一种基于材料延性耗散模型的疲劳损伤研究方法

本文从疲劳损伤导致材料延性下降这一事实出发,采用疲劳损伤延展性耗散模型,对低周疲劳定义了一种新的损伤变量,并进行了实验测量研究。结果表明,新损伤变量具有明确的物理意义,测定方法简单,能直接与材料机械性能相联系。     

基于微-细观机理的混凝土疲劳损伤本构模型

该文致力于混凝土疲劳损伤发展机理的微细观解释. 以速率过程理论为基础,通过考虑裂纹断裂过程区中的水分子动力作用,在细观尺度上建立了具有物理机理的疲劳损伤能量耗散表达式. 结合细观随机断裂模型,以宏观损伤力学为框架,建立了疲劳损伤演化方程. 通过数值模拟,计算了单轴受拉时的疲劳损伤演化以及不同加载幅度下的疲劳寿命. 与相关试验结果的对比显示出该文模型能够很好地表现混凝土材料的疲劳损伤演化过程.      

基于能量耗散分析的混凝土随机疲劳损伤模型

基于微-细观随机断裂模型(MMSF)发展了一类混凝土随机疲劳损伤模型。该模型将MMSF中的微弹簧视为一能量耗散单元并考察了其跨尺度的能量耗散过程。在纳观尺度,引入速率过程理论描述裂纹的扩展速度,并基于裂纹层级模型和自相似假定完成从纳观尺度到微观尺度的过渡。由此建立了微弹簧在疲劳荷载作用下的多尺度耗能描述。此外,为了考虑疲劳加载中混凝土多条裂纹的相互影响,引入了包含损伤扩展效应和损伤愈合效应的疲劳损伤因子来修正耗能表达。通过与相关试验的对比,证明了该模型能反映疲劳荷载作用下混凝土的主要力学行为,如疲劳损伤三阶段特点、疲劳寿命的离散性和疲劳寿命随加载频率的变化趋势等。     

沥青混合料疲劳过程的损伤力学分析

采用损伤力学方法研究沥青混合料的疲劳失效问题。针对悬壁梁弯曲疲劳试件,推导出疲劳过程中应力场、损伤场和疲劳裂纹形成寿命的工程封闭公式。根据沥青混合料特点,提出一种模拟疲劳裂纹扩展的特征单元失效模式,从而将疲劳裂纹形成与扩展两个阶段统一用损伤力学理论进行描述和分析。本文对沥青混合料试件的疲劳裂纹形成寿命与扩展寿命分段进行了预测,还对疲劳过程中刚度衰减及位移幅值的演化过程进行了数值模拟计算。理论预期与实验结果吻合良好。     

链网模型与Si_3N_4陶瓷材料宏细观力学行为模拟

假定原位增强陶瓷材料中存在的众多微裂纹将基体分割成块，增强体长颗粒的桥联是块间的传力机制，提出了一种链网模型，用于模拟材料宏观力学行为与细观损伤演化，论述了模型参量与材料细观组元几何，物理参数之间的关系，给出了典型的数值模拟结果并进行了统计分析。     

高周疲劳各向异性损伤问题研究

引用损伤力学方法研究金属构件疲劳问题，并采用微结构力学模型建立了各向异性疲劳损伤本构关系与附加力-有限元解法，以损伤划分步长预估了构件疲劳裂纹形成与扩展寿命．用这一方法预估30CrMnSiNi2A材料含缺口圆棒试件全寿命．结果表明，理论S—N曲线与试验S—N曲线吻合良好．该方法所需机时较少，可用于工程实际构件的疲劳寿命预估及抗疲劳优化设计．     

基于局域分析的疲劳短裂纹群体演化随机模型

采用局域裂纹数密度描述金属材料中不同局部区域的疲劳短裂纹群体损伤的发展情况通过考虑在不同局域存在的材料性质的随机涨落及局部损伤对损伤总量发展的影响，建立了局域裂纹数密度演化随机方程对方程数值求解从而模拟了材料的疲劳短裂纹损伤过程结果显示出主裂纹出现的随机性，并讨论了裂纹总数与最大裂纹尺度在统计意义上的演化特征     

金属材料的非线性疲劳累积损伤模型及强度衰减分析

用连续介质损伤力学的方法推导得到了一个非线性的损伤发展方程，该方程计及了加载过程应力与损伤的完全耦合效应；又由损伤发展方程得到了一个计及加载循环周内和循环周间损伤积累非线性效应的完全非线性疲劳累积损伤模型，已有的部分非线性疲劳累积损伤模型成为它的特例。由损伤发展方程确定了材料剩余强度随损伤发展的衰减规律和临界损伤值。     

各向异性损伤力学在螺纹疲劳寿命预估中的应用

引用损伤力学方法研究金属构件疲劳问题。在微结构力学模型基础上建立轴对称的各向异性疲劳损伤本构关系,通过有限元-附加力解法编制考虑各向异性损伤的有限元程序。应用引入门槛条件的损伤演化方程,并以损伤划分步长预估了构件疲劳裂纹形成与扩展寿命。用这一方法预估30CrMnSiNi2Aφ5和φ8螺栓全寿命。结果表明,理论S-N曲线与试验S-N曲线吻合良好并且门槛条件对修正低应力下疲劳寿命有很好的效果。本方法所需机时较少,可用于工程实际构件的高周疲劳寿命预估及抗疲劳优化设计。     

