Controlling bifurcation in power system based on LaSalle invariant principle

Recent investigations have shown that with systemic parameters falling into a certain area a power system undergoes subcritical and supercritical Hopf, saddle-node, and period-doubling bifurcations which severely threaten the secure and stable operation of power system, even to the point of inducing voltage collapse. To control these undesirable bifurcations, an adaptive control law is presented based on the LaSalle invariance principle, which can asymptotically stabilize an unstable power system to equilibrium points. The control technique does not require analytical knowledge of the system dynamics and operates without explicit knowledge of the desired steady-state position. Simulation results show that the proposed control law is very effective. The research of this paper may help to maintain the power system’s security operation.     

Global exponential stabilization for chaotic brushless DC motors with a single input

In this paper, the global exponential stabilization for the chaotic brushless DC motor (BLDCM) is considered. Based on Lyapunov-like Theorem with differential and integral inequalities, a single and linear feedback control is proposed to realize the global stabilization of BLDCM with exponential convergence rate. The guaranteed exponential convergence rate can be also correctly estimated. Computer simulation results show that the proposed method is effective.     

Nonlinear control of induction motors based on state error PCH and energy-shaping principle

A novel nonlinear control scheme of induction motor (IM) is presented based on state error port-controlled Hamiltonian (PCH) systems and energy-shaping (ES) principle. The PCH model of IM system is established. Using interconnection assignment and damping injection method, the desired state error PCH structure is assigned to the closed-loop IM system by the ES principle. The controllers are designed when the load torque is known and unknown, respectively. A load torque estimator is developed in the presence of the load torque disturbance. Moreover, an observer is proposed to estimate the unknown load torque. The stability of the closed-loop system is also verified. Finally, speed regulation of the IM drive system is implemented based on space vector pulse-width modulation technology. The simulation results show that the system has good load disturbance attenuation and speed tracking performances.     

直流永磁电机的动态特性

该文主要讨论了永磁直流电机的动态特性理论和测量。动态特性研究的是电动机怎样响应运行指令。首先按普通直流电机的参数讨论了效电路的推导，并把摩擦负载和转动惯量等机械参数也转化成等效电路的电参数。然后按不同的条件求出来它的传递函数。最后提出了动态特性参数的测量方法。     

Chaos RBF dynamics surface control of brushless DC motor with time delay based on tangent barrier Lyapunov function

Non-dimensional mathematical model of brushless DC motor (BLDCM) system is presented here. BLDCM is known to produce chaotic phenomenon under certain conditions. This paper fuses dynamic surface control, radial basis function neural network, and adaptive technology to control the BLDCM, which overcomes the repetitive differentiation of the nonlinear terms of backstepping and the boundedness hypothesis of control gain pre-determined. The tangent barrier Lyapunov function is also used for time-delay nonlinear system with parametric uncertainties. Simulation results under different conditions indicate that the proposed method works well to suppress chaos and effects of parameter variation.     

Galilean invariance and entropy principle for systems of balance laws

The Galilean invariance of a generic system of balance laws dictates a specific dependence of the densities and fluxes on velocity. Thus these quantities decompose in a unique manner into convective and non-convetive parts. Such a decomposition permits the elimination of velocity dependencies in the entropy principle, which becomes a constraint on the constitutive functions only. These results clarify the mathematical structure of extended thermodynamics. They also provide a connection between the equations of continuum thermodynamics and the Boltzmann equation.     

Rarefied gas flows based on variational principle

A variational principle has been utilized to study Couette flow, and Kramers' velocity slip problem with specular-diffuse reflection. The method leads to extremely satisfactory analytic results for the velocity slip coefficient and also for the variation of shear stress with inverse Knudsen number. This leads us to the conclusion that the present variational principle even with extremely simple trial functions, essentially suggested by continuum flow theory, is a useful means of computing macroscopic quantities of physical interest in rarefied gas dynamics.     

A hybrid-stress element based on Hamilton principle

A novel hybrid-stress finite element method is proposed for constructing simple 4-node quadrilateral plane elements, and the new element is denoted as HH4-3fl here. Firstly, the theoretical basis of the traditional hybrid-stress elements, i.e., the Hellinger-Reissner variational principle, is replaced by the Hamilton variational principle, in which the number of the stress variables is reduced from 3 to 2. Secondly, three stress parameters and corresponding trial functions are introduced into the system equations. Thirdly, the displacement fields of the conventional bilinear isoparametric element are employed in the new models. Finally, from the stationary condition, the stress parameters can be expressed in terms of the displacement parameters, and thus the new element stiffness matrices can be obtained. Since the required number of stress variables in the Hamilton variational principle is less than that in the Hellinger-Reissner variational principle, and no additional incompatible displacement modes are considered, the new hybrid-stress element is simpler than the traditional ones. Furthermore, in order to improve the accuracy of the stress solutions, two enhanced post-processing schemes are also proposed for element HH4-3β. Numerical examples show that the proposed model exhibits great improvements in both displacement and stress solutions, implying that the proposed technique is an effective way for developing simple finite element models with high performance.     

