弹性地基上转动FGM梁自由振动的DTM分析

基于Euler-Bernoulli梁理论,利用广义Hamilton原理推导得到弹性地基上转动功能梯度材料(FGM)梁横向自由振动的运动控制微分方程并进行无量纲化,采用微分变换法(DTM)对无量纲控制微分方程及其边界条件进行变换,计算了弹性地基上转动FGM梁在夹紧-夹紧、夹紧-简支和夹紧-自由三种边界条件下横向自由振动的无量纲固有频率,再将控制微分方程退化到无转动和地基时的FGM梁,计算其不同梯度指数时第一阶无量纲固有频率值,并和已有文献的FEM和Lagrange乘子法计算结果进行比较,数值完全吻合。计算结果表明,三种边界条件下FGM梁的无量纲固有频率随无量纲转速和无量纲弹性地基模量的增大而增大;在一定无量纲转速和无量纲弹性地基模量下,FGM梁的无量纲固有频率随着FGM梯度指数的增大而减小;但在夹紧-简支和夹紧-自由边界条件下,一阶无量纲固有频率几乎不变。     

弹性地基上多孔功能梯度材料矩形板的自由振动与临界屈曲载荷分析

多孔功能梯度材料(FGM)构件的特性与孔隙率和孔隙分布形式有密切关系。本文基于经典板理论,考虑不同孔隙分布形式时修正的混合率模型,研究Winkler弹性地基上四边受压多孔FGM矩形板的自由振动与临界屈曲载荷特性。首先利用Hamilton原理和物理中面的定义推导Winkler弹性地基上四边受压多孔FGM矩形板自由振动的控制微分方程并进行无量纲化,然后应用微分变换法(DTM)对无量纲控制微分方程和边界条件进行变换,得到计算无量纲固有频率和临界屈曲载荷的代数特征方程。将问题退化为孔隙率为零时的FGM矩形板并与已有文献进行对比以验证其有效性。最后计算并分析了梯度指数、孔隙率、地基刚度系数、长宽比、四边受压载荷及边界条件对多孔FGM矩形板无量纲固有频率的影响以及各参数对无量纲临界屈曲载荷的影响。     

基于物理中面FGM中厚板自由振动的有限元分析

基于物理中面和一阶剪切变形板理论,研究了不同边界条件下功能梯度材料(FGM)中厚板的自由振动问题．假设功能梯度板的材料性质沿厚度方向按幂函数规律连续变化．根据哈密顿原理建立了FGM板有限元形式的自由振动方程,利用MATLAB软件编写程序进行了计算．通过数值算例,讨论了不同边界条件下FGM中厚板的无量纲频率随材料梯度指数和厚宽比的变化情况,并与经典板理论下的频率进行了比较．     

多孔功能梯度材料Timoshenko梁的自由振动分析

基于Timoshenko梁理论研究多孔功能梯度材料梁(FGMs)的自由振动问题.首先,考虑多孔功能梯度材料梁的孔隙率模型,建立了两种类型的孔隙分布.其次,基于Timoshenko梁变形理论,给出位移场方程、几何方程和本构方程,利用Hamilton原理推导多孔功能梯度材料梁的自由振动控制微分方程,并进行无量纲化,然后应用微分变换法(DTM)对无量纲控制微分方程及其边界条件进行变换,得到含有固有频率的等价代数特征方程.最后,计算了固定-固定(C-C)、固定-简支(C-S)和简支-简支(S-S)三种不同边界下多孔功能梯度材料梁自由振动的无量纲固有频率.将其退化为均匀材料与已有文献数据结果对照,验证了正确性.讨论了孔隙率、细长比和梯度指数对多孔功能梯度材料梁无量纲固有频率的影响.     

非均匀Winkler弹性地基上变厚度矩形板自由振动的DTM求解

针对非均匀Winkler弹性地基上变厚度矩形板的自由振动问题,通过一种有效的数值求解方法——微分变换法(DTM),研究其无量纲固有频率特性。已知变厚度矩形板对边为简支边界条件,其他两边的边界条件为简支、固定或自由任意组合。采用DTM将非均匀Winkler弹性地基上变厚度矩形板无量纲化的自由振动控制微分方程及其边界条件变换为等价的代数方程,得到含有无量纲固有频率的特征方程。数值结果退化为均匀Winker弹性地基上矩形板以及变厚度矩形板的情形,并与已有文献采用的不同求解方法进行比较,结果表明,DTM具有非常高的精度和很强的适用性。最后,在不同边界条件下分析地基变化参数、厚度变化参数和长宽比对矩形板无量纲固有频率的影响,并给出了非均匀Winkler弹性地基上对边简支对边固定变厚度矩形板的前六阶振型。     

