反应堆三角形通道棒束间二次流动的数值研究

采用非线性Ｋ－ε湍流模式数值模拟三角形通道棒束中的二次流动，并考察其对流动和传热的影响。数值方法采用非正交曲线坐标系下求解控制方程的非交错网格方法。计算结果表明该模式能够较为有效地反映棒束中的二次流动，进一步分析表明二次流动有利于改善棒束中的流动和传热特性。     

固定网格下的特征线法求解溃坝问题

溃坝问题是典型的非线性双曲方程的Riemann问题，其数值求解的难点在于对间断面的捕捉以及避免间断面处在数值计算过程中产生数值色散，因而为求解此问题所产生的各种数值计算方法的优劣也体现在这两个方面。本文针对溃坝问题提出一种新的计算方法。该方法基于对偶变量推导的浅水波方程，根据方程的特点，从方程的特征值和黎曼不变量出发，采用高精度的激波捕捉方法计算黎曼不变量的位置随时间的变化，然后映射至不随时间变化的固定网格。根据黎曼不变量的位置，采用保形分段三次Hermite插值将物理量映射至网格节点。计算结果显示，该方法不仅操作简单，计算量小，而且结果准确。     

不可压粘流N－S方程的边界积分解法

对原变量的Ｎ－Ｓ方程进行一阶时间离散，采用共轭梯度法解除压强－速度的耦合．对所得的一系列Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ方程、Ｐｏｓｓｉｏｎ方程和Ｈｅｌｍｈｏｔｚ方程均进行边界积分法求解，首次得到了粘性Ｎ－Ｓ方程的边界积分表示式．圆柱的定常、非定常尾迹计算结果表明了本文方法的有效性．     

不可压粘流N－S方程的边界积分解法

对原变量的Ｎ－Ｓ方程进行一阶时间离散，采用共轭梯度法解除压强－速度的耦合．对所得的一系列Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ方程、Ｐｏｓｓｉｏｎ方程和Ｈｅｌｍｈｏｔｚ方程均进行边界积分法求解，首次得到了粘性Ｎ－Ｓ方程的边界积分表示式．圆柱的定常、非定常尾迹计算结果表明了本文方法的有效性．     

梯形渠道正常水深和底宽的迭代解

梯形渠道正常水深和底宽的迭代解郝树棠（兰州铁道学院环境工程系兰州７３００７０）目前手工计算梯形断面渠道正常水深和底宽常用的方法有试算－图解法和计算－查拉赫曼诺夫诺谟图法，机算一般采用二分法。试算－图解法的缺点是计算工作量大，又需绘图，很费时间；计算－...     

梯形渠道正常水深和底宽的迭代解

梯形渠道正常水深和底宽的迭代解郝树棠（兰州铁道学院环境工程系兰州７３００７０）目前手工计算梯形断面渠道正常水深和底宽常用的方法有试算－图解法和计算－查拉赫曼诺夫诺谟图法，机算一般采用二分法。试算－图解法的缺点是计算工作量大，又需绘图，很费时间；计算－...     

叶轮机内部流场的修正Taylor—Galerkin（MDTGFE）有限元法

首先改进了ＴＧＦＥ的基本假设考虑前后时间步之间的非线性效应，对流函数－涡量方程进行有限元离散，得到了修正Ｔａｙｌｏｒ－Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ算法的有限元离散公式。采用这种方法，我们计算了后台阶绕流流动。另外，还用本方法的思想计算了叶轮机内部准三元流动。     

固定网格下的特征线法求解溃坝问题

溃坝问题是典型的非线性双曲方程的Riemann问题,其数值求解的难点在于对间断面的捕捉以及避免间断面处在数值计算过程中产生数值色散,因而为求解此问题所产生的各种数值计算方法的优劣也体现在这两个方面。本文针对溃坝问题提出一种新的计算方法。该方法基于对偶变量推导的浅水波方程,根据方程的特点,从方程的特征值和黎曼不变量出发,采用高精度的激波捕捉方法计算黎曼不变量的位置随时间的变化,然后映射至不随时间变化的固定网格。根据黎曼不变量的位置,采用保形分段三次Hermite插值将物理量映射至网格节点。计算结果显示,该方法不仅操作简单,计算量小,而且结果准确。     

资金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目

采用能计及非线性结构刚度的颤振方程为控制方程,和非定常N-S方程耦合求解,运用龙格-库塔方法在时域内求解结构响应的时间历程,从而确定颤振临界条件.计算了带结构刚度非线性的跨音速颤振特性.计算结果表明,结构刚度非线性对颤振特性有明显的影响.由于同时具有结构和气动力非线性,导致了具有复杂振荡极限环的特性.     

