碳纳米管增强型复合材料功能梯度板的自由振动模型与尺度效应

基于一种新的各向异性修正偶应力理论,建立了碳纳米管增强复合材料功能梯度板的自由振动模型。该模型能够描述尺度效应,且仅包含一个尺度参数。基于一阶剪切变形理论和哈密顿原理推演了板的运动微分方程,并以四边简支板为例给出了自振频率的解析解。讨论了板的几何尺寸、碳纳米管体分比含量和分布方式等因素对板的自振频率的影响。结果表明,本文模型所预测的板的自振基频总是高于经典弹性理论的Mindlin板模型的预测结果,两者间的差异在板的几何尺寸接近尺度参数的值时非常明显,且会随着板的几何尺寸的增大而逐渐消失。     

基于修正偶应力和高阶剪切变形理论的变截面微梁的自由振动

基于修正偶应力和高阶剪切理论建立了仅含有一个尺度参数的Reddy变截面微梁的自由振动模型,研究了变截面微梁自由振动问题的尺度效应和横向剪切变形对自振频率计算的影响。基于哈密顿原理推导了动力学方程与边界条件,并采用微分求积法求解了各种边界条件下的自振频率。算例结果表明,基于偶应力理论预测的变截面微梁的自振频率均大于经典梁理论的预测结果,即捕捉到了尺度效应。另外,梁的几何尺寸与尺度参数越接近,尺度效应就越明显,而梁的长细比越小,横向剪切变形对自振频率的影响就越明显。     

基于各向异性修正偶应力理论的Reddy型层合板的自由振动

本文基于各向异性修正偶应力理论建立了只含一个尺度参数的Reddy型复合材料层合板的自由振动模型。同见诸于文献的细观尺度Kirchhoff薄板偶应力模型相比,本文提出的新模型能够更精确的预测细观尺度下的中、厚层合板的自振频率。基于Hamilton原理推导了细观尺度下Reddy型复合材料层合板的运动微分方程以及边界条件,并以正交铺设的四边简支复合材料层合方板为例进行了解析求解,分析了尺度参数对自振频率的影响并对比了Kirchhoff、Mindlin和Reddy等三种板模型计算结果的异同。算例结果表明本文所给出的模型能够捕捉到复合材料层合板自由振动问题的尺度效应。另外,在细观尺度下Kirchhoff板模型所预测的自振频率相对于Mindlin板模型和Reddy板模型总是过高,且越接近厚板三者的差别就越大,这与经典理论中三种板模型的对比情况是一致的。     

基于精化锯齿理论的功能梯度夹心微板静弯曲模型

基于精化锯齿理论和新修正偶应力理论,建立了能够准确预测功能梯度夹心微板挠度、位移和应力的静弯曲模型。为了描述微板不同方向上的尺度效应,将两个正交材料尺度参数引入本文模型。以受双向正弦载荷作用的简支板为例,探究了夹心微板弯曲行为中尺度效应对结构刚度的影响。算例结果表明,当微板几何参数与材料尺度参数接近时,基于本文模型所测微板的最大弯曲挠度、局部位移和应力均小于传统精化锯齿理论给出的结果,捕捉到了尺度效应;尺度效应随着微板几何尺寸的增大而逐渐减弱,当微板几何尺寸远大于材料尺度参数时,尺度效应消失。此外,板的跨厚比和功能梯度变化指数也会对尺度效应产生一定影响。     

基于等几何有限元法的功能梯度微板热力耦合屈曲预测

基于修正偶应力理论和Kirchhoff板理论，建立了功能梯度微板热力耦合屈曲等几何有限元模型。该模型仅包含一个材料尺度参数，能够描述尺度效应现象，且满足修正偶应力理论的高阶连续性要求。基于虚功原理推导了功能梯度微板热力耦合屈曲等几何有限元方程。通过对板的典型算例分析，讨论了材料尺度参数、边长比及梯度指数对板稳定性的影响。结果表明，本文模型预测的屈曲载荷总是大于宏观理论的结果，即捕捉到了尺度效应现象；随着临界屈曲力的增加，临界屈曲热载荷线性减少；此外，边长比和梯度指数也对微板的稳定性产生一定影响。     

