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1.
等效静态载荷法是目前解决动态拓扑优化问题的一种有效方法,但是由于未考虑塑性变形中应力应变关系的时效性,会导致等效载荷偏大和载荷方向偏差,因此无法有效处理材料的非线性问题.据此,提出一种基于模量比率因子的等效静态载荷计算方法.首先,根据结构应力、应变和杨氏模量之间的函数关系,计算各时刻的计算杨氏模量;然后,得到各时刻的模量比率因子,根据位移等效原则计算修正等效静态载荷,进而进行多工况静态拓扑优化,并更新设计变量再次进行动力学分析,重复直至收敛.数值算例表明,修正后的等效静态载荷法能够解决弹塑性材料的非线性问题,在提高等效精度的同时拓展了在非线性材料方面的应用边界.工程算例表明,在相同约束下,采用基于模量比率因子的等效静态载荷法在轻量化的同时能得到更小的塑性应变.  相似文献   

2.
提出颗粒型砂介质在压实过程中的两种特征:孔隙填充状态和颗粒滑动状态;针对孔隙填充状态的力学行为特征,提出相对体积改变量(压实量)作为表征此状态的特征参量,研究了瞬时压缩模量与压实量的函数关系;针对型砂的颗粒滑动状态,提出具有强化效应的Mohr-Coulomb屈服条件,推导描述颗粒屈服滑动状态的增量本构方程、以及三轴压实过程条件下的状态本构方程,最后,就不同侧向压力下的三轴压缩试验、带模样的型砂压实试验的大量试验数据进行处理和验证。  相似文献   

3.
为了探究柔性对于蜻蜓前翼在扑动向前飞行时的气动性能, 本文根据蜻蜓前翼的实际参数建立蜻蜓前翼模型, 提出了两种柔性分布方式即均匀柔性分布和沿蜻蜓前翼弦向的变柔性分布. 本文通过STAR-CCM+软件, 首先采用重叠网格和双向流固耦合技术, 用于实现蜻蜓前翼的扑动流固耦合, 其次通过改变蜻蜓前翼固体区域的杨氏模量函数从而实现蜻蜓前翼的两种不同柔性分布. 结果表明, 在均匀柔性分布条件下, 柔性翼在杨氏模量较小时的升力系数和阻力系数曲线的变化规律滞后于刚性翼半周期并且给飞行增加阻力, 但是随着杨氏模量的逐渐增加即柔性逐渐减小, 蜻蜓前翼受到的阻力减小, 获得的推力增加且推力给予蜻蜓前飞的动量增量、加速度以及时均推力系数先增加后减小. 在合理的非均匀柔性分布条件下, 柔性翼显著提高推力系数峰值和时均推力系数, 在扑动前飞时, 给予蜻蜓前翼较大的动量增量以及加速度. 两种柔性分布方式的蜻蜓前翼与刚性翼对比之下, 蜻蜓前翼在柔性为非均匀柔性分布时可以获得更好的气动性能.   相似文献   

4.
为了调查肠道内表面形貌对其摩擦性能的影响,本文以家兔小肠为研究对象,表征了其内表面形貌,测试了肠黏液的润滑性;在排除肠道正压力条件下,测试环向应变、载荷、滑动速度与摩擦系数的变化关系.实验结果表明:小肠内表面存在着皱襞、绒毛、微绒毛;肠黏液可将摩擦系数降低到10-2数量级;环向应变10%是摩擦系数变化的临界值,小于10%摩擦系数不受载荷和滑动速度的影响,大于10%摩擦系数随载荷和滑动速度增大而增大.通过分析环向应变、内表面形貌、肠黏液、载荷、滑动速度与摩擦系数之间的关系,得出摩擦系数变化的机理:当环向应变小于10%,润滑形式为液体润滑;当径向应变大于10%,皱襞被拉伸褶皱消失,润滑形式转化为混合润滑.小肠摩擦性能的研究对胶囊内窥镜、肠道机器人外观设计提供了实验数据,对推进微创、无创诊疗有着重大意义.  相似文献   