Synchronization properties of interconnected network based on the vital node

In this paper, we perform an intensive study of the synchronization properties of interconnected network and the concepts of vital node, and the simplest and equivalent network is firstly introduced. We strictly derive the eigenvalues of Laplacian matrix and the synchronizability of interconnected network and its simplest and equivalent network through utilizing the master stability function approach. Firstly, we find the synchronizability of interconnected network is identical to its simplest and equivalent network. Secondly, we identify the general factors that determine the synchronizability of interconnected network and further analyze the impact of different factors on the synchronizability. Finally, theoretical analysis and numerical simulations are carried out to indicate the validity and effectiveness of current analysis. The current results are beneficial to understand the dynamical behaviors of complex networked systems.     

基于浸入与不变原理的四旋翼姿态系统反步滑模控制

针对较大幅度外部不确定扰动下的四旋翼姿态稳定问题,设计了一种基于浸入与不变原理(ⅠⅠ)的自适应反步滑模控制器(ABSMC)。首先建立了未知大扰动下四旋翼姿态系统动力学模型,然后以横滚角子系统搭建为例,设计并应用了反步法和基于趋进率的滑模控制策略。在扰动估计误差流型设计中,融合了ⅠⅠ原理,即自适应率的选取实现了误差流型的不变和吸引,确保估计误差收敛到0。最后,对系统进行了稳定性分析和数字仿真。结果表明,在较大未知扰动情况下,融合ⅠⅠ原理方法后,经10 s所测跟踪误差平方的累加和仅为传统ABSMC方法的11.2%,控制精度大幅提高。     

爆破振动波叠加数值预测方法

根据场地地震波的传播叠加原理,以实测单炮孔爆破振动波形为基础,考虑预测点位置与各炮孔的相对位置关系,并按照实际起爆网路设计的各炮孔起爆时差和实测的地震波传播速度等参数,计算获得预测点的爆破振动波形。不仅可以预测爆破振动速度峰值,而且可以预测完整的振动波形,并可获知爆破振动持续时间及主振频率分布范围。根据现场应用数码电子雷管的深孔爆破实验,该方法计算的预测波形与实测波形相当吻合,计算结果可靠性较好,可以在实际工程中推广使用。     

Practical tracking control under actuator saturation for a class of flexible-joint robotic manipulators driven by DC motors

Nonlinear Dynamics - This paper is devoted to the practical tracking control for a class of flexible-joint robotic manipulators driven by DC motors. Different from the related literature where...     

Nonlinear adaptive fault-tolerant control for a quadrotor UAV based on immersion and invariance methodology

Nonlinear Dynamics - This paper presents a new fault-tolerant controller based on an immersion and invariance (I&I) observer to deal with the partial loss of actuator’s effectiveness...     

Stability analysis for nonlinear fractional-order systems based on comparison principle

This work constructs a theoretical framework for the stability analysis of nonlinear fractional-order systems. A new definition, the generalized Caputo fractional derivative, is proposed for the first time. Based on that, the comparison principles for scalar and vector fractional-order systems are constructed, respectively. Furthermore, a sufficient theorem for stability analysis is proved, and how to use this theorem in stabilization is also discussed. Three examples have been presented to illustrate how to use the developed theory to analyze the stability and to design stabilization controllers. With the proposed method, the problems of stabilization and synchronization of the fractional-order chaotic fractional-order systems can be easily solved with linear feedback control.     

New axisymmetric solid elements based on an extended Hellinger-Reissner principle

4-node incompatible axisymmetric hybrid stress elements are developed by a modified rational approach based on an extended Hellinger-Reissner principle. The stress fields are derived by using the constraint conditions that the equilibrium equations of higher order stress terms are imposed in a variational sense through the additional incompatible displacements. The resulting elements enjoy good performance in bending problems and at the nearly incompressible limit. Several examples are given to demonstrate the performance of the new elements. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

