一维Ritz有限元EEP超收敛位移计算简约格式的直接推导与证明

一维Ritz有限元后处理超收敛计算的EEP(单元能量投影)法简约格式中,若问题和解答足够光滑,其m(1)次单元的超收敛位移解在单元内任一点均可以达到至少hm+2的超收敛阶。对此,本文提出一套全新的推证方法,通过对单元能量投影的等效变形,直接推导出EEP简约格式位移解的计算公式及其误差项,进而采用更为简单通用的数学证明方法,证明了这一超收敛性。     

二阶非自伴两点边值问题Galerkin有限元后处理超收敛解答计算的EEP法

将一维Ritz有限元法超收敛计算的EEP(单元能量投影)法推广到二阶非自伴常微分方程两点边值问题Galerkin有限元法的超收敛计算。在对精确单元的研究中,发现与Ritz有限元法不同,只要检验函数采用伴随算子方程的解,无论试函数取何形式,在结点处都可得到精确的解函数值。对近似单元的研究表明,EEP法同样适用于Galerkin有限元法,不仅保留了简便易行、行之有效、效果显著的特点,同时也保留了EEP法的特有优点,如:任一点的导数和解函数的误差与结点值的误差具有相同的收敛阶。     

SELF-ADAPTIVE STRATEGY FOR ONE-DIMENSIONAL FINITE ELEMENT METHOD BASED ON ELEMENT ENERGY PROJECTION METHOD

Based on the newly-developed element energy projection (EEP) method for computation of super-convergent results in one-dimensional finite element method (FEM), the task of self-adaptive FEM analysis was converted into the task of adaptive piecewise polynomial interpolation. As a result, a satisfactory FEM mesh can be obtained, and further FEM analysis on this mesh would immediately produce an FEM solution which usually satisfies the user specified error tolerance. Even though the error tolerance was not completely satisfied, one or two steps of further local refinements would be sufficient. This strategy was found to be very simple, rapid, cheap and efficient. Taking the elliptical ordinary differential equation of second order as the model problem, the fundamental idea, implementation strategy and detailed algorithm are described. Representative numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed approach.     

Self-adaptive one-dimensional nonlinear finite element method based on element energy projection method

The element energy projection （EEP） method for computation of super- convergent resulting in a one-dimensional finite element method （FEM） is successfully used to self-adaptive FEM analysis of various linear problems, based on which this paper presents a substantial extension of the whole set of technology to nonlinear problems. The main idea behind the technology transfer from linear analysis to nonlinear analysis is to use Newton＇s method to linearize nonlinear problems into a series of linear problems so that the EEP formulation and the corresponding adaptive strategy can be directly used without the need for specific super-convergence formulation for nonlinear FEM. As a re- sult, a unified and general self-adaptive algorithm for nonlinear FEM analysis is formed. The proposed algorithm is found to be able to produce satisfactory finite element results with accuracy satisfying the user-preset error tolerances by maximum norm anywhere on the mesh. Taking the nonlinear ordinary differential equation （ODE） of second-order as the model problem, this paper describes the related fundamental idea, the imple- mentation strategy, and the computational algorithm. Representative numerical exam- ples are given to show the efficiency, stability, versatility, and reliability of the proposed approach.     

Recursive super-convergence computation for multi-dimensional problems via one-dimensional element energy projection technique

This paper presents a strategy for computation of super-convergent solutions of multi-dimensional problems in the finite element method (FEM) by recursive application of the one-dimensional (1D) element energy projection (EEP) technique. The main idea is to conceptually treat multi-dimensional problems as generalized 1D problems, based on which the concepts of generalized 1D FEM and its consequent EEP formulae have been developed in a unified manner. Equipped with these concepts, multi-dimensional problems can be recursively discretized in one dimension at each step, until a fully discretized standard finite element (FE) model is reached. This conceptual dimension-by-dimension (D-by-D) discretization procedure is entirely equivalent to a full FE discretization. As a reverse D-by-D recovery procedure, by using the unified EEP formulae together with proper extraction of the generalized nodal solutions, super-convergent displacements and first derivatives for two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) problems can be obtained over the domain. Numerical examples of 3D Poisson’s equation and elasticity problem are given to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategy.     

Computation of super-convergent nodal stresses of timoshenko beam elements by EEP method

The newly proposed element energy projection (EEP) method has been applied to the computation of super-convergent nodal stresses of Timoshenko beam elements. Generalformul as based on element projection theorem were derived and illustrative numerical examples using two typical elements were given. Both the analysis and examples show that EEP method also works very well for the problems with vector function solutions. The EEP method gives super-convergent nodal stresses, which are well comparable to the nodal displacements in terms of both convergence rate and error magnitude. And in addition, it can overcome the “ shear locking“ difficulty for stresses even when the displacements are badly affected. This research paves the way for application of the EEP method to general onedimensional systems of ordinary differential equations.     