用RNGK─ε模式数值模拟180°弯道内的湍流分离流动

将Ｙａｋｈｏｔ与Ｏｒｓｚａｇ新近提出的ＲＮＧＫ－ε湍流模式推广应用于１８０°强曲率弯道内的湍流分离流动的数值模拟，计算在任意曲线坐标下进行，并采用速度协变分量作为求解变量以保证计算的高度稳定性，控制方程的求解采用通常的控制容积法，文中给出了详细的数值计算结果，并与实验结果进行了比较，结果表明，ＲＮＧＫ－ε湍流模式能有效地模拟有强曲率影响的湍流分离流动，展示了这一模式在工程湍流计算中的前景     

EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE AERODYNAMIC ADMITTANCE OF A BRIDGE DECK SEGMENT

The gust loading on bridge decks is described by the dynamic forces on a chord-wise strip and by the spatial distribution of these forces across the span. An experimental method to evaluate the aerodynamic admittance of a segment of a bridge deck that includes a combination of the cross-sectional admittance and the spatial distribution of the forces is presented in this paper. The method is based on wind tunnel tests in turbulent flow on a motionless section model of the deck. The approach has been validated experimentally on a closed-box girder bridge deck but can be applied to bridge decks of any cross-section.     

变宽截面箱梁剪力滞效应研究

将变宽度截面箱梁的剪力滞翘曲位移函数定义为三次抛物线形式,用能量变分原理建立了分析变宽截面箱梁剪力滞效应的控制微分方程,并用差分法求解此方程。分别计算了简支箱梁在集中荷载和均布荷载作用下的正应力,并用有限元法作了验证。将计算结果与等截面箱梁的应力进行对比,总结变宽箱梁剪力滞效应的分布规律。结果表明,均布荷载作用下,相对于等截面梁,变宽箱梁的顶板应力变化幅度更大,峰值更高,箱梁的顶板宽度变化对剪力滞效应影响较大;在集中荷载作用下,等截面与变宽度箱梁跨中截面的应力相近,应力分布曲线吻合较好,说明顶板宽度变化对剪力滞效应影响较小;分别在集中和均布荷载作用下,箱梁跨中截面应力均为正剪力滞分布状态。当箱梁顶板、底板和悬臂板宽度相等时,剪力滞效应控制微分方程也适用于等截面箱梁。     

箱形梁剪力滞和剪切效应引起的附加挠度分析

将箱形梁腹板剪切变形纳入初等梁挠曲变形,在全截面上引入剪力滞翘曲修正系数,重新定义了剪力滞翘曲位移模式。选取剪力滞效应引起的附加挠度为广义位移,计算外力势能时考虑剪力滞广义位移的影响,应用能量变分法建立了反映剪力滞和剪切效应的控制微分方程,并导出了均布荷载作用下简支箱梁和两跨连续箱梁剪力滞和剪切效应附加挠度的解析解。数值算例表明,本文方法计算的总挠度值与有限元数值解吻合良好,从而验证了本文方法的合理性。算例箱梁剪切附加挠度明显大于剪力滞附加挠度;简支箱梁跨中截面的剪切和剪力滞附加挠度分别占初等梁挠度的2.50%和1.97%,两跨连续箱梁距中支点9l/16截面分别占27.45%和16.87%。     

An accurate singularity-free geometrically exact beam formulation using Euler parameters

Wind-induced nonlinear oscillations of twin-box girder bridges are very sensitive to the aerodynamic shape of the deck (i.e., slot width ratio (SWR) and wind fairing shape) due to the complicated flow characteristics around the bridge deck. This paper presents a fully integrated finite element (FE) model in time domain, involving a nonlinear aerodynamic force model and a bridge FE model, to allow the investigation of nonlinear oscillation behaviors of long-span twin-box girder bridges with various SWRs and wind fairing shapes. The parameters in integrated FE model were firstly identified by using CFD simulation, and then, the proposed model was validated by conducting wind tunnel testing using sectional models and full-bridge aeroelastic models. It demonstrates that the developed integrated model has the capability of simulating the nonlinear flutter behaviors of twin-box girder bridges with various aerodynamic shapes. Furthermore, the prediction results show that the wind fairing shape has significant impact on the degree of freedom participation in coupled oscillation and failure modes, as well as flutter performance of the bridges. In addition, there is an increase in amplitudes of the limit cycle oscillations with the increase in the SWR of the twin-box girder bridges, and the relationships between the bending-torsional coupled oscillation, failure modes, and SWR of the bridges with anti-symmetric wind fairings are opposite to those with symmetric wind fairings.     