旋转FGM圆环形截面柔性梁的振动特性

工程实际中直升机的旋翼和风力机的叶片等可简化为旋转柔性悬臂梁的动力学问题。针对旋转FGM圆环形截面柔性悬臂梁的横向振动问题,基于Euler-Bernoulli梁理论和Hamilton原理,建立了自由振动时的运动微分方程。对运动微分方程和边界条件进行量纲归一化处理,采用微分求积法对其进行离散化,得到了系统的广义特征方程。分析了旋转FGM圆环形截面柔性梁的前三阶量纲为一的固有频率随梯度指标和不同梯度指标、径长比下量纲为一的固有频率随轮毂量纲为一的角速度的变化关系。数值计算结果表明,在给定某些参数情况下,旋转FGM环形截面悬臂梁的前三阶量纲为一的固有频率随轮毂量纲为一的角速度的增大而增大,第二阶、第三阶量纲为一的固有频率随梯度指标的增大而增大的趋势较为明显。     

弹性约束边界圆环板面内自由振动的二维弹性解

基于二维线弹性理论,应用哈密顿原理导出弹性约束边界圆环板面内自由振动的控制微分方程。采用微分求积法(DQM)数值研究了弹性约束边界圆环板面内自由振动的频率特性。通过设置弹性刚度系数为0或∞,问题退化为四种典型边界圆环板的面内自由振动,与已有文献的计算数值结果进行比较,证实本文的分析求解方法行之有效。最后全面考虑了圆环板边界条件、几何系数及刚度系数对自振频率的影响。     

非均匀Winkler弹性地基上变厚度矩形板自由振动的DTM求解

针对非均匀Winkler弹性地基上变厚度矩形板的自由振动问题,通过一种有效的数值求解方法——微分变换法（DTM）,研究其无量纲固有频率特性。已知变厚度矩形板对边为简支边界条件,其他两边的边界条件为简支、固定或自由任意组合。采用DTM将非均匀Winkler弹性地基上变厚度矩形板无量纲化的自由振动控制微分方程及其边界条件变换为等价的代数方程,得到含有无量纲固有频率的特征方程。数值结果退化为均匀Winker弹性地基上矩形板以及变厚度矩形板的情形,并与已有文献采用的不同求解方法进行比较,结果表明,DTM具有非常高的精度和很强的适用性。最后,在不同边界条件下分析地基变化参数、厚度变化参数和长宽比对矩形板无量纲固有频率的影响,并给出了非均匀Winkler弹性地基上对边简支对边固定变厚度矩形板的前六阶振型。     

功能梯度材料梁自由振动的线性与非线性振动

基于数值模拟和理论分析两种方法，研究了功能梯度材料(functional gradient materials,FGM)梁自由振动下的线性与非线性振动问题。通过解析法求解了FGM梁在经典理论下以及一阶剪切理论下的力学行为，得到了FGM梁在简支和固端约束下的固有频率。理论分析了不同边界条件、不同梁理论下、梯度指数、长细比等因素对于FGM梁固有频率的影响；不论经典梁理论还是一阶剪切理论，随着梯度指数的增加，FGM梁的固有频率都随之减小。通过ABAQUS仿真模拟，得到FGM梁数值模拟下的非线性固有频率。将理论解与数值解进行对比，完善力学模型。在多种理论下，利用解析法和数值模拟的方法，给出FGM梁结构振动响应的线性与非线性解。     

功能梯度变截面梁自由振动和稳定性研究

基于忽略了梁截面剪切变形和转动惯量效应的Euler-Bernoulli梁理论,研究了轴向力作用下轴向功能梯度变截面梁的横向自由振动问题,将轴向功能梯度Euler-Bernoulli梁自由振动固有频率和临界荷载的计算转化为变系数常微分方程特征值问题。运用插值矩阵法可一次性计算出轴向功能梯度变截面梁各阶振动固有频率和临界荷载,分析了轴向荷载对轴向功能梯度Euler-Bernoulli梁自由振动固有频率的影响,即轴向压力使梁的第1阶固有频率降低,轴向拉力使梁的第1阶固有频率增大。在简支-简支梁(H-H)边界条件下、不同截面宽锥度系数c_b和截面高锥度系数c_h,且区间划分点数n为40时,本文计算结果与已有文献计算结果之间的最大相对误差不超过0.00768%;在简支-简支梁(H-H)、固端-自由梁(C-F)、固端-固端梁(C-C)这三种不同边界条件下,不同c_b和c_h,且n为40时,最大相对误差不超过0.101%,说明了本文方法的有效性和良好的计算精度。     

Preface: Current research progress on mechanics of high speed rail

The construction and operation of high-speed rail（HSR）grid within the past two decades in China,in terms of the scale,may be possibly comparable to any national-wide construction in the history of China,even the Great Wall.By counting railways with commercial train service at the speed of200 km/h,China has the world’s longest HSR network with over 19 369.8 km of track in service today and this number     