5.
套筒灌浆连接是预制混凝土结构当前钢筋连接的主要方式之一。基于套筒受力状态不明的问题,考虑高温作用的影响以及抗震需要,开展高温后(最高温度600℃)套筒灌浆连接试件的大变形反复拉压试验研究,探讨套筒应力分布与连接力学性能发展规律。当套筒灌浆料抗压强度为61.3 MPa时,试验结果表明:套筒环向处于弹性状态,但其中部的纵向将进入弹塑性受力状态;套筒灌浆连接试件失效模式由套筒外钢筋断裂转向钢筋与套筒灌浆料界面粘结滑移失效的关键温度为400℃;相对常温值,高温后试件的峰值载荷与峰值位移分别下降约为12%与17%。  相似文献   

6.
运用多体动力学仿真软件UM建立了车辆-轨道多体动力学模型,并基于轮轨滚动蠕滑理论对比分析了FASTSIM算法与CONTACT算法两者在稳态和瞬态滚动状态中轮轨动态作用力之间的差异.计算结果表明:列车以稳态滚动状态行驶在直线轨道和曲线轨道上时通过FASTSIM算法计算得出的横、纵向轮轨蠕滑力与CONTACT算法的计算值存在的差异值较小,达到了10%~15%,而在瞬态滚动状态下尤其是在大蠕滑以及考虑风阻等比较恶劣的工况下行驶时计算得出的横、纵向蠕滑力与CONTACT算法的计算值存在较大的误差,差值达到了25%,并且随着车速的增加,最大差异值达到了30%,这表明CONTACT算法在瞬态滚动工况下进行蠕滑力计算上相比于FASTSIM算法更加精准,更适用于作出对列车运行时的安全性方面的评价.   相似文献   

7.
为了分析压杆失稳的临界力与失稳后杆件屈服形态的关系,在理论推导和试验研究的基础上,提出了通过捕捉细长压杆失稳时的失稳点来确定压杆临界力的分析方法,通过测量细长压杆失稳时微弯状态下杆端的纵向位移,求得临界压力的大小. 文中将该方法的实验结果与直接用欧拉公式计算的临界压力进行了比较,结果表明,考虑细长压杆微弯状态时杆端的纵向位移所得到的失稳的临界压力值大于利用欧拉公式计算的临界压力值.  相似文献   

8.
对五种金属材料进行了裂纹扩展稳定性的实验研究,试件分别采用三点弯曲试件(3PB 试件)和紧凑拉伸试件(CT 试件).试验结果分别由载荷 P——位移Δ曲线斜率的变化,(dp)/(dΔ)——Δ曲线,和撕裂模量曲线验证“撕裂失稳准则”.实验表明该准则是非保守的,同时还表明材料撕裂模量曲线 T_(MAT)-Δ(?)有相当离散度.  相似文献   

9.
正交各向异性复合井壁应力变形分析与应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
推出了正交各向异性多层复合井壁的应力、位移计算公式,分析了双层混凝 土中间夹泡沫塑料板的复合井壁的应力、变形规律. 发现当井壁环向弹性模 量小于径向弹性模量时,内壁最大剪应力和径向位移会随着环向模量的减小 而显著增大,若仍按各向同性设计,将可能出现病态井壁. 通过工程应用和现场测 试综合分析验证了上述结论,并提出了多层复合井壁破裂的新依据.  相似文献   

10.
各向同性率无关材料本构关系的不变性表示   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
在内变量理论的框架下,针对各向同性率无关材料,使用张量函数表示理论建立 了塑性应变全量及增量本构关系的最一般的张量不变性表示. 它们均由3个完备不可约的基 张量组合构成,这3个基张量分别是应力的零次幂、一次幂和二次幂. 因此得出,塑性应变、 塑性应变增量与应力三者共主轴. 通过对基张量的正交化,给出了本构关系式在主应力空间 中的几何解释. 进一步,全量(或增量)本构关系中3个组合因子被表达为应力、塑性应 变(或塑性应变增量)的不变量的函数. 当塑性应变(或塑性应变增量)的3个不变量之间 满足一定关系时,所给出的本构关系将退化为经典的形变理论(或塑性势理论). 最后,还讨论它与奇异屈服面理论的关系,当满足一定条件时,两者是一致的.  相似文献   