纳米板振动特性的两类尺度效应研究

利用非局部应变梯度理论研究了纳米板横向自由振动特性。通过迭代法获得非局部应力的渐近表达式,利用哈密顿变分原理推导了纳米板的振动控制方程。针对四边简支边界条件,运用双重三角级数法给出了板固有频率的表达式,然后研究了非局部参数、材料特征参数、几何尺寸对纳米板自振频率的影响。数值结果表明:非局部效应会弱化纳米板的等效刚度,因而使板的固有频率降低,应变梯度效应则与之相反,两类效应仅在纳米尺度下对自振频率有显著影响;板几何尺寸的改变也会对其振动频率产生重要影响。     

考虑尺度影响的平面正交各向异性功能梯度微梁的屈曲分析

基于新修正偶应力理论,建立了能描述尺度效应的各向异性功能梯度微梁的屈曲分析模型。基于最小势能原理推导了控制方程及边界条件,并以简支梁为例分析了屈曲载荷及尺度效应受材料尺度参数和几何尺寸的影响。算例结果表明,在材料几何尺寸较小时,本文模型预测到的屈曲载荷明显大于传统理论的结果,有效地反映了尺度效应。几何尺寸较大时,尺度效应消失,本文模型将自动退化为传统宏观模型。模型反映出不同方向上的尺度参数对各向异性材料影响的效果不同。     

考虑尺度影响的平面正交各向异性功能梯度微梁的屈曲分析

基于新修正偶应力理论，建立了能描述尺度效应的各向异性功能梯度微梁的屈曲分析模型。基于最小势能原理推导了控制方程及边界条件，并以简支梁为例分析了屈曲载荷及尺度效应受材料尺度参数和几何尺寸的影响。算例结果表明，在材料几何尺寸较小时，本文模型预测到的屈曲载荷明显大于传统理论的结果，有效地反映了尺度效应。几何尺寸较大时，尺度效应消失，本文模型将自动退化为传统宏观模型。模型反映出不同方向上的尺度参数对各向异性材料影响的效果不同。     

TWO KINDS OF SCALE EFFECTS OF VIBRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF NANO-PLATE1)

利用非局部应变梯度理论研究了纳米板横向自由振动特性。通过迭代法获得非局部应力的渐近表达式,利用哈密顿变分原理推导了纳米板的振动控制方程。针对四边简支边界条件,运用双重三角级数法给出了板固有频率的表达式,然后研究了非局部参数、材料特征参数、几何尺寸对纳米板自振频率的影响。数值结果表明：非局部效应会弱化纳米板的等效刚度,因而使板的固有频率降低,应变梯度效应则与之相反,两类效应仅在纳米尺度下对自振频率有显著影响;板几何尺寸的改变也会对其振动频率产生重要影响。     

三参数粘弹性地基上层合板的自由和强迫振动

基于三参数粘弹性地基模型及Reddy高阶剪切变形板理论,用双重Fourier级数形式解求得粘弹性地基上四边简支对称正交及反对称斜交层合板的各模态自由振动频率的解析解,以及这两种层合板在任意横向动荷载作用下动力响应的半解析解。通过参数分析讨论了粘弹性地基参数、边厚比等因素对自振频率及动力响应的影响。结果表明,地基的剪切刚度和压缩刚度提高了板的自振频率而降低了板的振动幅值,地基的粘性作用不可忽略。     

VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF MICROSCALE PLATES BASED ON MODIFIED COUPLE STRESS THEORY

A non-classical Kirchhoff plate model is developed for the dynamic analysis of microscale plates based on the modified couple stress theory in which an internal material length scale parameter is included. Unlike the classical Kirchhoff plate model, the newly developed model can capture the size effect of microscale plates. Two boundary value problems of rectangular micro- plates are solved and the size effect on the lowest two natural frequencies is investigated. It is shown that the natural frequencies of the microscale plates predicted by the current model are size-dependent when the plate thickness is comparable to the material length scale parameter.     