一个修正的金属材料低周疲劳损伤模型

疲劳破坏是金属最常见的失效形式之一。基于连续损伤力学理论和能量原理,本文提出了一个修正的金属材料低周疲劳损伤演化方程,该方程综合考虑了材料的塑性强化、微裂纹闭合效应等因素对损伤累积的影响。将修正后的损伤演化方程以UMAT子程序的形式导入有限元计算软件ABAQUS之中,建立了疲劳损伤的计算模型,并以铝合金7050-T7451为例对该模型的有效性和适用性进行了验证。     

Simulation of the stochastic damage evolution process under low cycle fatigue by the finite element method

A numerical simulation of stochastic damage evolution process in the condition of low cycle fatigue loading is discussed. The relations between damage variables and micro-cracks are obtained by means of the micro-mechanics model of the representative volume element proposed by Lemaitre and Dufailly^[10]. The stochastic initial damage values are introduced in consideration of the inherent micro-defects in materials. The model combined with a finite element method is applied to simulate the damage evolution process under low cycle fatigue loading. The micro-cracks on the sur face of a specimen of 19Mn6 alloy steel are measured with a replica technique. The numerical results show that the nonhomogeneity of damage and the localization of the fatigue failure are well shown by the proposed simulations, and the fatigue lives are reasonably predicted.     

THE FATIGUE CONSTITUTIVE MODEL OF CONCRETE BASED ON MICRO-MESO MECHANICS

该文致力于混凝土疲劳损伤发展机理的微细观解释. 以速率过程理论为基础,通过考虑裂纹断裂过程区中的水分子动力作用,在细观尺度上建立了具有物理机理的疲劳损伤能量耗散表达式. 结合细观随机断裂模型,以宏观损伤力学为框架,建立了疲劳损伤演化方程. 通过数值模拟,计算了单轴受拉时的疲劳损伤演化以及不同加载幅度下的疲劳寿命. 与相关试验结果的对比显示出该文模型能够很好地表现混凝土材料的疲劳损伤演化过程.     

Revised damage evolution equation for high cycle fatigue life prediction of aluminum alloy LC4 under uniaxial loading

The fatigue life prediction for components is a difficult task since many factors can affect the final fatigue life. Based on the damage evolution equation of Lemaitre and Desmorat, a revised two-scale damage evolution equation for high cycle fatigue is presented according to the experimental data, in which factors such as the stress amplitude and mean stress are taken into account. Then, a method is proposed to obtain the material parameters of the revised equation from the present fatigue experimental data. Finally, with the utilization of the ANSYS parametric design language (APDL) on the ANSYS platform, the coupling effect between the fatigue damage of materials and the stress distribution in structures is taken into account, and the fatigue life of specimens is predicted. The outcome shows that the numerical prediction is in accord with the experimental results, indicating that the revised two-scale damage evolution model can be well applied for the high cycle fatigue life prediction under uniaxial loading.     

混凝土疲劳分析方法综述

从探究物理机制的视角对混凝土疲劳研究进行了逻辑上的梳理,表明既有研究可分为3 类主要模型:基于疲劳试验分析的现象学模型、基于断裂力学的疲劳裂纹扩展模型和基于损伤力学的疲劳损伤演化模型. 通过解析具有典型性的研究,论述了不同类型研究的特点. 进而,从还原论的角度出发,阐明了速率过程理论可以作为解释混凝土材料疲劳损伤演化的物理基础. 注意到疲劳试验结果所表现出的显著随机性,阐述了应以物理随机系统思想研究混凝土疲劳问题的观点.     

Stochastic damage model for concrete based on energy equivalent strain

Starting with the framework of conventional elastoplastic damage mechanics, a class of stochastic damage constitutive model is derived based on the concept of energy equivalent strain. The stochastic damage model derived from the parallel element model is adopted to develop the uniaxial damage evolution function. Based on the expressions of damage energy release rates (DERRs) conjugated to the damage variables thermodynamically, the concept and its tensor formulations of energy equivalent strain is proposed to bridge the gap between the uniaxial and the multiaxial constitutive models. Furthermore, a simplified coupling model is proposed to consider the evolution of plastic strain. And the analytical expressions of the constitutive model in 2-D are established from the abstract tensor expression. Several numerical simulations are presented against the biaxial loading test results of concrete, demonstrating that the proposed models can reflect the salient features for concrete under uniaxial and biaxial loading conditions.     

A first-order strain gradient damage model for simulating quasi-brittle failure in porous elastic solids

In order to simulate quasi-brittle failure in porous elastic solids, a continuum damage model has been developed within the framework of strain gradient elasticity. An essential ingredient of the continuum damage model is the local strain energy density for pure elastic response as a function of the void volume fraction, the local strains and the strain gradients, respectively. The model adopts Griffith’s approach, widely used in linear elastic fracture mechanics, for predicting the onset and the evolution of damage due to evolving micro-cracks. The effect of those micro-cracks on the local material stiffness is taken into account by defining an effective void volume fraction. Thermodynamic considerations are used to specify the evolution of the latter. The principal features of the model are demonstrated by means of a one-dimensional example. Key aspects are discussed using analytical results and numerical simulations. Contrary to other continuum damage models with similar objectives, the model proposed here includes the effect of the internal length parameter on the onset of damage evolution. Furthermore, it is able to account for boundary layer effects.