11.
李珏  匡震邦 《力学学报》2000,32(3):343-354
采用微观组织结构分析及宏观复合材料分析结合的方法,分析了猪主动脉瓣的非线性复合材料性质,提出了一种适用于猪主动脉瓣的非线性复合材料本构模型,用提出的非线性复合材料本构模型,对闭合承载状态下的等厚度与变厚度几何模型的猪主动脉瓣的应力分布及变形进行了有限元数值模拟,发现:与各向同性瓣叶相比,单向增强复合材料的瓣叶不但具有较强的承载能力,而且具有较大的柔软性。  相似文献   

12.
The simplest form of the matrix of elasticity moduli of an anisotropic material conducting purely longitudinal and transverse waves with an arbitrary direction of the wave normal is obtained. A generic solution of equations in displacements is represented in terms of three functions satisfying independent wave equations. In the case of planar deformation, this solution yields a complex representation coinciding with the Kolosov–Muskhelishvili formulas for an isotropic material. The formulas in the present work also determine an anisotropic material with Young's modulus identical for all directions, as in an isotropic medium.  相似文献   

13.
Summary For homogeneous isotropic elastic materials there are simple interrelations connecting Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, the rigidity modulus and the modulus of compression. However for anisotropic materials the situation is quite different. Young's modulus is a function of direction and Poisson's ratio and the rigidity modulus are functions of pairs of orthogonal directions. Here some simple universal connexions between the moduli for various directions are simply derived for general anisotropic materials. No particular symmetry is assumed in the material.  相似文献   

14.
砂岩岩石力学参数各向异性研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
俞然刚  田勇 《实验力学》2013,28(3):368-375
对胜利油田不同深度的四口井的砂岩岩芯进行了三轴压缩试验和动态岩石力学参数试验。根据获得的垂直地层方向和平行地层方向的试验数据,计算了各岩石力学参数的各向异性系数。通过分析围压以及深度对各向异性系数的影响,给出了砂岩峰值强度各项异性系数、静泊松比各向异性系数、纵波波速各向异性系数、纵横波速比和动泊松比各向异性系数与深度的拟合公式。发现峰值强度、纵波波速和纵横波速比的各向异性系数都随着深度的增加而减小,而泊松比各向异性系数随着深度的增加而增大。动、静弹性模量各向异性系数与深度相关性都很差,动弹性模量各向异性较弱,静弹性模量相对较强。  相似文献   

15.
We Consider fibre-reinforced elastic plates with the reinforcement continuously distributed in concentric circles ; such a material is locally transversely isotropic, with the circumferential direction as the preferred direction. For an annulus bounded by concentric circles, the exact solution of the traction boundary value problem is obtained. When the extension modulus in the fibre direction is large compared to other extension and shear moduli, the material is strongly anisotropic. For this case a simpler approximate solution is obtained by treating the material as inextensible in the fibre direction. It is shown that the exact solution reduces to the inextensible solution in the appropriate limit. The inextensible theory predicts the occurrence of stress concentration layers in which the direct stress is infinite ; for materials with small but finite extensibility these layers correspond to thin regions of high stress and high stress gradient. A boundary layer theory is developed for these regions. For a typical carbon fibre-resin composite, the combined boundary layer and inextensible solutions give an excellent approximation to the exact solution. The theory is applied to the problem of an isotropic plate, under uniform stress at infinity, containing a circular hole which is strengthened by the addition of an annulus of fibre-reinforced material.  相似文献   

16.
 The steady, turbulent flow in a circular-sectioned 90° bend with smooth walls has been investigated experimentally. The bend had a curvature radius ratio of 4.0 with long, straight upstream and downstream pipes. The longitudinal, circumferential and radial components of mean and fluctuating velocities, and the Reynolds stresses in the pipe cross section at several longitudinal stations were obtained with the technique of rotating a probe with an inclined hot wire at a Reynolds number of 6×104. The velocity fields of the primary and secondary flows, and the Reynolds stress distributions in the cross section were illustrated. Moreover, other characteristics of the bend flow, such as deviation of the primary flow and intensity of the secondary flow, were presented. Simultaneously, discussions were given on the transition of phenomena in the longitudinal direction and the structures of turbulence in the 90° bend. Received: 21 April 1997/Accepted: 14 November 1997  相似文献   

