磁流体流动控制中的磁场配置效率研究

采用数值模拟方法研究了不同磁场空间构型对弹道式再入飞行器基准外形表面热流分布的影响. 计算模型为低磁雷诺数近似下的磁流体力学模型. 数值模拟结果表明两个大小相同、方向不同的磁偶极子对表面热流密度分布的影响存在较大差异,由此指出热流控制应用中磁场配置的效率问题. 随后的磁场详细作用机理分析表明上述差异的原因在于不同空间磁场分布对流动能量转化机制的影响不同. 以此为基础给出了在流动的不同区域,磁场空间分布应遵循的一般性原则.      

水下磁异常定位中两种矢量磁力仪配置方式的比较

在简述水下磁异常定位原理的基础上,提出了八单轴和十单轴两种矢量磁力仪配置方式,推导了两种配置方式下磁场大小及梯度的量测方程,对磁场大小及梯度的解算精度进行了比较分析。数值仿真了磁场大小及梯度、载体相对位置误差与测量基线长△X之间的变化关系,结果表明这些误差都随△X加大而增长。相比于八单轴磁力仪配置,十单轴磁力仪配置方式中磁场大小和梯度计算精确,定位误差很小,在水下磁定位实验中应选用十单轴磁力仪配置方式。     

基于磁偶极子的磁场梯度张量缩并的试验验证及相关参数确定

近十年发展起来的基于磁偶极子的磁场梯度张量缩并理论虽然可较好地描述磁源,不受测量系统的朝向的影响,但其理论尚不够完善,磁场梯度张量的模量的空间分布规律及相关参数的取值尚不明确。为解决此问题,对基于磁偶极子的磁场梯度张量的模量及参数k的三维空间分布特性进行理论分析,结果表明其空间分布均为椭球状。对参数k与角度θ的关系提出显式的近似计算公式,假设检验表明,提出的拟合公式与理论值高度吻合。采用基于电流脉冲的步进电机角度控制系统和三维磁传感器设计试验系统,对磁场梯度张量的模量的空间分布特性和参数k的拟合公式进行验证,试验结果表明,理论值与试验值基本一致,可为磁场梯度张量缩并理论的应用提供依据和参考。     

不受姿态误差影响的惯性/磁感应融合定位方法

针对传统电磁信标导航定位系统中由惯性元件解算磁传感器姿态误差导致定位性能下降问题，提出了一种不受传感器姿态影响的改进惯性/磁感应定位融合定位方法，避免了姿态误差对定位结果的影响。首先，基于磁信标磁场分布规律与特征矢量构建了与传感器姿态无关的非线性磁感应定位模型；然后，结合惯性元件对载体目标的状态估计提出了改进的惯性/磁感应定位模型，降低了累计误差、提高了定位精度与结果的输出速度；最后，利用无迹卡尔曼滤波（UKF）对融合数据进行处理，实现对动态目标的位置估计。分别通过实验和仿真验证了不受姿态影响的磁感应定位模型以及惯性/磁感应定位方法的有效性。实验结果表明磁感应定位模型能够不受传感器姿态误差的影响实现定位；数值仿真结果表明惯性元件解算姿态辅助磁信标定位方法的最大误差为7.29 m，基于改进的惯性/磁感应融合定位方法最大误差0.77 m。     

近场近地爆炸下建筑柱爆炸荷载分布规律及简化模型

为了快速评估近场近地爆炸荷载下建筑柱的动力响应和破坏模式,通过数值仿真方法,探究了近场近地爆炸工况下冲击波在建筑柱迎爆面的分布规律,并提供了该工况下的爆炸荷载简化模型。为此,首先利用已有实验数据验证数值模型,并建立典型近地近场爆炸工况的数值模型,然后研究比例爆距和比例爆高对建筑柱冲击波特征参数的影响规律,最后拟合出柱迎爆面反射冲量和正相超压持续时间的计算公式,将柱迎爆面各点爆炸荷载转化为等效三角形荷载模型,为工程实践中建筑柱遭受近场近地爆炸作用下的抗爆设计提供荷载输入。研究结果表明：当比例爆高小于0.3 m/kg^1/3、比例爆距在0.4～0.6 m/kg^1/3范围时,最大反射冲量沿柱高可简化为三折线分布;当比例爆距在0.6～1.4 m/kg^1/3范围时,最大反射冲量沿柱高可近似简化为双折线分布;在同一比例爆距和比例爆高工况下,随着炸药当量的增加,柱迎爆面相同比例高度处反射超压峰值保持不变而反射冲量正比于当量的立方根。     