Size-dependent vibration of functionally graded curved microbeams based on the modified strain gradient elasticity theory

On the basis of the modified strain gradient elasticity theory, the free vibration characteristics of curved microbeams made of functionally graded materials (FGMs) whose material properties vary in the thickness direction are investigated. A size-dependent first-order shear deformation beam model is developed containing three internal material length scale parameters to incorporate small-scale effect. Through Hamilton’s principle, the higher-order governing equations of motion and boundary conditions are derived. Natural frequencies of FGM curved microbeams corresponding to different mode numbers are evaluated for over a wide range of material property gradient index, dimensionless length scale parameter and aspect ratio. Moreover, the results obtained via the present non-classical first-order shear deformation beam model are compared with those of degenerated beam models based on the modified couple stress and the classical theories. It is found that the difference between the natural frequencies predicted by the various beam models is more significant for lower values of dimensionless length scale parameter and higher values of mode number.     

A size-dependent Kirchhoff micro-plate model based on strain gradient elasticity theory

A size-dependent Kirchhoff micro-plate model is developed based on the strain gradient elasticity theory. The model contains three material length scale parameters, which may effectively capture the size effect. The model can also degenerate into the modified couple stress plate model or the classical plate model, if two or all of the material length scale parameters are taken to be zero. The static bending, instability and free vibration problems of a rectangular micro-plate with all edges simple supported are carried out to illustrate the applicability of the present size-dependent model. The results are compared with the reduced models. The present model can predict prominent size-dependent normalized stiffness, buckling load, and natural frequency with the reduction of structural size, especially when the plate thickness is on the same order of the material length scale parameter.     

Size-dependent vibration characteristics of fluid-conveying microtubes

In this paper, a new theoretical model is developed, based on the modified couple stress theory, for the vibration analysis of fluid-conveying microtubes by introducing one internal material length scale parameter. Using Hamilton's principle, the equations of motion of fluid-conveying microtubes are derived. After discretization via the Differential Quadrature Method (DQM), the analytical model exhibits some essential vibration characteristics. For a microtube in which both ends are supported, it is found that the natural frequencies decrease with increasing internal flow velocities. It is also shown that the microtube will become unstable by divergence at a critical flow velocity. More significantly, when the outside diameter of the microtube is comparable to the material length scale parameter, the natural frequencies obtained using the modified couple stress theory are much larger than those obtained using the classical beam theory. It is not surprising, therefore, that the critical flow velocities predicted by the modified couple stress theory are generally higher than those predicted by the classical beam theory.     

A micro scale Timoshenko beam model based on strain gradient elasticity theory

A micro scale Timoshenko beam model is developed based on strain gradient elasticity theory. Governing equations, initial conditions and boundary conditions are derived simultaneously by using Hamilton's principle. The new model incorporated with Poisson effect contains three material length scale parameters and can consequently capture the size effect. This model can degenerate into the modified couple stress Timoshenko beam model or even the classical Timoshenko beam model if two or all material length scale parameters are taken to be zero respectively. In addition, the newly developed model recovers the micro scale Bernoulli–Euler beam model when shear deformation is ignored. To illustrate the new model, the static bending and free vibration problems of a simply supported micro scale Timoshenko beam are solved respectively. Numerical results reveal that the differences in the deflection, rotation and natural frequency predicted by the present model and the other two reduced Timoshenko models are large as the beam thickness is comparable to the material length scale parameter. These differences, however, are decreasing or even diminishing with the increase of the beam thickness. In addition, Poisson effect on the beam deflection, rotation and natural frequency possesses an interesting “extreme point” phenomenon, which is quite different from that predicted by the classical Timoshenko beam model.     

