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1.
声程差与应力强度因子的关系   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
基于弹性状态下力对材料声折射率及试件厚度的影响,推导了含裂纹的试件受力前后,超声纵波经其前后表面反射及透射时声程的变化,得到了应力强度因子与声程差的关系,为通过声程差的变化确定裂尖应力强度因子打下了基础。  相似文献   

2.
金江  盛季生 《力学季刊》2004,25(1):56-61
本文利用超声波断口图技术对不同类型的PMMA试件进行了测试。这些试件为承受均匀拉伸或三点弯曲变形的带单侧贯穿裂纹的PMMA板,其中拉伸试件又分为光面和带表面沟槽的两种。得到了这些试件断口上的超声波线。发现它们为平面线.其凸凹方向与试件的表面状态有关。基于有限元法,计算了试件的三维J积分,考察了杨氏模量和泊松比对其的影响.结果发现泊松比影响J积分曲线形状,而杨氏模量只影响其绝对数值,不影响其曲线形状。得到的试件在不同裂纹长度下的三维J积分与它们断口图上的超声波线的形状和凸凹方向相似。说明在脆性材料中,扩展裂纹前缘曲线形态是三维J积分的作用的结果。  相似文献   

3.
张忠平  王锋会 《力学季刊》2001,22(3):359-362
基于焦散线的形成原理及含裂纹受力试件在裂尖附近区域的应力分布,得到了焦散线法确定应力强度因子的条件:初始曲线半径与试件厚度之比大于0.5。当满足该条件时,对光学各向同性材料及光学各向异性材料前表面反射的情形,只需测量焦散线沿横向的最大尺寸便可较精确地确定应力强度因子;而对于光学各向异性材料的透射或后表面反射情形,只有在忽略远场非奇异应力的影响后,才可借助焦散线的横向尺寸近似确定应力强度因子。  相似文献   

4.
马法尚  匡震邦 《力学学报》1995,27(Z1):120-124
详细分析了不同形状断裂试件及小范围屈服模型裂纹端部的损伤演化,提出了韧性断裂的宏观起裂相当于裂尖前方一特征位置处的损伤达到一临界值。利用此模型获得了与实验相一致的宏观断裂韧性及与约束无关的理论断裂韧性。  相似文献   

5.
利用焦散线实验系统,进行了冲击加载下含预制裂纹梁柱试件的断裂实验,研究了梁柱试件的梁柱节点、梁上和柱端裂纹的扩展轨迹、扩展速度和应力强度因子的变化规律。实验结果表明:受冲击后,试件首先在梁柱节点处开裂,并在裂纹扩展过程中发生明显的曲裂运动,证明梁柱节点处最容易受到破坏。预制裂纹条数越多,梁柱节点处开裂越晚,说明裂纹条数少,能量可以在裂纹尖端积聚得更集中、更快。含柱端预制裂纹的试件,2条裂纹的开裂相隔时间要长于含梁上预制裂纹的试件;同时,试件的第2条裂纹优先在梁上裂纹处开裂,说明固端支座比简支梁断裂需要更多的能量。随着预制裂纹的增多,梁上裂纹在扩展过程中的曲裂现象减弱, 由于部分能量在柱端裂纹处积聚,用于推动梁上裂纹扩展的能量相应地减少。并且由于柱端裂纹的存在,梁上裂纹受到的拉应力分量减小,导致裂纹尖端受到弯矩变小,影响了裂纹的曲裂运动。  相似文献   

6.
声焦散线及其与应力强度因子的关系   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
 根据焦散线的形成原理,以及含I型裂纹试件受力前后光程差与 声程差表达式的相似性,提出了声焦散线的概念,得到了声焦散线沿 横向最大尺寸与应力强度因子的关系,为通过声焦散线法确定应力强 度因子打下了基础.  相似文献   

