钢筋混凝土框架—剪力墙结构非线性抗震分析的一种空间力学模型

将钢筋混凝土框架－剪力墙结构离散为能模拟梁、柱、墙抗震性能的单元，采用杆系－层间模型进行结构的非线性抗震分析。本文的空间力学模型可考虑局部楼板变形对结构地震反应的影响，并可沿任意角度输入相互垂直的两个地震动水平分量，适用于框架一剪力墙复杂结构的非线性抗震分析。     

L形柱在反复荷载作用下的非线性分析

在平截面假定的前提下,将钢筋混凝土L形柱划分为两端弹塑性区、中间为弹性区的三分段杆单元模型。将应用于平面剪力墙的多垂直杆单元模型拓展为空间的多垂直杆单元模型,推导了拓展的多垂直杆单元模型单元刚度矩阵,经静力凝聚为三分段杆单元模型刚度矩阵,该单元模型可用于各种截面形式的钢筋混凝土异形柱、剪力墙墙肢和梁的非线性分析,计算工作量较小。讨论了目前垂直杆的轴向拉压滞回模型,提出了轴向拉压滞回曲线考虑骨架曲线下降段的简化处理方法。最后提供了算例,结果表明本文方法计算的滞回轴线与在反复加载下L形柱的试验结果吻合较好。     

纤维墙元模型在剪力墙结构非线性分析中的应用

钢筋混凝土剪力墙是目前高层与超高层建筑中最主要的抗侧力构件，本文在对已有的微观及宏观计算模型进行比较的基础上，基于纤维模型概念，建立了便于高层剪力墙结构非线性分析应用的纤维墙元模型，即由承受轴力及弯矩的纤维子单元与承受剪切变形的剪切子单元相合成的墙元计算模型；同时，对该模型中剪切子单元高度的取值进行了分析，明确了其物理含义；推导了单元的刚度矩阵，并分别建立了纤维子单元及剪切子单元的骨架曲线及滞回规则。另外，应用该计算单元模型，对一栋40层框架剪力墙结构进行了非线性时程分析，计算结果与相应模型的振动台试验结果进行了对比，比较结果表明两者在结构动力特性，位移响应方面等均吻合较好，验证了该计算单元模型的准确性与有效性，可为推广使用提供参考。     

空间杆系与叠层板组合结构的非线性稳定分析

本文用非线性有限元法研究一种空间杆系与复合材料叠层板组合结构的非线性稳定问题。将杆系离散成空间梁柱单元，将复合材料叠层板离散成复合材料叠层板单元，并考虑了几何非线性和板的成层正交各向异性性质。为了获得较高的计算效率并顺利通过稳定临界点，求解非线性平衡方程采用了变增量步长和柱面弧长法迭代策略。在考证了程序的正确性之后，具体分析了几个工程模型，得出了于工程设计有益的结论。     

空间杆系与叠层板组合结构的非线性稳定分析

本文用非线性有限元法研究一种空间杆系与复合材料叠层板组合结构的非线性稳定问题，将杆系离散成空间梁柱单元，将复合材料叠层板离散成复合材料叠层板单元，并考虑了几何非线性和板的成层正交各向异性性质。为了获得较高的计算效率并顺利通过稳定临界点，求解非线性平衡方程采用了变增量步长和柱面弧长法迭代策略。在考证了程序的正确性之后，具体分析了几个工程模型，得出了于工程设计有益的结论。     

钢筋混凝土空间杆件精细非线性分析模型

针对现有钢筋混凝土空间杆件非线性分祈模型进行了评还，应用结构力学方法推导得到了沿秆长配筋分布均匀的钢筋混凝土空间杆件的非线性单元刚度矩阵，建立了应用高斯积分点所在截面的非线性性质描述钢筋混凝土空间杆件非线性的计算过程。对于沿杆长配筋分布不均匀的杆件，根据其实际情况，将其细分为两段或三段沿杆长配筋分布均匀的杆段，以沿杆长配筋分布均匀的钢筋混凝土空间杆件非线性分析模型为基础，建立了沿杆长配筋分布不均匀的空间杆件的非线性分析模型。最后，给出了两个算例。就本文方法及程序的计算结果与模型结构振动台试验结果、常规非线性杆件模型的计算结果进行了比较。     

钢筋混凝土双肢剪力墙静力弹塑性分析

建立了由墙肢单元模型、连粱单元模型和连接单元模型组成的钢筋混凝土双肢剪力墙的静力弹塑性分析计算模型。墙肢单元采用以有限元为基础的宏模型；按是否出现对角线剪切破坏，分别建立短连粱计算模型和长连粱计算模型；为计及连粱与墙肢连接界面的相对位移，建立用复合弹簧模拟的连接单元计算模型；给出了确定模型参数的方法。对有关文献的短连粱和长连粱双肢剪力墙试件进行了静力弹塑性分析，分析结果与试验结果符合较好。     

考虑几何非线性的杆单元应变公式

考虑几何非线性的杆单元应变公式范志良（同济大学桥梁系，上海２０００９２）有限单元法在结构几何非线性分析中应用已十分广泛。在目前的本科与研究生教学中已将一般杆、梁及板单元的几何非线性列式予以介绍￣［１］，但其中对有些问题阐述不够清晰。譬如对一般的平面杆...     

