钢管混凝土纯压拱失稳临界荷载计算的等效柱法

在双重非线性有限元分析的基础上,进行了钢管混凝土纯压拱失稳临界荷载的简化计算方法——等效柱法的研究,提出了等效柱法中考虑矢跨比影响的稳定系数K₁ 以及考虑初始几何缺陷影响的折减系数K₂及其与现有规范相对应的计算公式。与有限元计算结果的对比表明,采用考虑矢跨比因素的稳定系数的等效柱法能较精确地估算钢管混凝土纯压拱的非线性失稳临界荷载,且计算精度受含钢率和钢材种类变化的影响较小。     

压弯钢管拱极限承载力计算的等效梁柱法

对抛物线完善的和具有初始几何缺陷的钢管拱,应用双重非线性有限元方法,分析了其在拱顶集中力和非对称分布荷载作用下的失稳特性,提出了以GB50017-2003的轴力-弯矩相关方程为基本计算公式、采用考虑矢跨比因素的稳定系数和缺陷折减系数的等效梁柱法,与双重非线性有限元计算结果比较表明,这种等效梁柱法可方便且较精确地计算抛物线压弯钢管拱的极限承载力.     

哑铃型钢管混凝土拱肋极限承载力研究

为了研究哑铃型钢管混凝土拱肋的力学性能,基于统一强度理论和等效梁柱法,考虑中间主应力和材料拉压比的影响,推导了其极限承载力的新公式。采用梁单元建立哑铃型钢管混凝土拱肋的有限元模型,对其受力全过程进行双重非线性分析。将理论分析结果和数值计算结果与相关文献的试验结果进行比较,吻合良好,验证了本文理论分析方法和有限元计算方法的正确性。采用有限元方法,对荷载工况、长细比、矢跨比、截面形式和腹腔混凝土等参数的影响特性进行分析,研究结果表明,荷载工况对哑铃型钢管混凝土拱肋的极限承载力影响显著,荷载越对称、均匀,拱肋的极限承载力越高,竖向变形越小;拱肋的极限承载力随长细比的增大而显著降低,随矢跨比的增大先提高后略有降低;截面形式对拱肋的强度和刚度均有较大影响,而腹腔混凝土对其强度和刚度几乎没有影响。     

几何缺陷浅拱的动力稳定性分析

研究了几何缺陷对粘弹性铰支浅拱动力稳定性能的影响。从达朗贝尔原理和欧拉-贝努利假定出发推导了粘弹性铰支浅拱在正弦分布突加荷载作用下的动力学控制方程,并采用Galerkin截断法得到了可用龙格-库塔法求解的无量纲化非线性微分方程组。同时引入能有效追踪结构动力后屈曲路径的广义位移控制法,对含几何缺陷浅拱的响应曲线进行几何、材料双重非线性有限元分析。用这两种方法分析了前三阶谐波缺陷对浅拱动力稳定性能的影响,其中动力临界荷载由B-R准则判定。主要结论有:材料粘弹性使浅拱动力临界荷载增大且结构响应曲线与弹性情况差别很大;二阶谐波缺陷影响显著,它使动力临界荷载明显下降且使得浅拱粘弹性动力临界荷载可能低于弹性动力临界荷载。     

火灾下圆钢管混凝土柱非线性有限元分析

首先提出合理的火灾下钢管混凝土拉、压材料数值热-力耦合本构模型及相应的计算方法;然后基于连续介质力学,推导火灾下U.L.列式虚功增量方程,采用非线性梁单元理论,给出火灾下钢管混凝土柱非线性有限元方程组的求解方法,编制非线性有限元程序NACFSTLF;最后对已有火灾下钢管混凝土柱的试验资料进行双重非线性有限元分析并考察钢管混凝土柱初始缺陷对其抗火性能的影响。分析结果表明:火灾下钢管混凝土柱的轴向变形-火灾时间曲线的计算结果基本上反映钢管混凝土柱的变形特性,而计算的耐火极限基本上是试验结果的上限;同时随着火灾下柱初始缺陷的增大,相同火灾时间下柱的跨中侧向挠度变形逐渐增大,耐火极限逐渐降低,而对柱的轴向变形影响相对较小。     

弹性圆拱在考虑几何非线性和初始缺陷情况下的动力稳定性分析

本文由虚功原理建立弹性圆拱的平衡方程,用有限差分法对非线性偏微分方程组进行求解(Park法对时间进行差分)。在考虑几何非线性和初始几何缺陷情况下对铰支、固支圆拱在均布突加阶跃荷载作用下的动力稳定性进行分析。结果表明:圆拱中心角的大小、边界条件及初始缺陷幅值都对圆拱失稳模态有影响。文中分析了直接、间接两种失稳形式。并给出了不同初始缺陷及边界条件下圆拱中心角对比值Pd/Pa(Pd为动力稳定临界值,Ps为静力稳定临界值)的影响。     