7.
为了解喀喇昆仑公路(中国段)沿线岩石裂纹演化及受力后的力学性能(位移和应变),采用数字图像相关技术,对三点弯曲加载条件下的灰白石英粉砂岩和片麻岩试件在万能试验机上进行了破坏实验,得到了外力作用下裂纹生成、扩展等演化过程及两种岩样在加载直至破坏过程中的位移场和平均应变曲线.实验结果表明,在相同条件下,灰白石英粉砂岩比片麻岩更易脆断,片麻岩在受力断裂破坏时出现了多条裂纹,导致试件加剧断裂,研究成果为了解这一地域的岩石强度及破坏规律提供了实验依据.  相似文献   

8.
对于微动疲劳问题,循环应力比的大小会影响试件应力状态及分布,从而影响疲劳裂纹的萌生位置.本文通过对一类微动疲劳问题进行有限元法分析,模拟疲劳实验过程,并采用最大应力变化幅△σθmax作为指标预测了不同应力比下疲劳裂纹的萌生位置.数值分析显示,在应力比不是很大时,试件与微动接触头的边缘存在接触,并在此处产生较大的应力集中,容易萌生裂纹;而在应力比足够高时,微动接触头端部与试件呈恒张开状态,△σθmax及裂纹萌生发生在距初始接触区边缘一定距离处.疲劳裂纹萌生位置的理论预测结果与相关试验的疲劳裂纹发生位置比较一致.  相似文献   

9.
本文用激光全息和散斑干涉法,测量了含中心疲劳裂纹、双边切缝、45°斜切缝的有限宽铝合金板试件(LY12—CZ),在均匀单向拉伸载荷作用下,直至大范围屈服时,裂纹尖端附近区域的三维位移场.给出了下列结果:①裂纹尖端塑性区的尺寸、形状随载荷增加的变化情况.中心疲劳裂纹与双边切缝试件的裂纹尖端塑性区形状的比较;②裂纹尖端特征点的COD—σ/σ_s 曲线,裂纹起裂点的张开位移δ_(?)(即COD);③试件对称轴上一定标距内△—σ/σ_s 曲线,标称应变ε_0与载荷比σ/σ_s 关系,即ε_0—σ/σ_s 曲线,实验表明标称应变ε_0是衡量试件屈服情况的参数;④定量地测定了裂纹尖端附近的位移场;⑤裂纹尖端附近的应变场;⑥对失稳断裂载荷进行了塑性极限分析.并将上述结果与有关理论,实验及数值计算结果进行了比较.  相似文献   

10.
一、引言对于韧性材料的含裂纹构件,通常是在大范围屈服情况下断裂的,所以必须建立弹塑性断裂理论来进行研究。用J积分判据J_(1c)或临界裂纹顶端张开位移δ_(cr)来衡量韧性材料的断裂韧性,在工程上具有实用意义。但是J_(1c)和δ_(cr)都是用来确定裂纹的初始起裂,而起裂后的裂纹稳态扩展现象很重要,特别对于硬化材料的金属薄壁构件更为明显,在裂纹缓慢稳态扩展的过程中,必须继续增加载荷,直到裂纹失稳扩展,因此要合理地确定含裂纹薄壁结构的承载能力,就需要研究裂纹稳态扩展过程。Feddersen在研究平面应力断裂问题中,用铝合金中心裂纹板试件做了大量实验,对工程设计提供了有用的分析方法,但是对于裂纹的稳态扩展过程只做了定性描述,没  相似文献   

11.
陈枫  孙宗颀  徐纪成 《力学学报》2000,8(2):164-168
岩石破裂过程中的声发射特性不仅与岩石种类有关 ,而且与受到的载荷和破裂进展密切相关 ,岩石受载时的声发射波谱中含有大量与微断裂有关的信息。本文通过岩石压剪加载时峰值前的声发射波谱特性分析 ,探讨了岩石压剪时的微断裂机理 ,揭示了岩石在压剪加载不同阶段的波谱特性与岩石初始非线性、线性响应和临界裂纹扩展之间的相关关系。实验结果表明 ,声发射波谱参数的变化对岩石微断裂进展的响应比载荷本身更为敏感。这一结论为岩石边坡稳定性分析 ,岩爆预测和采矿工程的安全性评估提供了十分有意义的实验依据。  相似文献   