三角翼的双襟翼控涡作用的数值模拟研究

对装有“前端襟翼”和“前缘襟翼”的７４°后掠三角翼的不可压缩流场作了数值模拟,以研究襟翼的旋涡控制作用．数值模拟是用拟压缩性方法求解一般曲线坐标系下的三维不可压缩Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程,时间离散用向后Ｅｕｌｅｒ差分,空间无粘项的离散用二阶迎风ＴＶＤ格式,所得的离散方程用对角化形式的近似隐式因子分解格式求解．湍流模型用Ｂａｌｄｗｉｎ－Ｌｏｍａｘ代数模式．计算了三种平面形状的机翼在迎角范围为１０°～５０°的绕流和气动特性．计算和实验的比较表明,襟翼向下偏转可以推迟旋涡破裂,且对提高机翼的减阻能力、升阻比和改善失速前后的气动特性有明显效果,双襟翼具有更佳的控涡效果．     

Calculation of nonlinear aerodynamic characteristics of a wing using a 3‐D panel method

The nonlinear aerodynamic characteristic of a wing is investigated using the frequency‐domain panel method. To calculate the nonlinear aerodynamic characteristics of a three‐dimensional wing, the iterative decambering approach is introduced into the frequency‐domain panel method. The decambering approach uses the known nonlinear aerodynamic characteristic of airfoil and calculates two‐variable decambering function to take into consideration the boundary‐layer separation effects for the each section of the wing. The multidimensional Newton iteration is used to account for the coupling between the different sections of wing. The nonlinear aerodynamic analyses for a rectangular wing, a tapered wing, and a wing with the control surface are performed. Present results are given with experiments and other numerical results. Computed results are in good agreement with other data. This method can be used for any wing having different nonlinear aerodynamic characteristics of airfoil. The present method will contribute to the analysis of aircraft in the conceptual design because the present method can predict the nonlinear aerodynamic characteristics of a wing with a few computing resources and significant time. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

车载作用下大跨度悬索桥钢箱梁受力状态的实验研究

钢箱梁结构在现代大跨度悬索桥体系中较多采用.作为最主要的组成部分之一,其在车辆荷载作用下的受力状态倍受关注.然而目前通过有限元计算还难以获得钢箱梁各细部构造的精确应力值.本文以润扬长江公路大桥南汊悬索桥为背景,介绍了该桥静动载试验中的车辆加载工况和钢箱梁测试截面应力测点的布置等.利用该桥钢箱梁实测应力结果,分析了多种车辆荷载工况下大跨度悬索桥钢箱梁的应力水平及其分布,同时进行了钢箱梁各测试截面受力状态的对比研究,在此基础上总结了大跨度悬索桥钢箱梁结构在车载作用下的受力特点.研究结论为同类钢箱梁的受力状态分析提供了参考依据.     

A FORM OF AERODYNAMIC ADMITTANCE FOR USE IN BRIDGE AEROELASTIC ANALYSIS

This paper returns to, and addresses, the question of identifying the nature of aerodynamic admittance in relation to extended-span bridges in wind. Theoretical formulations for the sectional aerodynamic forces acting upon the deck girder of a long-span bridge have conventionally been composed of the sum of two kinds of terms: aeroelastic terms and buffeting terms. The former employ frequency-dependent coefficients (“flutter derivatives”) associated with sinusoidal displacements of the structure, while the latter have typically been expressed in quasi-static terms with fixed lift, drag and moment coefficients. This inconsistency of formulation has required that at some point the buffeting terms, functions of gust velocity, be adjusted to a more compatible form through the introduction of the so-called aerodynamic admittance factors that are frequency-dependent. The present paper identifies a form of these several section-force factors as functions of the flutter derivatives themselves.     

ANALYSIS OF SHEAR LAG EFFECT OF TWIN-CELL BOX GIRDERS

针对单箱双室箱梁,考虑各翼板间剪力滞翘曲的差异,并结合全截面轴力自平衡条件,定义了箱梁各翼板的剪滞翘曲位移函数. 利用最小势能原理,建立了双室箱梁考虑剪力滞效应的控制微分方程. 对一典型的单箱双室简支箱梁,利用空间板壳数值方法和本文解析解方法,研究了满跨均布载荷和跨中集中力作用下截面的剪力滞分布规律. 结果表明,本文提出的剪力滞翘曲位移模式能够反映双室箱梁各翼板间剪力滞翘曲的差异,本文解析解与有限元数值解吻合良好. 双室箱梁中腹板部位顶、底板处的剪力滞效应与边腹板部位有一定差异,对算例结构,中腹板部位的顶、底板应力小于边腹板部位的应力.