考虑几何非线性的杆单元应变公式

考虑几何非线性的杆单元应变公式范志良（同济大学桥梁系，上海２０００９２）有限单元法在结构几何非线性分析中应用已十分广泛。在目前的本科与研究生教学中已将一般杆、梁及板单元的几何非线性列式予以介绍￣［１］，但其中对有些问题阐述不够清晰。譬如对一般的平面杆...     

圆柱杆侵彻过程及应力波传播分析

研究了初始侵彻速度为１０００ｍ／ｓ～２０００ｍ／ｓ的圆锥杆对半无限厚水泥靶的垂直侵彻过程及其应力波传播。针对初始侵彻速度范围内的撞击特点，发展了计算撞击力的刚体－流体撞击模型和计算靶体变形的法向膨胀理论。模拟动量定理和功能守恒定律，建立了圆锥杆垂直侵彻半元限厚水泫靶时的动力学模型。结非线性动力学方程的数值解，确定了撞击力。在些基础上，根据牛顿第二定律建立了圆锥杆的波动方程，研究了应力波在圆锥中的传     

高速切削过程中诱发绝热剪切带形成的热塑性剪切波

提出了高速切削过程中诱发绝热剪切带形成的热塑性剪切波的传播机理,针对锯齿形切屑中热望性区域内的塑性梯度变形特征、动量和能量耗散情况,建立了与切削条件相关的热塑性剪切波的传播模型及剪切带宽度模型.在此基础上,通过淬硬45钢的切削实验并结合改进的Johnson-Cook本构模型分析了热塑性剪切波的传播规律,并将剪切带宽度模型与已提出的DB模型、WR模型和DM模型做了对比,结果表明,由热塑性剪切波传播理论推导的剪切带宽度模型与实验结果较其他模型吻合较好.     

有腹筋混凝土梁的剪切刚度分析模型

钢筋混凝土梁的挠度计算通常不计入剪切变形的贡献,然而对于斜向开裂的有腹筋混凝土梁,斜裂缝会显著降低梁体的有效剪切刚度,导致剪切变形值显著增大,因此在验算评估时应予以考虑.为评价钢筋混凝土梁斜向开裂后的有效剪切刚度,首先,基于变角桁架模型推导了钢筋混凝土梁在箍筋屈服状态下的有效剪切刚度;与弹性剪切刚度比较发现,剪切刚度退化系数的主要影响因素为材料弹模比、配箍率和斜压杆倾角.其次,基于试验剪切变形曲线表现出的刚度退化规律,提出了可用于不同开裂程度下剪切刚度计算的恒定切线刚度退化模式,并采用开裂后的剪力增量作为反映开裂程度的定量指标.最后,根据最小能量原理得到了剪切刚度退化中两个关键参数:斜压杆倾角和剪切刚度退化系数的解析公式.通过2根薄腹混凝土梁剪切变形试验以及收集的15个受剪梁段的剪切变形数据对模型有效性进行了验证,验证结果表明:有腹筋混凝土梁剪切刚度分析模型能较为准确地预测箍筋屈服状态的剪切刚度,并能反映不同开裂程度下的剪切刚度退化规律.     

Experimental study on wheel-soil interaction mechanics using in-wheel sensor and particle image velocimetry part II. Analysis and modeling of shear stress of lightweight wheeled vehicle

Wheeled vehicle mobility on loose sand is highly subject to shear deformation of sand around the wheel because the shear stress generates traction force of the wheel. The main contribution of this paper is to improve a shear stress model for a lightweight wheeled vehicle on dry sand. This work exploits two experimental approaches, an in-wheel sensor and a particle image velocimetry that precisely measure the shear stress and shear deformation generated at the interaction boundary. Further, the paper improves a shear stress model. The model proposed in this paper considers a force chain generated inside the granular media, boundary friction between the wheel surface and sand, and velocity dependency of the friction. The proposed model is experimentally validated, and its usefulness is confirmed through numerical simulation of the wheel traction force. The simulation result confirmed that the proposed model calculated the traction force with an accuracy about 70%, whereas the conventional one overestimated the force, and its accuracy was 13% at the best.     

