Lie symmetries and conserved quantities of nonconservative nonholonomic systems in phase space

The invariance and conserved quantities of the nonconservative nonholonomic systems are studied by introducing the infinitesimal transformations in phase space.The Lie’s symmetrical determining equations are establish ed.The Lie’s symmetrical structure equation is obtained.An example to illustrate the application of the result is given.     

相空间中有二阶线性单面约束的非完整系统的Lie对称性与守恒量

研究相空间中有二阶线性单面约束的非完整系统的Lie对称性与守恒量。首先根据微分方程在无限小变换下的不变性建立Lie对称性所满足的确定方程和限制方程，给出结构方程和守恒量；其次讨论系统的Lie对称性逆问题。最后举一实例说明结果的应用。     

Boundary element method for buckling eigenvalue problem and its convergence analysis

The conditions for determining solution of buckling eigenvalue problem are discussed. The corresponding system of integral equations with constraint conditions and boundary variational equations with Lagrange multiplier are established. The theorems on the existence and uniqueness of the solution for these problems are given. The corresponding boundary element method is constructed and the error estimation for the approximation solution is obtained. Finally the numerical example is given. Foundation item: the National Natural Science Foundation Pre-research Project (T4107015) Biography: Ding Rui (1969-)     

THE LIE SYMMETRIES AND CONSERVED QUANTITIES OF VARIABLE-MASS NONHOLONOMIC SYSTEM OF NON-CHETAEV''''S TYPE IN PHASE SPACE

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｆｓｙｍｍｅｔｒｙａｎｄｃｏｎｓｅｒｖｅｄｑｕａｎｔｉｔｙｏｆｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌｓｙｓｔｅｍｉｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｔｏｐｉｃｉｎｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃｓ,ｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃｓａｎｄｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ .ＴｈｅｍｏｄｅｒｎｔｈｅｏｒｉｅｓｏｆｓｙｍｍｅｔｒｙａｎｄｃｏｎｓｅｒｖｅｄｑｕａｎｔｉｔｙｏｆｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌｓｙｓｔｅｍｉｎｃｌｕｄｅＮｏｅｔｈｅｒｓｙｍｍｅｔｒｙｔｈｅｏｒｙａｎｄＬｉｅｓｙｍｍｅｔｒｙｔｈｅｏｒｙ .Ｉｎ 1979Ｍ .Ｌｕｔｚｋｙａｎｄｏ…     

Lie symmetries and conserved quantities of rotational relativistic systems

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎ1979,Ｒ.ＢｅｎｇｔｓｓｏｎａｎｄＳ.Ｆｒａｎｅｎｄｏｒｆａｃｃｕｒａｔｌｙｍｅａｓｕｒｅｄｔｈｅｍａｘｉｍｕｍｖａｌｕｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｐｉｎｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙｏｆ14ｋｉｎｄｓｏｆｎｕｃｌｅｏｎｓ,ａｎｄｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｓｈｏｗｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｍａｘｉｍｕｍｖａｌｕｅｏｆｔｈｅｓｐｉｎｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙｏｆｏｎｅｎｕｃｌｅｏｎｗａｓｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｔｏｔｈｏｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｓ[1].Ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｓｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ,…     

RENEWAL OF BASIC LAWS AND PRINCIPLES FOR POLAR CONTINUUM THEORIES (Ⅴ)——POLAR THERMOMECHANICAL CONTINUA

The purpose is to reestablish rather complete basic balance equations and boundary conditions for polar thermomechanical continua based on the restudy of the traditional theories of micropolar thermoelasticity and thermopiezoelectricity. The equations of motion and the local balance equation of energy rate for micropolar thermoelasticity are derived from the rather complete principle of virtual power. The equations of motion, the balance equation of entropy and all boundary conditions are derived from the rather complete Hamilton principle. The new balance equations of momentum and energy rate which are essentially different from the existing results are presented. The corresponding results of micromorphic thermoelasticity and couple stress elastodynamics may be naturally obtained by the transition and the reduction from the micropolar case, respectively. Finally, the results of micropolar thermopiezoelectricity are directly given. Contributed by DAI Tian-min, Original Member of Editorial Committee, AMM Foundation items: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10072024); the Research Foundation of Liaoning Education Committee (990111001) Biography: DAI Tian-min (1931-)     

CONSTITUTIVE RELATION OF UNSATURATED SOIL BY USE OF THE MIXTURE THEORY (Ⅱ)-LINEAR CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS AND FIELD EQUATIONS

The linear constitutive equations and field equations of unsaturated soils were obtained through linearizing the nonlinear equations given in the first part of this work. The linear equations were expressed in the forms similar to Biot’s equations for saturated porous media. The Darcy’s laws of unsaturated soil were proved. It is shown that Biot’s equations of saturated porous media are the simplification of the theory. All these illustrate that constructing constitutive relation of unsaturated soil on the base of mixture theory is rational.     