二阶非自伴两点边值问题Garlerkin有限元的超收敛算法

提出了基于改进位移模式的二阶非自伴两点边值问题Garlerkin有限元的超收敛算法. 用常规有限元解的位移模式与高阶有限元解的位移模式之和构造新的位移模式,基于Garlerkin 方法,采用积分形式推导了单元平衡方程. 对于线性单元,本文给出了有代表性的算例,结点和单元的位移、导数都达到了h⁴阶的超收敛精度.     

一种基于自适应单元删除率的BESO方法

在ESO中采用动态删除率能有效地提高优化效率和稳定性，但现有的动态删除率策略都含有经验参数，确定删除率的过程较为复杂。本文提出了一种用于BESO的无经验参数自适应单元删除率确定方法。通过分析单元删除率对优化稳定性的影响，得到了结构优化过程中单元删除率的理想变化规律和单元灵敏度均匀化信息对删除率的影响情况，并据此分析了经验参数引入的原因，从而构造了评价单迭代步的单元灵敏度均匀化程度指标。然后，基于单迭代步的单元灵敏度均匀化程度指标，构造了全部迭代步信息下的单元灵敏度均匀化程度相对指标，结合单元删除率的推荐范围值，给出了一种自适应于结构优化进程的单元删除率自适应函数。最后，给出了基于自适应单元删除率的BESO方法实现流程。经典算例的结果对比说明，本文方法在保证优化质量相近的情况下，具有更好的优化效率和稳定性。     

Condensed Galerkin element of degree m for first-order initial-value problem with O(h2m+2) super-convergent nodal solutions

A new type of Galerkin finite element for first-order initial-value problems (IVPs) is proposed. Both the trial and test functions employ the same m-degreed polynomials. The adjoint equation is used to eliminate one degree of freedom (DOF) from the test function, and then the so-called condensed test function and its consequent condensed Galerkin element are constructed. It is mathematically proved and numerically verified that the condensed element produces the super-convergent nodal solutions of O(h^2m+2), which is equivalent to the order of accuracy by the conventional element of degree m + 1. Some related properties are addressed, and typical numerical examples of both linear and nonlinear IVPs of both a single equation and a system of equations are presented to show the validity and effectiveness of the proposed element.

     

半平面问题远域辐射阻尼的时域边界元法模拟研究

辐射阻尼在岩石基坑爆破开挖、边坡稳定、结构抗震以及结构-地基动力相互作用等实际工程问题中具有重要意义.为了模拟半平面问题的远域辐射阻尼,以时域边界元法(TD-BEM)理论为基础,根据应力波在弹性介质中的传播特性,在时域内提出了一种新的单元,即自适应半无限边界单元,专门用于离散远域半无限边界.该单元外侧节点是一个始终处于应力波波前位置的动态节点,保证计算区域在任何情况下都恰好包含应力波的影响范围,从而模拟远域辐射阻尼.最后,分别采用近场和远场动力荷载作用下的弹性半平面算例进行验证,并将结果与有限元法FEM和常规TD-BEM结果进行综合对比.结果 表明,采用自适应半无限单元的TD-BEM满足半无限域的辐射条件,较好地解决了远域辐射阻尼的模拟问题,且在计算时间成本与常规TD-BEM几乎相同的前提下,具有更高的计算精度.     

基于改进位移模式的一维C1有限元超收敛算法

提出了基于改进位移模式的一维C1有限元超收敛算法。利用单元内部需满足平衡方程的条件，推导了超收敛计算解析公式的显式，即将高阶有限元解的位移模式用常规有限元解的位移模式表示。用常规有限元解的位移模式与高阶有限元解的位移模式之和构造新的位移模式。采用积分形式推导了单元刚度矩阵。该算法在前处理阶段使用了超收敛计算公式，在常规试函数的基础上，增加了高阶试函数，使得单元内平衡方程的残差减少，从而达到提高精度的目标。对于Hermite单元，本文的结点和单元的位移、导数都达到了h4阶的超收敛精度。     

裂缝分析的比例边界有限元与有限元耦合的虚拟结构面模型

比例边界有限元法SBFEM(Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method)是一种半解析数值方法,在裂缝分析特别是强度因子计算上具有相当高的精度。本文提出了一种用于裂缝分析的基于虚拟结构面的SBFEM与常规FEM的耦合分析方法。首先选取裂缝周边一定范围的计算域,并将结构分成不含裂缝区域和含裂缝区域两部分。然后,对不含裂缝区域,采用FEM进行网格离散;对含裂缝区域,采用SBFEM进行网格离散;两者相互独立,在这两个域内,分别采用各自相应的位移模式。最后通过在SBFEM网格的外边界设置虚拟耦合结构面的模式,实现有限元网格和比例边界有限元网格的耦合。通过两个经典的含裂缝平板的算例研究,探讨了本文方法在I型开裂和混合型开裂分析中,影响应力强度因子精度的因素。算例表明,SBFEM具有的降维和半解析性质,使本文方法在裂缝分析中的前处理简单易行,且计算结果具有相当高的计算精度。     

Adaptive mixed least squares Galerkin/Petrov finite element method for stationary conduction convection problems

An adaptive mixed least squares Galerkin/Petrov finite element method (FEM) is developed for stationary conduction convection problems. The mixed least squares Galerkin/Petrov FEM is consistent and stable for any combination of discrete velocity and pressure spaces without requiring the Babuska-Brezzi stability condition. Using the general theory of Verfürth, the posteriori error estimates of the residual type are derived. Finally, numerical tests are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the method.     