A non-classical Kirchhoff plate model incorporating microstructure,surface energy and foundation effects

A new non-classical Kirchhoff plate model is developed using a modified couple stress theory, a surface elasticity theory and a two-parameter elastic foundation model. A variational formulation based on Hamilton’s principle is employed, which leads to the simultaneous determination of the equations of motion and the complete boundary conditions and provides a unified treatment of the microstructure, surface energy and foundation effects. The new plate model contains a material length scale parameter to account for the microstructure effect, three surface elastic constants to describe the surface energy effect, and two foundation moduli to represent the foundation effect. The current non-classical plate model reduces to its classical elasticity-based counterpart when the microstructure, surface energy and foundation effects are all suppressed. In addition, the newly developed plate model includes the models considering the microstructure dependence or the surface energy effect or the foundation influence alone as special cases and recovers the Bernoulli–Euler beam model incorporating the microstructure, surface energy and foundation effects. To illustrate the new model, the static bending and free vibration problems of a simply supported rectangular plate are analytically solved by directly applying the general formulas derived. For the static bending problem, the numerical results reveal that the deflection of the simply supported plate with or without the elastic foundation predicted by the current model is smaller than that predicted by the classical model. Also, it is observed that the difference in the deflection predicted by the new and classical plate models is very large when the plate thickness is sufficiently small, but it is diminishing with the increase of the plate thickness. For the free vibration problem, it is found that the natural frequency predicted by the new plate model with or without the elastic foundation is higher than that predicted by the classical plate model, and the difference is significant for very thin plates. These predicted trends of the size effect at the micron scale agree with those observed experimentally. In addition, it is shown both analytically and numerically that the presence of the elastic foundation reduces the plate deflection and increases the plate natural frequency, as expected.     

A nonlocal strain gradient shell model incorporating surface effects for vibration analysis of functionally graded cylindrical nanoshells

In this paper, a novel size-dependent functionally graded(FG) cylindrical shell model is developed based on the nonlocal strain gradient theory in conjunction with the Gurtin-Murdoch surface elasticity theory. The new model containing a nonlocal parameter, a material length scale parameter, and several surface elastic constants can capture three typical types of size effects simultaneously, which are the nonlocal stress effect, the strain gradient effect, and the surface energy effects. With the help of Hamilton's principle and first-order shear deformation theory, the non-classical governing equations and related boundary conditions are derived. By using the proposed model, the free vibration problem of FG cylindrical nanoshells with material properties varying continuously through the thickness according to a power-law distribution is analytically solved, and the closed-form solutions for natural frequencies under various boundary conditions are obtained. After verifying the reliability of the proposed model and analytical method by comparing the degenerated results with those available in the literature, the influences of nonlocal parameter, material length scale parameter, power-law index, radius-to-thickness ratio, length-to-radius ratio, and surface effects on the vibration characteristic of functionally graded cylindrical nanoshells are examined in detail.     

Nonlinear bending of size-dependent circular microplates based on the modified couple stress theory

The present study proposes a nonclassical Kirchhoff plate model for the axisymmetrically nonlinear bending analysis of circular microplates under uniformly distributed transverse loads. The governing differential equations are derived from the principle of minimum total potential energy based on the modified couple stress theory and von Kármán geometrically nonlinear theory in terms of the deflection and radial membrane force, with only one material length scale parameter to capture the size-dependent behavior. The governing equations are firstly discretized to a set of nonlinear algebraic equations by the orthogonal collocation point method, and then solved numerically by the Newton–Raphson iteration method to obtain the size-dependent solutions for deflections and radial membrane forces. The influences of length scale parameter on the bending behaviors of microplates are discussed in detail for immovable clamped and simply supported edge conditions. The numerical results indicate that the microplates modeled by the modified couple stress theory causes more stiffness than modeled by the classical continuum plate theory, such that for plates with small thickness to material length scale ratio, the difference between the results of these two theories is significantly large, but it becomes decreasing or even diminishing with increasing thickness to length scale ratio.