Two types of new algorithms for finding explicit analytical solutions of nonlinear differential equations

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＦｏｒｓｅｖｅｒａｌｈｕｎｄｒｅｄｙｅａｒｓ,ｉｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｂｏｔｈｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔａｎｄｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｐｒｏｊｅｃｔｔｏｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｔｈｅａｎａｌｙｔｉｃａｌｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓｆｏｒｎｏｎｌｉｎｅａｒｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｌｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｓ.Ｍａｎｙｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃｉａｎｓａｎｄｔｈｅｏｒｅｔｉｃａｌｐｈｙｓｉｃｉｓｔｓｈａｖｅｄｏｎｅａｌｏｔｏｆｗｏｒｋ[1～ 5 ].Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ,ｔｈｅｒｅｅｘｉｓｔｌｏｔｓｏｆｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔａｎｄｂｅｉｎｇｏｆｐ…     

ON THE WELL POSEDNESS OF INITIAL VALUE PROBLEM FOR EULER EQUATIONS OF INCOMPRESSIBLE INVISCID FLUID(Ⅱ)

The solvability of the Euler equations about incompressible inviscid fluid based on the stratification theory is discussed. And the conditions for the existence of formal solutions and the methods are presented for calculating all kinds of ill-posed initial value problems. Two examples are given as the evidences that the initial problems at the hyper surface does not exist any unique solution. Foundation item: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19971054) Biography: Shen Zhen (1977−)     

RESTUDY OF COUPLED FIELD THEORIES FOR MICROPOLAR CONTINUA (Ⅱ)-THERMOPIEZOELECTRICITY AND MAGNETOTHERMOELASTICITY

The theories of thermopiezoelectricity and magnetoelasticity for micropolar continua have been systematically developed by W. Nowacki. In this paper, the theories are restudied. The reason why they were restricted to linear cases is analyzed. The more general conservation principle of energy, energy balance equation and Hamilton principle of thermopiezoelectricity and magnetoelasticity for micropolar continua are established. The corresponding complete equations of motion and boundary conditions as well as balance equations of energy rate for local and nonlocal micropolar thermopiezoelectricity and magnetothermoelasticity are naturally derived. By means of two new functionals and total variation the boundary conditions of displacement, microrotation, electric potential and temperature are also given. Foundation item: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10072024); the International Cooperation Project of the NSFC (10011130235) and the DFG (51520001); the Research Foundation of the Liaoning Education Committee (990111001) Biography: DAI Tian-min (1931-)     

ON THE WELL POSEDNESS OF INITIAL VALUE PROBLEM FOR EULER EQUATIONS OF INCOMPRESSIBLE INVISCID FLUID(Ⅰ)

The ill posed initial value problem of the Euler equations and the formal solvability of ill posed problem based on stratification theory are discussed. For some ill posed initial value problems, the existence conditions of formal solutions and the methods of how to construct a formal solution are given. Finally, an example is given to discuss the ill posedness of the initial value problem on hyper plane {t=0} in R⁴, and explain that the problem has more than one solution. Foundation item: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19971054) Biography: Shen Zhen (1977−)     

RENEWAL OF BASIC LAWS AND PRINCIPLES FOR POLAR CONTINUUM THEORIES (Ⅲ) —NOETHER’S THEOREM

The existing various couple stress theories have been carefully restudied.The purpose is to propose a coupled Noether’s theorem and to reestablish rather complete conservation laws and balance equations for couple stress elastodynamics. The new concrete forms of various conservation laws of couple stress elasticity are derived. The precise nature of these conservation laws which result from the given invariance requirements are established. Various special cases are reduced and the results of micropolar continua may be naturally transited from the results presented in this paper.     

Mei symmetries and conserved quantities for non-conservative Hamiltonian difference systems with irregular lattices

Noether conserved quantities and Mei symmetries for non-conservative Hamiltonian difference systems with irregular lattices are studied. The generalized Hamiltonian equations of the systems are given on the basis of the transformation operators in the space of discrete Hamiltonians. The Lie point transformations acting on the lattice, as well as the difference equations, and the determining equations of Mei symmetries are obtained for the systems. The discrete versions of Noether conserved quantity are constructed by the Mei symmetries. An example is presented to illustrate the results.     

Lie symmetry and approximate Hojman conserved quantity of Appell equations for a weakly nonholonomic system

For a weakly nonholonomic system, the Lie symmetry and approximate Hojman conserved quantity of Appell equations are studied. Based on the Appell equations for a weakly nonholonomic system under special infinitesimal transformations of a group in which the time is invariable, the definition of the Lie symmetry of the weakly nonholonomic system and its first-degree approximate holonomic system are given. With the aid of the structure equation that the gauge function satisfies, the exact and approximate Hojman conserved quantities deduced directly from the Lie symmetry are derived. Finally, an example is given to study the exact and approximate Hojman conserved quantity of the system.     