12.
A study was conducted to assess the viability of using ultrasonic shear wave non-destructive inspection (NDI) methods to detect fatigue cracks nucleating in the vicinity of a contact regionin situ. Use of this method is hampered by the presence of electronic and acoustic noise in the laboratory environment and by the contact in the experimental configuration. A previously established fretting fatigue test fixture was selected, in which nominally flat pads are held in contact against a thin, flat specimen and gross sliding between the pad and specimen is eliminated. Experiments were performed with Ti-6Al-4V at 300 Hz andR=0.5 for average clamping stresses of 200 and 620 MPa, and applied fatigue stresses of 330 and 250 MPa. The shear wave response was monitored during each test, and the test was interrupted when changes in the waveform were thought to indicate a crack. Also, the effect of the contact load and the sensitivity of the technique under the contact conditions were assessed. For the lower clamping stress, a sizeable portion of life was spent nucleating cracks, and the propagation life was too short to allow interruption of the tests. At the higher clamping stress, cracks with surface lengths of ∼2.5 mm were detected on, 10 mm wide specimens in tests conducted using the shear wave NDI technique. While the presence of the contact produced changes in the ultrasonic waveform, additional changes occurred as the crack propagated that permitted crack detection. A simple waveform correlation was used post-test to quantify the waveform changes, and thereby validate the viability of this NDI method for use in contact regions. In the configuration used for this study, the shear wave NDI technique was insensitive to small cracks. Some refinements that could dramatically improve crack detection capability are discussed. The original color figures found in this article can be seen in the online verson of this article, or can be obtained from A. Hutson.  相似文献   

13.
This paper introduces the development of an optical system for simultaneous ultrasonic propagation imaging at multi-points. For the system, fiber acoustic wave grating sensors (FAWGSs) and a Q-switched pulsed laser (QPL) mirror scanner are utilized for simultaneous multipoint sensing and remote scanning ultrasonic generation, respectively. The structural strain-free FAWGS based on a fiber Bragg grating allows simultaneous multipoint acoustic emission (AE) sensing. A structure in which the FAWGSs are deployed can sense external ultrasonic stimulus. Consequently, the structure with the integrated FAWGSs cannot only detect damage event under the passive AE technique, but can also evaluate the damage under the active scheme of ultrasonic transmission and reception. The feasibility of the simultaneous multipoint ultrasonic sensing system based on the FAWGSs as built-in sensors is studied with ultrasound transmitted by a piezoelectric transducer and a QPL. Then the QPL ultrasonic generator is modified into a QPL mirror scanner for laser beam scanning and finally an optical UPI system is integrated. The ultrasonic wave propagation movie (UWPM) obtained by the optical UPI system visualizes impact damage on a carbon-fiber reinforced composite.  相似文献   

14.
Coherent collimated monochromatic light emitted from a He?Ne laser was used to illuminate a transparent sheet specimen in plane stress. The light emerging from the specimen was concentrated by a thin positive lens on a coarse amplitude grating placed at the vicinity of the focus of the lens and projected on a ground-glass screen. The strongly coherent light of the laser was diffracted at the coarse grating. The deformed lateral surfaces of the loaded specimen worked as a thin lens of continuously variable focal length, which was interposed in the path of the beam and distorted the diffraction image. The pattern yielded the partialslope contours of the thickness variation in a direction normal to the rulings of the grating. Positioning the grating within the focal distance of the lens resulted in a predominant Fresnel diffraction of the opaque strips of the grating. Placing the grating beyond the focal plane created a Fresnel diffraction of the open slits. Both diffraction patterns yielded a high multiplication of fringes which increased considerably the accuracy of the experimental results.  相似文献   

15.
Dynamic fracture behaviour of crack curving in bent beams has been investigated. In order to understand the propagation mechanism of such cracks under impact, an experimental method is used that combines dynamic photoelasticity with dynamic caustics to study the interaction of the flexural waves and the crack. From the state change of the transient stresses in polymer specimen, the curving fracture in the impulsively loaded beams is analyzed. The dynamic responses of crack tips are evaluated by the stress intensity factors for the cracks running in varying curvature paths under bending stress wave. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Scientific Commission of Yunnan Province of China  相似文献   