Time-dependent Viscoelastic Behavior of an LDPE Melt

Two differential constitutive equations, i.e. Giesekus model and Johnson–Segalman model were employed here to predict the time-dependent viscoelastic behavior of an LDPE melt in thixotropy-loop experiments and step shear rate experiment. Multiple relaxation modes were adopted, and the parameters used to describe the nonlinear viscoelasticity in the two models were obtained by fitting the shear-thinning viscosity. The predictions on those transient shear characteristics by the two models are found in qualitative agreement with our previous experiments. Johnson– Segalman model predicts oscillation behavior in the thixotropy-loop and step shear rate experiments, whereas Giesekus model does not. Both models predict higher shear stresses than the experimental data in the case of long time shearing, implying that both models are not able to completely characterize the time-dependent shear stress of the melt at high shear rate.The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10402024, 50335010).The English text was polished by Yunming Chen.     

基于剪切梁的地垒断层型矿震解析分析

为得到地垒组合型断层失稳诱发矿震的方式及断层影响区顶板平衡结构的解析解,将顶板简化为剪切梁模型进行分析.基于弹性剪切梁确定了顶板最大等效剪力位置和顶板初次垮落步距的计算公式.顶板等效剪力随着采空区跨度的增加而增加,达到顶板极限值时发生初次来压,顶板断裂位置出现在煤层内部.用弹塑性剪切梁模型分析存在地垒断层的采场顶板初次来压和周期来压,当最大等效剪力达到断层剪切极限时,断层错动,释放能量,发生矿震.     

钢筋混凝土桥墩弯剪数值分析模型

基于修正的压力场理论MCFT(The Modified Compression Field Theory)和纤维单元模型建立了钢筋混凝土桥墩的弯剪数值分析模型,以MCFT理论确定桥墩的剪切力-剪切位移关系,并与考虑桥墩弯曲变形的纤维单元模型组合,共同考虑桥墩的弯-剪-轴力耦合作用.通过与六个弯剪破坏控制的圆形截面钢筋混凝土桥墩拟静力试验结果的对比,对分析模型进行了验证.主要认识结论为基于MCFT理论可准确地计算弯剪破坏桥墩的屈服荷载、极限荷载和弹性阶段剪切刚度,剪切开裂是引起钢筋混凝土构件剪切力-剪切位移关系刚度突变的主要因素,而弯曲开裂与纵筋屈服对刚度的影响较小;分析模型对弯剪破坏桥墩的滞回曲线、弯曲与剪切变形成分均进行了较为准确的模拟分析.     

Viscoelastic plastic rheological model for particle filled polymer melts

A viscoelastic plastic model for suspension of small particles in polymer melts has been developed. In this model, the total stress is assumed to be the sum of stress in the polymer matrix and the filler network. A nonlinear viscoelastic model along with a yield criterion were used to represent the stresses in the polymer matrix and the filler network, respectively. The yield function is defined in terms of differential equations with an internal parameter. The internal parameter models the evolution of structure changes during floc rupture and restoration. The theoretical results were obtained for steady and oscillatory shear flow and compared with experimental data for particle filled thermoplastic melt. The experimental data included the steady state shear strress over a wide range of shear rates, the transient stress in a start up shear flow, stress relaxation after cessation of a steady state shear flow, the step shear and the oscillatory shear flow at various amplitudes.     

A new thixotropic model for waxy crude

Waxy crude oil shows thixotropic behavior below the gelation temperature. The mostly used thixotropic model for waxy crude is the model proposed by Houska. One problem of Houska’s model is that after the stepwise change in shear rate, the predicted shear stress decreases to its equilibrium value more quickly than the measured data. To address this problem, a new viscoplastic thixotropic model is proposed. The evolution of structural parameter is described by a new kinetic equation. In the kinetic equation, a new pre-factor with shear strain as variable is introduced for the buildup and breakdown terms, and the breakdown term is assumed to be dependent on energy dissipation rate rather than on shear rate. The proposed model was validated by the stepwise shear rate test and hysteresis loop test. And the results showed that the new model’s fitting and predictive capability is satisfactory.     

On the application of the additive decomposition of generalized strain measures in large strain plasticity

In the present paper two thermodynamically consistent large strain plasticity models are examined and compared in finite simple shear. The first model (A) is based on the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient, while the second one (B) on the additive decomposition of generalized strain measures. Both models are applied to a rigid-plastic material described by the von Mises-type yield criterion. Since both models include neither hardening nor softening law, a constant shear stress response even for large amounts of shear is expected. Indeed, the model A exhibits the true constant shear stress behavior independent of the elastic material law. In contrast, the model B leads to a spurious shear stress increase or drop such that its applicability under finite shear deformations may be questioned.     

Modelling of adiabatic shear band development from small imperfections

A model of shear banding is presented which shows how a wide shear band develops from a narrow imperfection in an elasto-viscoplastic material subjected to dynamic shear strain. The model predicts that the width of the shear band is (i) independent of the properties of the initial imperfection and (ii) dependent upon thermal conductivity and strain rate. The dependence upon strain rate is verified qualitatively and quantitatively from experimental results. Finally, the model predicts narrowing of the region of rapid straining with ongoing deformation as is observed in experiment.