随机结构有限元分析的递推求解方法

提出了一种新的谱随机有限元分析方法——递推求解方法。该方法将随机结构的随机响应表示成非正交多项式展式，建立了和摄动法类似的一系列确定的递推方程，并通过确定性有限元方法对这些递推方程进行静力问题求解。算例表明，当随机量出现较大涨落时，计算结果相对于传统摄动法有不小的改进。     

近场动力学与有限元方法耦合求解热传导问题

求解含裂纹等不连续问题一直是计算力学的重点研究课题之一,以偏微分方程为基础的连续介质力学方法处理不连续问题时面临很大的困难. 近场动力学方法是一种基于积分方程的非局部理论,在处理不连续问题时有很大的优越性. 本文提出了求解含裂纹热传导问题的一种新的近场动力学与有限元法的耦合方法. 结合近场动力学方法处理不连续问题的优势以及有限元方法计算效率高的优势,将求解区域划分为两个区域,近场动力学区域和有限元区域. 包含裂纹的区域采用近场动力学方法建模,其他区域采用有限元方法建模. 本文提出的耦合方案实施简单方便,近场动力学区域与有限元区域之间不需要设置重叠区域. 耦合方法通过近场动力学粒子与其域内所有粒子(包括近场动力学粒子和有限元节点)以非局部方式连接,有限元节点与其周围的所有粒子以有限元方式相互作用. 将有限元热传导矩阵和近场动力学粒子相互作用矩阵写入同一整体热传导矩阵中,并采用Guyan缩聚法进一步减小计算量. 分别采用连续介质力学方法和近场动力学方法对一维以及二维温度场算例进行模拟,结果表明,本文的耦合方法具有较高的计算精度和计算效率. 该耦合方案可以进一步拓展到热力耦合条件下含裂纹材料和结构的裂纹扩展问题.      

近场动力学最小二乘和有限元耦合方法研究

准确高效地对损伤和断裂问题进行建模是计算力学中的关键研究课题之一。将近场动力学最小二乘在处理含裂纹等非连续问题上的优势和有限元计算效率高及便于施加边界条件的优势结合，提出了近场动力学最小二乘和有限元耦合方法。将裂纹及其可能扩展区域划分为近场动力学区域，边界及其他区域划分为有限元区域，并将其中的结点类型分为近场动力学结点和有限元结点。有限元结点仅与同单元中的其他结点产生作用，近场动力学结点则与其族内的所有结点产生作用。将以上的单元刚度矩阵和质量矩阵进行组装得到整体刚度矩阵和整体质量矩阵。本文的耦合方法数值实现简单有效，相对于键基和常规态基近场动力学，该耦合方法包含了应力和应变的概念，同时不受零能模式的影响。一维和二维静态和动态问题的研究，验证了本文的耦合方法的有效性和准确性。     

理性有限元

提出了与常现有限元迥然不同的理性有限元列式。其方法论的差别在于理性有限元充分考虑了力学的微分方程，用方程的解来逼近单元内部场．即以力学的需求为主导，再用相应的数学方法推导。并用理住平面四边形元RQ4为典型予以表述。数值结果表明理性有限元的优越性质。     

时域自适应算法求解弹性地基薄板的动力问题

为更精确地求解弹性地基薄板的动力响应,发展了一种分段时域自适应算法,通过变量在离散时段内的展开,将时空耦合的初边值问题转化为一系列递推的基于有限元(FEM)的空间问题求解,通过自适应计算保持稳定的计算精度。数值算例表明:本文解与解析解相比最大相对误差不超过3.59%;当步长较大时四阶Runge-Kutta法和Newmark法均失效,本文所提算法仍可得到满意的计算结果。     

Mixed time discontinuous space-time finite element method for convection diffusion equations

A mixed time discontinuous space-time finite element scheme for secondorder convection diffusion problems is constructed and analyzed. Order of the equation is lowered by the mixed finite element method. The low order equation is discretized with a space-time finite element method, continuous in space but discontinuous in time. Stability, existence, uniqueness and convergence of the approximate solutions are proved. Numerical results are presented to illustrate efficiency of the proposed method.     

基于边光滑有限元法的加筋板静力和自由振动分析

运用边光滑有限元法，研究分析了加筋板结构的静力和自由振动问题。在边光滑有限元法中，将基于边的应变光滑技术用于对原来的应变场进行光滑操作；由于应变光滑技术能够适当地软化原来过刚的有限元模型，从而能够得到更加接近于系统准确刚度的光滑有限元模型；鉴于三角形单元良好的适用性，选用三角形单元对模型进行网格划分；同时，为了解决低阶Reissner-Mindlin板单元弯曲过程中的横向剪切自锁问题，采用了一种新型的离散剪切间隙技术。算例的数值计算结果表明，与传统的有限元法相比，边光滑有限元法能够得到精度更高的计算结果，且收敛更快，计算效率更佳。