ACTA MECHANICA SINICA 2014 ANNUAL SUBJECT INDEX

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人造地震动合成中的位移误差分析

三角函数级数法是合成人工地震动常用算法之一,但是通过对加速度积分求取位移时,却存在与零线漂移相类似的位移漂移现象。     

Rainwater rivulets on a cable subject to windFilets d'eau de pluie sur un câble soumis au vent

Rainwater rivulets appear on inclined cables of cable-stayed bridges when wind and rain occur simultaneously. In a restricted range of parameters this is known to cause vibrations of high amplitudes on the cable. The mechanism underlying this effect is still under debate but the role of rainwater rivulets is certain. We use a standard lubrication model to analyse the dynamics of a water film on a cylinder under the effect of gravity and wind load. A simple criterion is then proposed for the appearance and position of rivulets, where the Froude number is the control parameter. Experiments with several geometries of cylinder covered with water in a wind tunnel show the evolution of the rivulets with the Froude number. Comparison of the prediction by the model with these experimental data shows that the main mechanism of rivulet formation and positioning is captured. To cite this article: C. Lemaitre et al., C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Hermitian space-time finite elements for estuarine mass transport

Space-time finite element solutions of the convection–dispersion equation using higher-order nodal continuity and Hermitian polynomial shape functions are described. Five separate elements ranging from a complete linear element with C^0,0 nodal continuity to a complete first-order Hermitian element with C^1,1 nodal continuity are subjected to detailed analysis. Wave deformation analyses identify the source of leading or trailing edge oscillations, trailing edge oscillations being the major source of difficulty. These observations are confirmed by numerical experiments which further demonstrate the potential of higher-order nodal continuity. The performance of the complete first-order Hermitian element is quite satisfactory and measurably superior to the linear element.     

Cristallisation par onde acoustique : le cas de l'héliumCrystallization by acoustic waves: the case of helium

We establish a theoretical model to explain the nucleation of a crystal of helium by an acoustic over-pressure. We explain the interfacial laws for this ultra-fast cristallization, close to the sound speed. Assuming spherical symmetry and taking into account the experimental data, we recover the dynamics of the growth and melting during an over-pressure impulse. To cite this article: M. Ben Amar et al., C. R. Mecanique 331 (2003).     

Structure initiale et propriétés de liquéfaction statique d'un sableInitial structure and static liquefaction properties of sand.

Based on the use of two different preparation procedures for reconstituting triaxial samples of sand, i.e. wet tamping and dry pluviation, significant differences in associated mechanical behaviour are observed on a reference sand with respect to the phenomenon of ‘static’ liquefaction. Wet tamping favours the initiation of liquefaction instability, whereas dry pluviation favours a more stable behaviour, less susceptible to liquefaction. Microscopic observation of corresponding sand specimens allows us to identify two well differentiated structures, i.e., for wet tamping, an irregular structure with predominance of aggregates (aggregated grains) and macropores, very contractant and unstable and, for dry pluviation, a more regular structure, without macropores, more dilatant and more stable. These observations show the importance of further characterization, based on the introduction of appropriate parameters, of the initial structure of sandy materials, strongly dependant upon their mode of formation (natural or artificial). To cite this article: N. Benahmed et al., C. R. Mecanique 332 (2004).     

Sources of Complexity in Human Systems

Complex is a special attribute we can give to many kinds of systems. Although it is used often as a synonym of difficult, it has a specific epistemological meaning, which is going to be shared by the incoming science of complexity. Difficult is an object which, by means of an adequate computational power, can be deterministically or stochastically predictable. On the contrary complex is an object which can not be predictable because of logical impossibility or because its predictability would require a computational power far beyond any physical feasibility, now and forever. For complexity refers to some observing system, it is always subjective, and thus it is defined as observed irreducible complexity. Human systems are affected by several sources of complexity, belonging to three classes, in order of descending restrictivity. Systems belonging to the first class are not predictable at all, those belonging to the second class are predictable only through an infinite computational capacity, and those belonging to the third class are predictable only through a trans-computational capacity. The first class has two sources of complexity: logical complexity, directly deriving from self-reference and Gödel's incompleteness theorems, and relational complexity, resulting in a sort of indeterminacy principle occurring in social systems. The second class has three sources of complexity: gnosiological complexity, which consists of the variety of possible perceptions; semiotic complexity, which represents the infinite possible interpretations of signs and facts; and chaotic complexity, which characterizes phenomena of nonlinear dynamic systems. The third class coincides with computational complexity, which basically coincides with the mathematical concept of intractability. Artificial, natural, biological and human systems are characterized by the influence of different sources of complexity, and the latter appear to be the most complex.