空间直梁系统的刚柔耦合动力学性质,用能量守恒规律验证了文中曲梁模型的合理性.在此基础上,在应变能中计及热应变,研究温度增高引起的曲梁的热膨胀对系统的动力学性态的影响.     

中心刚体-柔性梁系统的最优跟踪控制

对考虑阻尼影响的中心刚体-柔性梁系统的动力特性和主动控制进行研究. 研究 中考虑了3种动力学模型：一次近似耦合模型、一次近似简化模型和线性化模型. 一次近 似模型中同时考虑了柔性梁的轴向变形和横向变形. 若在一次近似耦合模型中忽略轴向变 形的影响，则可得出一次近似简化模型. 线性化模型是对一次近似简化模型的线性化处理. 另外研究中考虑了3种阻尼因素：结构阻尼、风阻、中心刚体轴承处的阻尼. 控制设计采 用最优跟踪控制方法. 给出了从物理测量中提取模态坐标的滤波器方法. 研究结果显 示，一次近似简化模型能够有效地对系统的动力学行为进行描述；阻尼对系统的动力学特 性有着重要影响；当系统大范围运动为低速时，模态滤波器能够较好地提取出控制律所需 的模态坐标，最优跟踪控制方法能够使得系统跟踪所期望的运动轨迹，并且柔性梁的弹性 振动可得到抑制.     

作大范围空间运动柔性梁的刚-柔耦合动力学

研究带中心刚体的作大范围空间运动梁的刚-柔耦合动力学问题．从精确的应变-位移关系式出发，在动力学变分方程中，考虑了横截面转动的惯性力偶和与扭转变形有关的弹性力的虚功率，用速度变分原理建立了考虑几何非线性的空间梁的刚-柔耦合动力学方程，用有限元法进行离散．通过对空间梁系统的数值仿真研究扭转变形和截面转动惯量对系统动力学性态的影响．     

Out-of-plane responses of a circular curved Timoshenko beam due to a moving load

For the cases of using the finite curved beam elements and taking the effects of both the shear deformation and rotary inertias into consideration, the literature regarding either free or forced vibration analysis of the curved beams is rare. Thus, this paper tries to determine the dynamic responses of a circular curved Timoshenko beam due to a moving load using the curved beam elements. By taking account of the effect of shear deformation and that of rotary inertias due to bending and torsional vibrations, the stiffness matrix and the mass matrix of the curved beam element were obtained from the force–displacement relations and the kinetic energy equations, respectively. Since all the element property matrices for the curved beam element are derived based on the local polar coordinate system (rather than the local Cartesian one), their coefficients are invariant for any curved beam element with constant radius of curvature and subtended angle and one does not need to transform the property matrices of each curved beam element from the local coordinate system to the global one to achieve the overall property matrices for the entire curved beam structure before they are assembled. The availability of the presented approach has been verified by both the existing analytical solutions for the entire continuum curved beam and the numerical solutions for the entire discretized curved beam composed of the conventional straight beam elements based on either the consistent-mass model or the lumped-mass model. In addition to the typical circular curved beams, a hybrid curved beam composed of one curved-beam segment and two identical straight-beam segments subjected to a moving load was also studied. Influence on the dynamic responses of the curved beams of the slenderness ratio, moving-load speed, shear deformation and rotary inertias was investigated.     

中心刚体-旋转悬臂板耦合系统碰摩动力特性解析法研究

针对大型旋转机械叶片与机壳间发生的碰摩故障，建立了中心刚体-旋转悬臂板耦合系统碰摩动力学模型，考虑了离心刚化效应，利用Hamilton原理推导出运动微分方程。基于实验和有限元分析碰摩力的结果，给出了碰摩力的近似数学表达式，得到了系统振动响应解析解，通过与文献中实验结果的对比，验证了模型及方法的准确性，讨论了叶片梁模型和薄板模型在不同点碰摩及线碰摩情况下各自的适用范围，分析了转速对碰摩动力响应的影响。结果表明：论文解析解具有较高精度；薄板模型能够更全面地反映叶片各种不同碰摩情况下的动力特性，比梁模型更准确、可靠；随着转速的增大，碰摩力导致薄板自由端幅值突变，这是引发工程中叶片掉角，甚至折断的重要原因。     

Free flapewise vibration analysis of rotating double-tapered Timoshenko beams

Free vibration analysis of a rotating double-tapered Timoshenko beam undergoing flapwise transverse vibration is presented. Using an assumed mode method, the governing equations of motion are derived from the kinetic and potential energy expressions which are derived from a set of hybrid deformation variables. These equations of motion are then transformed into dimensionless forms using a set of dimensionless parameters, such as the hub radius ratio, the dimensionless angular speed ratio, the slenderness ratio, and the height and width taper ratios, etc. The natural frequencies and mode shapes are then determined from these dimensionless equations of motion. The effects of the dimensionless parameters on the natural frequencies and modal characteristics of a rotating double-tapered Timoshenko beam are numerically studied through numerical examples. The tuned angular speed of the rotating double-tapered Timoshenko beam is then investigated.     

A simple model of the double cantilever beam crack propagation specimen

A very simple model of the double cantilever beam (dcb) dynamic crack propagation specimen is studied. The main assumption on which the model is based is that the arms of the dcb specimen deform as shear beams. The particular problem studied is the dynamic growth of a sharp crack from a blunt pre-crack with the ends of the specimen arms held at a fixed separation distance. It is demonstrated that this simple model predicts crack motion which is qualitatively consistent with the results of more detailed numerical analyses of the problem and with experimental results. The analysis employs an energy balance crack propagation criterion and both constant specific fracture energy and a class of crack speed dependent fracture energies are considered. Among the features exhibited by the model is that, for constant specific fracture energy, the crack tip speed is constant from initiation up to arrest. On the other hand, for the same geometry and loading conditions, but a strongly crack speed dependent specific fracture energy, the crack speed decreases gradually between fracture initiation and crack arrest.