2MeV注入器磁场设计与计算

用数值计算方法对２ＭｅＶ注入器上的外加螺线管线圈进行了设计和计算，最后提出在阳极杆部分另加外一反向线圈，得到了较佳结果，同时也给出了整个区域的磁场分布和在磁场作用下的电子束传输的束包络轨迹及束流参数等。     

基于磁偶极子的磁场梯度张量局部缩并及试验验证

基于磁偶极子的磁场梯度张量缩并理论虽然可较好地描述磁源,不受测量系统的朝向的影响,但在实际的磁场梯度张量测量中通常仅可测得部分磁场梯度参数,没有获得磁场梯度张量中的所有张量分量,如何有效利用这些部分磁场梯度参量,已成为目前磁场梯度张量缩并理论及在磁场定位的应用中亟需解决的问题。基于磁偶极子理论提出磁场梯度张量局部缩并的方法,给出磁场梯度张量的局部模量的概念,分析了磁场梯度张量的局部模量及相关参数的三维空间分布规律,结果表明:局部模量CXY及kXY值随着g先增大后减小,在g=39°时取最大值,在g=90°时取最小值;局部模量C_Z及k_Z值随着g先减小后增大,在g=63°时取最小值,在g=0°时取最大值。提出磁场梯度张量局部模量中重要参数的近似计算公式,并通过试验进行验证。试验结果表明,试验值与理论计算值基本一致,可为磁场梯度张量局部缩并理论的应用提供依据和参考。     

电感式磨粒监测传感器的磁场均匀性研究

在介绍电感式磨粒监测传感器结构原理的基础上 ,提出可采用检测线圈内部磁场均匀性的方法来弥补颗粒运动轨迹和流型变化带来的检测误差 ,以提高检测灵敏度 .通过分析不同几何尺寸的线圈中轴线上磁场的变化情况 ,并借助直螺线管的径向和轴向公式 ,对轴外磁场均匀性进行了探讨 .数学模型和优化结果表明 :在检测传感器线圈中部范围内为非匀强磁场 ,且呈非线性变化 ,细长管磁场相对均匀 ;当选取 R/ L <0 .2 ,磁场在线圈轴向长度范围内 ,径向在90 %范围内可近似看作均匀磁场 .所得结果可以确定传感器检测区域的磁场均匀性范围 ,为设计电感式磨粒监测传感器提供依据 .     

在线铁谱仪电磁装置磁场的有限元分析

针对在线铁谱仪中的一种新型的直流电磁装置,通过有限元分析揭示了其工作气隙中的磁场分布规律,采用正交设计方法确定了夹角方案条件下的最佳工作气隙尺寸,比较了磁场在夹角方案和倾角方案条件下的分布情况.结果表明,该装置在夹角方案条件下可以在油样流动方向上形成由弱到强的磁场分布,但效果不如倾角方案好.     