16.
A single-exposure reflective moiré technique for the direct recording of curvature contours of laterally loaded plates is proposed. The specular reflection of a coherent, collimated beam of light by the loaded specimen is collected by a field lens and focussed onto a shearing interferometer. The shearing interferometer consists of two thin, identical plane-parallel glass plates, placed successively in the optical path near the focal plane and aligned at 45 deg to the optical axis. The two plates shear the narrow convergent beam from the lens twice optically, producing three sets of images—superposing one over the other—at the image plane. Curvature fringes result in the region overlapped by all three images.  相似文献   

17.
为研究温度对灰砂岩物理特征及抗拉强度的影响,利用对径压缩试验对经历不同温度的灰砂岩圆盘试件的力学特性进行分析,结合动态信号测试分析系统实时监测并记录试件中部侧向应变,采用非金属超声检测分析仪、SEM等手段对经历不同温度的灰砂岩纵波波速、微观结构等特征进行表征。试验结果表明:1高温导致灰砂岩质量与纵波波速分别降低了3.83%与50.03%,损伤程度逐渐增大,且在经历温度为600℃时发生突变;2灰砂岩抗拉强度随经历温度的升高而减小,近似服从负线性分布,峰值压缩变形量与峰值侧向应变均随经历温度的升高而增大,在经历温度为600℃时发生突变;3高温导致试件颜色由灰白色变为淡黄色,断面起伏度降低,裂隙数量与裂隙类型增加。上述研究成果可以为热作用下地下结构稳定性的研究提供参考。  相似文献   

18.
针对结构微小缺陷振动无损检测中难以提取含故障信息信号的难点,以含有预制裂纹的微型汽车驱动桥试件为研究对象,探索了一种采用小波分析和现代谱估计技术,提取结构受瞬态激励作用下,反映裂纹信息的微小弹性波的实验室裂纹识别方法.试验结果表明,该方法能够较为有效地提高结构微小缺陷振动检测的信号精度.  相似文献   

19.
基于74mm直径分离式Hopkinson杆(SHPB)实验平台进行了混凝土杆的一维应力层裂实验.采用超高速相机(采样频率:2 $\mu$s/frame)结合数字图像相关法(DIC),记录混凝土试件中的动态位移场实时变化情况,探讨了混凝土在拉伸断裂过程中的表面位移场及速度场演化规律.针对实验中出现的多重层裂现象,基于一维应力波传播理论,指出各个位置在发生层裂时,其最大拉应力均由透射压缩波与反射拉伸波叠加而成,各处层裂发生时均处于一维应力状态.并提出了根据层裂位置左右两点速度趋势变化判断层裂发生时刻的判据.该判据可以给出所有层裂的起裂时间,结合DIC分析直接给出了混凝土多重层裂应变.结果显示混凝土的拉伸强度具有明显的应变率效应,在30 s$^{-1}$的应变率下,其拉伸强度的动态增强因子(DIF)可以达到5.与传统的波叠加法和自由面速度回跳法相比,DIC全场分析法不受加载波形限制,可以精确给出每个层裂的位置和起裂时间,从而得到试件在高应变率加载下不同位置处的断裂应变、拉伸强度及相应应变率,提高了测量效率.   相似文献   

20.
香港元朗地区发育有大量的大理岩, 它的力学性质直接影响该区的建筑安全。我们采用超声测量技术、单轴压缩试验和岩石薄片的镜下观测等方法了解其内部的结构变化及其力学性质。得出的结论是:该区的大理岩力学性质变化很大。一般的说, 致密的黑色大理岩超声波速度高, 抗压强度大且具有脆性特征, P波速度6.2~6.5km·s-1, S波速度3.0~3.60km·s-1, 抗压强度在88~166MPa;而那些颗粒较粗的白色或灰色大理岩, 超声波速度变化很大, 抗压强度小且具有韧性特征, P波速度在4.2~6.9km·s-1, S波速度2.4~3.20km·s-1, 抗压强度在52~63MPa之间。P波速度与裂隙密度成反比关系。抗压强度与裂隙密度成线性反比关系, 而且对脆性大理岩, 其曲线斜率要比韧性大理岩的曲线斜率大出许多倍。  相似文献   

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