可爆性气体爆炸极限和爆燃转变成爆轰的研究

我们成功地研制了长为6.6m、内径为100mm的柱形爆炸激波管。利用此激波管我们研究了氢气和氧气混合物的爆炸特性。研究表明:氢气和氧气混合物的可爆性极限为25％H2至84％H2（体积比）;混合物起爆的临界初始压力P0c近似与混合物的浓度无关。我们还用石英传感器技术测量了混合物从爆燃转变为爆轰的过程（DDT）,确定了爆炸速度、爆炸压力与混合物初始压力P0的关系。爆燃波速度D和压力P快速增加,并且DG0（声速）时,爆燃波能转变成爆轰。爆燃波速度D和压力P衰减时,爆燃波将熄灭。氢氧混合物浓度接近上限时,爆燃向爆轰转变时的爆轰呈过激励状态,然后逐渐趋于正常爆轰。C-J理论可近似预估气体爆轰参数。     

Higher-Order Terms in the Capillary Limit Approximation of Viscous-Capillary Flow

We propose a new approximation to the solution of the steady state equations describing two-phase immiscible flow in a porous medium. It is demonstrated that the general procedure contains the capillary equilibrium approximation as a special case. The solution is approximated by a perturbation series in a parameter related to the capillary number. The expansion of the solution results in a sequence of decoupled linear elliptic boundary value problems. This sequence is solved numerically by a Finite Element method, and the accuracy of the approximations is evaluated.     

Robust Limit Cycle Suppression for Control Systems with Parametric Uncertainty and Nonlinearity

A systematic limit cycle suppression method is presented to predict and suppress the sustained limit cycles persisting in a class of uncertain control systems containing inherent nonlinearity. The aim is to determine the feasible controller parameter sets in the parameter plane for the entire uncertain system. A family of constant limit cycle amplitude loci is plotted. Successful application to pitch orientation control system with parametric uncertainties and nonlinearity is demonstrated. System output response is further investigated.     

A Frequency Method for Predicting Limit Cycle Bifurcations

The paper studies the bifurcations of limit cycles in a rather general class of nonlinear dynamic systems. Relying on the classical harmonic balance approach as applied in control engineering neat frequency conditions for such bifurcations are derived. These results, approximate in nature, make clear the structural mechanism of the considered phenomena and can be applied to predict the occurrence of bifurcations as a function of system parameters. The application to several examples of different complexity shows the simplicity and accuracy of the proposed method for solving complicated problems of nonlinear dynamics.     

Localized Basis Function Method for Computing Limit Cycle Oscillations

An alternate approach to the standard harmonic balance method (based on Fourier transforms) is proposed. The proposed method begins with an idea similar to the harmonic balance method, i.e. to transform the initial set of differential equations of the dynamics to a set of discrete algebraic equations. However, as distinct from previous harmonic balance techniques, the proposed method uses a set of basis functions which are localized in time and are not necessarily sinusoidal. Also as distinct from previous harmonic balance methods, the algebraic equations obtained after the transformation of the differential equations of the dynamics are solved in the time domain rather than the frequency domain. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the performance of the method for autonomous and forced dynamics of a Van der Pol oscillator.     

血管残余应力的一种确定方法

动脉无载荷状态下存在残余应力,分析血管壁在载荷状态下的应力分布必须计及血管壁的残余应力。本文通过检测动脉不同轴向伸长比条件下的压力—容积(p—V)数据,根据其p—V实验曲线的“S”型特征,提出了一种用反正切函数关系对试验数据点进行拟合,进而导得动脉管壁周向残余应力沿壁厚分布的方法。文章对10只正常大鼠颈动脉的分析结果表明,大鼠颈动脉周向残余应力沿血管壁厚呈单调上升趋势。残余应力在内壁处为负呈压缩状态,在外壁处为正呈拉伸状态,并且内外壁处应力绝对值大小基本相等,大约在2．5kPa左右。文章结果对进一步分析动脉管壁在载荷作用下的应力分布提供必要的信息。     

Chemically Reacting Flows and Continuous Flow Stirred Tank Reactors: The Large Diffusivity Limit

In this paper we consider the relationship between chemically reacting flows and continuous flow stirred tank reactors (CSTR). In particular, we show that in the limit as the chemical and thermal diffusivities go to infinity, the solutions of the reacting flow PDE approach the solutions to the CSTR ODE. We further show that the global attractors for the reacting flow come arbitrarily close top the CSTR global attractor as the diffusivities go to infinity. An important feature of the reacting flow model we use is Robin–Neumann boundary conditions for the chemistry and temperature, which we use to mimic the CSTR inflow and outflow terms. The key in our analysis is an examination of how the Laplacian with Robin–Neumann boundary conditions converges to the Laplacian with Neumann boundary conditions as the diffusivity goes to infinity.     

An Eigenvalue Method for Calculation of Stability and Limit Cycles in Nonlinear Systems

In the calculation of periodic oscillations of nonlinear systems –so-called limit cycles – approximative and systematic engineeringmethods of linear system analysis are known. The techniques, working inthe frequency domain, perform a quasi-linearization of the nonlinear system,replacing nonlinearities by amplitude-dependent describing functions.Frequently, the resulting equations for the amplitude and frequency ofpresumed limit cycles are solved directly by a graphical procedure in aNyquist plane or by solving the nonlinear equations or a parameteroptimization problem. In this paper, an indirect numerical approach isdescribed which shows that, for a system of nonlinear differentialequations, the eigenvalues of the quasi-linear system simply indicateall limit cycles and, additionally, yield stability regions for thelinearized case. The method is applicable to systems with multiplenonlinearities which may be static or dynamic. It is demonstrated foran example of aircraft nose gear shimmy dynamics in the presence ofdifferent nonlinearities and the results are compared with those fromsimulation.     

腐蚀与缺口对LY11铝合金疲劳极限影响的试验研究与分析

以飞机螺旋桨叶常用材料ＬＹ１１ＣＺ铝合金锻件的材料试件、腐蚀试件和缺口试件的疲劳极限实验结果为依据,研究了腐蚀与缺口对疲劳极限的影响,给出腐蚀试件和缺口试件疲劳极限的关系,并建立起一种只用材料疲劳极限来确定严重腐蚀情况对应的疲劳极限分布的方法,以适应螺旋桨叶等按无限寿命准则设计的构件评估腐蚀后疲劳可靠性的工程需求．     

拉压屈服强度不同材料的厚壁筒的极限分析

对拉压屈服强度不同（简称具有Ｓ－Ｄ效应）的材料的最壁筒进行了极限分析。结果表明，结构的极限承载能力随着材料的压拉比Ｋ的增大而增大。考虑到材料具有不同拉压性能的观点，文中的分析结果具有一般性。所给出的极限荷载公式可供结构工程设计参考     

气固两相分支管流动及流量分配特性的研究

在水平T型分支管道中,用压缩空气对平均粒径为0．5mm砂石进行气固两相流试验。试验结果表明,当压缩空气的流速大于33m／s时,T型分支接头处没有固相沉积,两个分支管路分配的流量几乎相同。当压缩空气的流速小于33m／s时,分支接头处出现沉积,并且沉积量和分支管路的流量分配与分支管路上阀门开度有关:开度相同时,分支接头两侧的固相沉积量和流量分配相同;开度不同时,阀门开度小的一侧分支接头处的沉积量少,其分配的流量也少。