钢管混凝土拱稳定分析的三维退化层合曲梁单元

为计算钢管混凝土拱的屈曲荷载,本文在文[1]三维退化梁单元的基础上,采用等效数值积分法,构造,出120－20结点三维退化层合曲梁单元,并考虑几何非线性影响,给出用于层合梁或拱线弹性稳定性分析的有限元列式,最后,以绍兴轻纺大桥为工程背景,计算出轻纺大枯钢管混凝土拱面内及面外屈曲的稳定系数。     

空间异型双曲面钢屋盖缺陷稳定性分析及试验研究

南通体育会展中心钢屋盖为空间异型双曲面,结构高跨比和矢跨比均较小,稳定性分析是其设计中的一个关键问题。本文在体育馆缩尺模型试验基础上,对其钢屋盖结构进行了几何非线性和双非线性稳定分析,分别采用实测缺陷法、一致缺陷模态法、改进随机缺陷法考虑结点位置偏差缺陷的影响。结果表明：实测缺陷法双非线性分析结果是评估体育馆屋盖结构实际安全性的重要依据;一致模态法的临界荷载概率可靠度较低。通过改进随机缺陷法,对该屋盖结构的稳定性能有了比较全面的认识,并定量分析了设计临界荷载和一致模态法分析的临界荷载的可靠性。     

考虑初始几何缺陷时复合材料层合浅拱的动态“跳跃”

考虑几何非线性但不计横向剪切效应，给出了复合材料合浅拱的动力方程，利用伽辽金法求出了均布阶跃载荷作用下，两端铰支、正交铺层的对称层合浅拱在计及初始几何缺陷情况下的动力响应，并由Ｂ－Ｒ准则分析了动力稳定性计算结果表明：初始缺陷对于结构参数γ较大的拱的临界动力载荷有很大的影响。     

基于模态缺陷的受压球壳屈曲特性研究

针对受压球壳非线性屈曲过程,对含初始缺陷受压球壳的稳定性进行研究。根据EN1993-1-6(2007)规范,给出不同制造等级壳体的等效缺陷值计算方法;基于线性特征值分析的模态构型给出初始缺陷的分布。利用非线性有限元弧长法对球壳受压失稳过程进行数值模拟,得到屈曲前后球壳变形情况及全过程载荷-位移曲线。计算一致缺陷模态法和N阶缺陷模态法对应的球壳屈曲临界载荷,结果表明,受压球壳对缺陷较敏感,承载能力随缺陷值增大而降低;一致缺陷模态法计算便捷,在工程应用上具有合理性,N阶缺陷模态法考虑高阶模态缺陷构型,结果更加全面,可以为工程中缺陷结构稳定性设计提供参考。     

Estimates for Some Functionals for Open Sets

We solve new extremal problems of nonoverlapping domains with free poles on rays. Similar results are obtained for open sets. __________ Translated from Neliniini Kolyvannya, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 147–153, April–June, 2005.     

Dimensions of attractors for discretizations for Navier-Stokes equations

In this paper, we discretize the 2-D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with the periodic boundary condition by the finite difference method. We prove that with a shift for discretization, the global solutions exist. After proving some discrete Sobolev inequalities in the sense of finite differences, we prove the existence of the global attractors of the discretized system, and we estimate the upper bounds for the Hausdorff and the fractal dimensions of the attractors. These bounds are indepent of the mesh sizes and are considerably close to those of the continuous version.     

Convexity conditions for strain-dependent energy functions for membranes

The forms that the convexity, polyconvexity, and rank-one convexity inequalities take when the strain energy is required to be a function of the strain G are studied. It is shown in particular that W(G) must be an increasing function of G, in the sense that W(G)W(G) if G – G is non-negative definite. Relatively simple sufficient conditions in terms of G alone are given. Necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of G alone are found to be rather complex.     

Discrete-layer models for multilayered shells accounting for interlayer continuity

Based on adiscrete-layer approach, in a recent series of papers, the first author has developed the equations governing the elastodynamic behaviour of moderately thick multilayered anisotropic plates by making use of a displacement field which allows a non-linear variation of the in-plane displacements through the laminate thickness and fulfilsa priori the static and geometric continuity conditions at the interfaces between two adjacent layers. Based on this approach, in the present paper we derive the equations of motion and variationally consistent boundary conditions of moderately multilayered anisotropic shells. To show the accuracy and reliability of the proposed approach, closed-form solutions are given and compared with results from three-dimensional elasticity and other approximate bi-dimensional models with and without continuous interlayer stresses. Based on this numerical investigation, the proposed approach appears to work very well.