混凝土薄壁箱梁温度效应的变分解

在迄今所修建的混凝土箱梁桥中,不论是其施工阶段或运营阶段,箱梁上均存在较为普遍的开裂现象,造成这一现象的原因之一可能是现有箱梁温度应力的计算方法一般沿用的是工字型截面梁的计算方法,即没有考虑箱梁顶板的横向变形所导致的影响。本文基于"等效荷载法"采用能量变分法原理对等截面矩形箱梁的温度应力进行了详细的分析和理论推导,并编制了相关计算程序,其算例分析结果与ANSYS计算结果吻合较好,表明了本文方法的正确性。同时分析结果表明,箱梁在梯度温度作用下,按常规方法计算出的纵向拉应力要小于采用本文方法的计算结果,两者相差最大可达28.2%,且在顶板下缘其横向拉应力与纵向拉应力相当,因此在设计中不考虑其横向效应是偏于不安全的,应予以充分重视。     

An application of the invariance principle to a non-linear,first order evolution problem: Asymptotic stability in non-isothermal magnetohydrodynamics

Summary The purpose of this paper is to study, with the aid of the invariance principle for dynamical systems stated by Dafermos, the asymptotic stability of the null solution of a mixed, non-linear, first order evolution problem. As a particular case, one obtains a theorem on unconditional, asymptotic stability of stationary flows of non-isothermal magnetohydrodynamics in the Boussinesq approximation.

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Sommario Tale lavoro è rivolto allo studio della stabilità asintotica della soluzione nulla di un problema di evoluzione del primo ordine, misto e non lineare. Il metodo adoperato è quello del principio di invarianza per i sistemi dinamici di Dafermos. Come conseguenza dei risultati ottenuti, poi, si determina un teorema di stabilità asintotica incondizionata per i moti stazionari della magnetoidrodinamica non isoterma nello schema di Boussinesq.

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Work performed under the auspices of CNR (Gruppo Nazionale per la Fisica Matematica).     

Multiscale reliability of physical systems based on the principle of least variance

Multiscale reliability places priority on the shifting of space-time scale while dual-scale reliability concentrates on time limits. Both can be ranked by applying the principle of least variance, although the prevailing criteria for assessment may differ. The elements measuring reliability can be ideally assumed to be non-interactive or interactive as a rule. Different formulations of the latter can be adopted to yield weak, strong, and mixed reliability depending on the application. Variance can also be referred to the average based on the linear sum, the root mean square, or otherwise. Preference will again depend on the physical system under consideration. Different space-time scale ranges can be chosen for the appropriate time span to failure. Up to now, only partial validation can be made due to the lack of lower scale data that are generated theoretically.A set of R-integrals is defined to account for the evolution effects by way of the root functions from Ideomechanics. The approach calls for a “pulsating mass” model that can connect the physical laws for the small and large bodies, including energy dissipation at all scale level. Non-linearity is no longer an issue when characterization of matter is made by the multiscaling of space-time. Ordinary functions can also be treated with minor modifications.The key objective is not to derive new theories, but to explain the underlying physics of existing test data, and the reliability of diversified propositions for predicting the time span to failure. Present and past investigations have remained at the micro-macro or mi-ma scale range for several decades due to the inability to quantify lower scale data. To this end, the available mi-ma fatigue crack growth data are used to generate those at the na-mi and pi-na scale ranges. Reliability variances are computed for the three different scale ranges, covering effects from the atomic to the macroscopic scale. They include the initial crack or defect length and velocities. Specimen with large initial defects are found to be more reliable. This trend also holds for each of the na-mi and pi-na scale range. Also, large specimen data had smaller reliability variances than the smaller specimens making them more reliable. Variances for the nano- and pico-scale range had much more scatter and were diversified. Uncertainties and un-reliabilities at the atomic and sub-atomic scale are no doubt related, although their connections remain to be found.Reliability with high order precisions are also defined for multi-component systems that can involve trillions of elements at the different scale ranges. Such large scale computations are now within reach by the advent of super-speed computers, especially when reliability, risk, and among other factors may have to be considered simultaneously.     

基于界面主从位移控制的频响子结构方法

在复杂工程结构频响子结构分析中,各个子结构的频响函数往往是由不同的部门获得,各个子结构的频响函数可能是在不同的坐标系下得到,亦或有些子结构具有某种对称性,这需要对相应的子结构频响函数进行旋转和镜像变换后才能进行整体拼接。此外,子结构拼接时交界面的连接点有时可能存在不一致,为了满足位移协调和力平衡条件,本文基于界面主从位移控制原理,提出一种改进的频响子结构方法,该方法既能考虑子结构的旋转和镜像变换,也能考虑子结构界面间的柔性连接,并可大幅提高计算效率。当界面位移控制阵为单位阵时,改进的方法退化为传统的频响子结构方法。数值算例验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性。