地磁日变影响下的地磁匹配算法

针对地磁日变严重影响地磁匹配导航定位精度和可靠性的问题,提出一种地磁日变影响下的地磁匹配算法。首先根据地磁日变的特性,构造地磁日变影响下的均方差相关性准则,补偿地磁日变对匹配结果的影响。然后建立匹配曲线的参数化模型,将相关性准则转化为位置误差、航向误差和地磁日变误差的表达式,从而将地磁匹配转化为非线性方程组的求解。最后采用Broyden算法求解非线性方程组,实现地磁日变影响下的地磁匹配定位。仿真结果表明,在地磁日变场为50 n T时,传统地磁匹配方法发生了误匹配,而本文所提出算法的匹配定位最大经纬度误差为0.0032°,算法耗时16 ms,可以实现地磁日变影响下高精度快速匹配定位。     

核磁共振陀螺静磁系统端口漏磁抑制技术

核磁共振陀螺作为目前世界上体积最小的导航级陀螺,受到了国内外的广泛重视。核磁共振陀螺通过检测磁场中原子核自旋进动频率的改变确定载体角速度,核磁共振陀螺的陀螺精度与静磁场的均匀性、稳定性密切相关。然而核磁共振陀螺静磁系统往往存在端口漏磁,形成杂散磁场,在长期工作过程中会磁化磁屏蔽罩,最终干扰陀螺精度。从核磁共振陀螺静磁场分布的理论分析出发,通过数学计算和计算机仿真,分析和研究了静磁系统的端口漏磁,并对静磁系统进行了优化设计。设计的核磁共振陀螺静磁系统端口漏磁在1.5倍螺线管直径范围内较传统方案平均减小45.4%,满足了核磁共振陀螺的使用需求。该工作为核磁共振陀螺仪设计和制造提供了一定的理论依据和参考价值。     

Statics of a magnetic fluid containing magnetic field concentrators

Various static surface shapes of a magnetic fluid containing bodies made of easily magnetizable materials (magnetic field concentrators) in a uniform applied magnetic field are numerically calculated with account for the gravity force, surface tension, and the dependence of the magnetic-fluid magnetization on the magnetic field strength. The possibility of a sudden change in surface shape is shown. Hysteresis in the surface shape with a cyclic increase and decrease in the applied field is predicted.     

Yield stress of a magnetic fluid in a magnetic field

The yield stress ₀ of a magnetic fluid in a plane channel and the shape of the chains restraining the motion of the fluid are determined. The equilibrium problem for a magnetic fluid in a plane channel in the presence of an external magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the channel and a pressure difference between the channel ends is solved within the framework of the structured fluid model. It is shown that equilibrium is possible only when the pressure difference does not exceed a certain limit p _cr at which the shear stress on the channel wall has a maximum. In weak fields p _cr and the corresponding ₀ depend quadratically on the field and in strong fields tend to saturation. The phenomenological parameters of the model are estimated for the case in which the microstructure is a system of chains of magnetic particles. The results obtained are found to be in qualitative agreement with the experimentally observed dependence of p _cr and ₀ on the field and the magnetic phase concentration.Translated from Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No.3, pp. 4–10, May–June, 1992.The authors are grateful to V. V. Gogosov for useful discussions and his interest in the work.     

Effects of magnetic field on fluidization properties of magnetic pearls

An experimental study of the influence of external magnetic field on the fluidization behavior of magnetic pearls was carried out. Magnetic pearls are a magnetic form of iron oxide that mainly consists of Fe2O3 which are recovered from a high-volume power plant fly ash from pulverized coal combustion. Due to its abundance, low price and particular physical and chemical properties, magnetic pearls can be used as a heavy medium for minerals or solid waste dry separation based on density difference. This paper introduces the properties of magnetic pearls and compares the performance of magnetic pearls fluidised bed operation with or without an external magnetic field. Experimental results show that an external magnetic field significantly improves the fluidization performance of magnetic pearls such as uniformity and stability.     

Steady magnetic waves

Steady simple waves are investigated in an incompressible conducting ideal inhomogeneously and isotropically magnetizable fluid moving along the lines of force of a magnetic field. The integration of the system of equations describing such waves is reduced to the calculation of quadrature expressions in the case of an arbitrary magnetization law. It is shown that, depending on the magnetic properties of the medium, different types of steady waves are possible: magnetizing waves in a diamagnetic fluid and demagnetizing waves in a paramagnetic fluid. The results are given of calculations of demagnetizing waves in a conducting ferromagnetic fluid. An analysis is made of the various possible flow regimes of a conducting magnetizable fluid at the point of a perfectly conducting corner.     