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Sommario Facendo uso di un approccio del tipodiscrete-layer, in una recente serie di lavori, il primo autore ha rieavato le equazioni del moto indefinite e le condizioni al contorno per piastre anisotrope multistrato, moderatamente spesse. L'approccio si basa sull'assunzione di una legge di variazione degli spostamenti secondo il piano tangente alla superficie media, ottenuta sovrapponendo una legge cubica ad una legge continua lineare a tratti; in tal modo risultano soddisfatte le condizioni di continuitá degli spostamenti e delle tensioni tangenziali all'interfaccia tra due strati. Nel presente lavoro, tale approccio viene esteso al caso di gusci multistrato anisotropi, moderatamente spessi. La validitá dell'approccio proposto viene suffragata mediante confronti numerici con risultati, reperiti in letteratura, ottenuti utilizzando o la teoria dell'elasticitá tridimensionale o altri modelli bidimensionali piú o meno sofisticati.

     

A new algorithm for workspace analysis for robot manipulators

Summary A new algorithm to determine the workspace of a robot manipulator is presented in this paper. The method is based on the concept of dividing the robot structure into a regional structure and an orientational structure and is much more efficient than many methods currently available. Another advantage is that the method is expedient to plot the contours of the workspace of a robot manipulator on an arbitrarily defined plane or determine the extreme points along a general direction. The problem of determining subspaces of different joint configurations is also addressed and a method to compute them is proposed. Since for an ordinary industrial robot the regional structure is usually solvable to the first three joint variables, the method proposed is efficient computationally. The applicability of the method is demonstrated by some numeric examples.

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Sommario Nel lavoro viene presentato un nuovo algoritmo per determinare il campo di lavoro di un manipolatore robotico. Il metodo utilizza il concetto di dividere la struttura del manipolatore ad una struttura regionale ed una struttura orientamentale ed è molto più efficace di molti metodi esistenti. Un altro vantaggio del metodo è che esso è conveniente per disegnare i contorni del campo di lavoro su un piano specificato arbitrariamente oppure per determinare i punti estremi lungo una direzione generale. Nel lavoro è studiato anche il problema di determinare i sottospazi di configurazioni diverse dei giunti e viene presentato un metodo per calcolarli. Siccome per un robot industriale la struttura regionale è normalmente risolubile per le prime tre variabili dei giunti, il metodo presentato è molto efficace computazionalmente. L'applicabilità del metodo è dimostrata da qualche esempio numerico.

     

离散元数值模拟中查找邻居元关系的改进算法

离散元方法是近年发展起来的有前途的新概念数值模拟方法,然而查找邻居元关系耗费大量机时和内存。本文引入一种改进算法-“区域法”,并对其原理、算法、运行时间和空间进行了分析。和原算法中的“窗口法”的比较结果表明,新算法在运行时间和空间方面均明显优于原算法。     

A new approach for failure criterion for sheet metals

The interpretation of sheet forming simulations relies on failure criteria to define the limits of metal deformation. The common requirements for these criteria across a broad range of application areas have not yet been satisfied or fully identified, and a single criterion to satisfy all needs has not been developed. Areas where existing criteria appear to be lacking are in the comprehension of the effects of non-proportional loading, general non-planar and triaxial stress loading, and process and material mechanisms that differentiate between necking and fracture. This study was mainly motivated to provide an efficient method for the analysis of necking and fracture limits for sheet metals. In this paper, a model for the necking limit is combined with a model for the fracture limit in the principal stress space by employing a stress-based forming limit curve (FLC) and the maximum shear stress (MSS) criterion. A new metal failure criterion for in-plane isotropic metals is described, based on and validated by a set of critical experiments. This criterion also takes into consideration of the stress distribution through the thickness of the sheet metal to identify the mode of failure, including localized necking prior to fracture, surface cracking, and through-thickness fracture, with or without a preceding neck. The fracture model is also applied to the openability of a food can for AA 5182. The predicted results show very good agreement with the experimentally observed data.     

A method for deriving hydrodynamic equations for complicated systems

A general algorithm is proposed for constructing a uniformly valid asymptotic solution of the kinetic equations under conditions when the number of slowly varying macroscopic variables is greater than the number of integral invariants of the collision operator. The case of a chemically reacting gas mixture is considered, and a method for constructing the asymptotic solution for this case is described. The hydrodynamic equations for reacting and relaxing gas mixtures are described in general form and it is noted that consistent allowance for the disequilibrium of the reaction and relaxation processes leads to the appearance in the hydrodynamic equations of a number of additional terms, which describe the dependence of the rates of these processes on the spatial derivatives of the hydrodynamic variables.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 3, pp. 96–105, May–June, 1981.