17.
The torsional buckling of a plastically deforming cruciform column under compressive load is investigated. The problem is solved analytically based on the von Kármán shallow shell theory and the virtual work principle. Solutions found in the literature are extended for path-dependent incremental behaviour as typically found in the presence of the vertex effect that is present in metallic polycrystals.At the critical load for buckling the direction of straining changes by an additional shear component. It is shown that the incremental elastic–plastic moduli are spatially nonuniform for such situations, contrary to the classical J2 flow and deformation theories. The critical shear modulus that governs the buckling equation is obtained as a weighted average of the incremental elastic–plastic moduli over the cross-section of the cruciform.Using a plasticity model proposed by the authors, that includes the vertex effect, the buckling-critical load is computed for a aluminium column both with the analytical model and a FEM-based eigenvalue buckling analysis. The stable post-buckling path is determined by the energy criterion of path-stability. A comparison with the experimentally obtained classical results by Gerard and Becker (1957) shows good agreement without relying on artificial imperfections as necessary in the classical J2 flow theory.  相似文献   

18.
The present work aims to determine the effective elastic moduli of a composite having a columnar microstructure and made of two cylindrically anisotropic phases perfectly bonded at their interface oscillating quickly and periodically along the circular circumferential direction. To achieve this objective, a two-scale homogenization method is elaborated. First, the micro-to-meso upscaling is carried out by applying an asymptotic analysis, and the zone in which the interface oscillates is correspondingly homogenized as an equivalent interphase whose elastic properties are analytically and exactly determined. Second, the meso-to-macro upscaling is accomplished by using the composite cylinder assemblage model, and closed-form solutions are derived for the effective elastic moduli of the composite. Two important cases in which rough interfaces exhibit comb and saw-tooth profiles are studied in detail. The analytical results given by the two-scale homogenization procedure are shown to agree well with the numerical ones provided by the finite element method and to verify the universal relations existing between the effective elastic moduli of a two-phase columnar composite.  相似文献   

19.
Based on the dislocation structures developed during plastic deformation, an anisotropic hardening law is developed to describe the latent hardening behavior of slip systems under multislip. This theory incorporates the concept of isotropic hardening, kinematic hardening, and the two-parameter representation; it automatically includes the strength differential between the forward and reversed slips and between the acute and obtuse cross slips. The self-hardening modulus of a slip system is found to be “associated” with the latent hardening law involved, and, based on some experimental evidence, two specific sets of self-hardening modulus are suggested. An important feature of this associated modulus is that the slip system with a soft latent hardening (e.g., the reversed system with a Bauschinge effect) will have an enhanced self-hardening modulus. This newly developed hardening law, together with its associated latent hardening moduli, is then applied to examine the strain-hardening behavior of a polycrystal. Although crystals with a stronger latent hardening will, in general, also lead to a stranger strain-hardening for the polycrystal, the stress-strain behavior of the polycrystal using the kinematic hardening law of single crystals is found to be not necessarily softer than that using the isotropic hardening law. Within the range of experimentally measured latent hardening ratio of slip systems, the anisotropic theory is also used to calculate the motion of yield surface of a polycrystal. The general results, employing four selected types of anisotropic hardening, all show the essential features of experimental observations by Phillips and his co-workers. The application is highlighted with a reasonably successful quantitative modeling of initial and subsequent yield surfaces of an aluminum.  相似文献   

20.
For the first time, a new cross-section profile and efficient method are developed for the vibration analysis of isotropic and orthotropic cylindrical shells having circumferentially varying profile of a cardioid cross-section expressed as an arbitrary function, under thermal gradient effect. The governing equations of orthotropic cylindrical shells with varying thermal gradient around its circumference are derived as a boundary-value problem and solved numerically as an initial-value problem, based on the framework of Flügge's shell theory, transfer matrix approach and Romberg integration method. As a semi-analytical procedure, the trigonometric functions are used with Fourier's approach to approximate the solution in the longitudinal direction and also to reduce the two-dimensional problem to one-dimensional one. The thermal gradient is assumed to arise due to the variation of Young's moduli and shear modulus, along the circumferential direction of the shell. The results are obtained to indicate the effects of cardioid cross-section on the natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes in the thermal environment as well as the sensitivity of the vibration behavior to the thermal gradient ratio and the orthotropy of the shell is also investigated for different types of vibration modes. In general, close agreement between the obtained results and those of other researchers has been found.  相似文献   

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