核磁共振陀螺多层磁屏蔽系统优化设计

核磁共振陀螺是目前世界上体积最小的导航级陀螺。由于核磁共振陀螺通过探测原子核的宏观磁化在静磁场中的进动频率来测量载体的角速度,为获得高精度与大动态范围,需要确保静磁场的稳定性,防止外部磁场的干扰,所以必须对核磁共振陀螺进行磁屏蔽。从核磁共振陀螺磁屏蔽原理出发,通过数学计算和计算机仿真,分析和研究了多层磁屏蔽罩结构参数对磁屏蔽系数的影响,并对核磁共振陀螺磁屏罩进行了优化设计。设计的多层磁屏蔽罩磁屏蔽系数达到了106,满足核磁共振陀螺的使用需求。该工作为核磁共振陀螺仪的整体设计和制造提供了一定的理论依据和参考价值。     

Stability of plane-parallel flow of magnetic fluids under external magnetic fields

In this work,we present a theoretical study on the stability of a two-dimensional plane Poiseuille flow of magnetic fluids in the presence of externally applied magnetic fields.The fluids are assumed to be incompressible,and their magnetization is coupled to the flow through a simple phenomenological equation.Dimensionless parameters are defined,and the equations are perturbed around the base state.The eigenvalues of the linearized system are computed using a finite difference scheme and studied with respect to the dimensionless parameters of the problem.We examine the cases of both the horizontal and vertical magnetic fields.The obtained results indicate that the flow is destabilized in the horizontally applied magnetic field,but stabilized in the vertically applied field.We characterize the stability of the flow by computing the stability diagrams in terms of the dimensionless parameters and determine the variation in the critical Reynolds number in terms of the magnetic parameters.Furthermore,we show that the superparamagnetic limit,in which the magnetization of the fluids decouples from hydrodynamics,recovers the same purely hydrodynamic critical Reynolds number,regardless of the applied field direction and of the values of the other dimensionless magnetic parameters.     

Stability of plane-parallel flow of magnetic fluids under external magnetic flelds

In this work, we present a theoretical study on the stability of a twodimensional plane Poiseuille flow of magnetic fluids in the presence of externally applied magnetic flelds. The fluids are assumed to be incompressible, and their magnetization is coupled to the flow through a simple phenomenological equation. Dimensionless parameters are deflned, and the equations are perturbed around the base state. The eigenvalues of the linearized system are computed using a flnite difierence scheme and studied with respect to the dimensionless parameters of the problem. We examine the cases of both the horizontal and vertical magnetic flelds. The obtained results indicate that the flow is destabilized in the horizontally applied magnetic fleld, but stabilized in the vertically applied fleld. We characterize the stability of the flow by computing the stability diagrams in terms of the dimensionless parameters and determine the variation in the critical Reynolds number in terms of the magnetic parameters. Furthermore, we show that the superparamagnetic limit, in which the magnetization of the fluids decouples from hydrodynamics, recovers the same purely hydrodynamic critical Reynolds number, regardless of the applied fleld direction and of the values of the other dimensionless magnetic parameters.     

Interaction forces between soft magnetic particles in uniform and non-uniform magnetic fields

The influence of the magnetization of a soft magnetic sphere on the surrounding magnetic field is measured and characterized.The interaction force between two soft magnetic particles is directly measured using an ultra precision load sensor in uniform and non-uniform magnetic fields. The interaction force largely follows an inverse fourth power law as a function of separation distance between particle centers. At small distances,the effect of magnetization of one particle on the magnetization of its adjacent particle causes the attractive（repulsive） force to be larger（smaller） than that predicted by the inverse fourth power law.The theoretical prediction based on a modified dipole model,that takes into account the coupling effect of the magnetization among soft magnetic particles,gives excellent agreement with the measured force in a uniform magnetic field.The interaction force under a non-uniform applied magnetic field can be reasonably predicted using the dipole-dipole interaction model when the local magnetic field is used to determine the magnetization.