Global solution of the inverse problem for a class of nonlinear evolution equations of dispersive type

The inverse problem for a class of nonlinear evolution equations of dispersive type was reduced to Cauchy problem of nonlinear evolution equation in an abstract space. By means of the semigroup method and equipping equivalent norm technique, the existence and uniqueness theorem of global solution was obtained for this class of abstract evolution equations, and was applied to the inverse problem discussed here. The existence and uniqueness theorem of global solution was given for this class of nonlinear evolution equations of dispersive type. The results extend and generalize essentially the related results of the existence and uniqueness of local solution presented by YUAN Zhong-xin. Contributed by Chen Yu-shu Foundation item: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Significance 199990510); the National Key Basic Research Special Foundation of China (G1998020316); Liuhui Center for Applied Mathematics, Nankai University & Tianjin University Biography: Chen Fang-qi (1963-)     

Fractional generalized Hamiltonian mechanics and Poisson conservation law in terms of combined Riesz derivatives

In this paper, we present a new kind of fractional dynamical equations, i.e., the fractional generalized Hamiltonian equations in terms of combined Riesz derivatives, and it is proved that the fractional generalized Hamiltonian system possesses consistent algebraic structure and Lie algebraic structure, and the Poisson conservation law of the fractional generalized Hamiltonian system is investigated. Then the conditions, which a fractional generalized Hamiltonian system can be reduced to a generalized Hamiltonian system, a fractional Hamiltonian system and a Hamiltonian system are given. Further, the conserved quantities of a fractional dynamical system are given to illustrate the method and results of the application. At last, a new fractional Volterra model of the three species groups is presented and its conserved quantities are obtained, by using the method of this paper.     

Lie symmetries and conserved quantities of second-order nonholonomic mechanical system

The Lie symmetries and the conserved quantities of the second-order nonholonomic mechanical system are studied. Firstly, by using the invariance of the differential equation of motion under the infinitesimal transformations, the determining equations and the restriction equations of the Lie symmetries of the system are established, and the structure equation and the conservative quantities of the Lie symmetries are obtained. Secondly , the inverse problems of the Lie symmetries are studied . Finally , an example is given to illustrate the application of the result.     

CONSTITUTIVE RELATION OF UNSATURATED SOIL BY USE OF THE MIXTURE THEORY(Ⅰ)-NONLINEAR CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS AND FIELD EQUATIONS

The nonlinear constitutive equations and field equations of unsaturated soils were constructed on the basis of mixture theory. The soils were treated as the mixture composed of three constituents. First, from the researches of soil mechanics, some basic assumptions about the unsaturated soil mixture were made, and the entropy inequality of unsaturated soil mixture was derived. Then, with the common method usually used to deal with the constitutive problems in mixture theory, the nonlinear constitutive equations were obtained. Finally, putting the constitutive equations of constituents into the balance equations of momentum, the nonlinear field equations of constituents were set up. The balance equation of energy of unsaturated soil was also given, and thus the complete equations for solving the thermodynamic process of unsaturated soil was formed. Foundation items: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (59678003); Special Research Plan of the Education Department of Shaanxi Province (01JK178) Biographies: HUANG Yi (1936-) ZHANG Yin-ke (1964-)     

Conserved quantities and adiabatic invariants for fractional generalized Birkhoffian systems

Based on Riemann-Liouville fractional derivatives, conserved quantities and adiabatic invariants for fractional generalized Birkhoffian systems are investigated. Firstly, fractional generalized Birkhoff equations are obtained by studying fractional generalized Pfaff-Birkhoff principle. Secondly, the definition of fractional generalized quasi-symmetry is given, the criteria of fractional generalized quasi-symmetry and the corresponding conserved quantity are achieved for fractional generalized Birkhoffian systems. Thirdly, perturbation to symmetry and adiabatic invariants for disturbed fractional generalized Birkhoffian systems are presented. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the results.     

The axisymmetric mixed boundary-value problem of the vertical vibration of a rigid foundation on saturated layered soil subgrade

Based on the theory of elastic wave propagation in saturated soil subgrade established by the author of this paper, the axisymmetric vertical vibration of a rigid circular foundation resting on partially saturated soil subgrade which is composed of a dry elastic layer and a saturated substratum is studied. The analysis relied on the use of integral transform techniques and a pair of dual integral equations governing the vertical vibration of the rigid foundation is listed under the consideration of mixed boundary-value condition. The results are reduced to the case for saturated half-space. The set of dual integral equations are reduced to a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind and solved by numerical procedures. Numerical examples are given at the end of the paper and plots of the dynamic compliance coefficient C_v versus the dimensionless frequency a₀ are presented. Foundation item: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (59579018) Biography: CHEN Sheng-li (1974-)