型钢再生混凝土柱-钢梁组合框架节点恢复力模型试验研究

为了建立型钢再生混凝土柱-钢梁组合框架中节点的恢复力模型,进行了5个组合框架节点试件的低周反复荷载试验,观察试件破坏过程及形态特征,获取各试件的滞回曲线和骨架曲线,重点分析其滞回性能和抗震性能。试验结果表明,各节点试件均发生典型的剪切破坏形态,受力过程大致经历了弹性段、带裂缝工作段、屈服强化段及破坏4个阶段,节点滞回曲线呈较为饱满的梭形,位移延性系数均值为3.29,表现出较好的抗震性能。在此基础上,考虑节点试件受力特征,建立了适合型钢再生混凝土柱-钢梁组合框架节点的四折线恢复力模型,该模型包括骨架曲线模型、刚度退化规律及滞回规则,计算曲线与试验曲线吻合较好,能够很好反映型钢再生混凝土柱-钢梁组合框架节点在低周反复荷载作用下的滞回特性。本文研究结果可为节点抗震设计提供一定参考。     

新型PEC柱(强轴)-钢梁(RBS)组合框架层间倒塌机理试验研究

结构抗倒塌性能是维系结构震后整体性和实现"大震不倒"设计标准的关键所在。为研究新型PEC柱(强轴)-钢梁(BRS)组合框架结构的层间子结构倒塌机理,按1∶2缩尺比例设计制作1榀组合框架层间子结构试件并进行拟静力抗震试验。基于试验现象记录和测试数据整理,分析了试件的破坏过程、滞回特性、水平抗侧刚度退化、耗能能力、水平侧移模式与塑性破坏机构等抗震性能。研究结果表明:对穿螺栓连接实现了节点区混凝土斜压带传力模式,且梁端截面削弱使梁端出现塑性铰远离节点区,较好满足了"强节点弱构件"的抗震要求;试件位移延性系数μ_u=4.36,最大等效黏滞阻尼比(ζ_(eq))_(max)=0.344,具有较好的抗震延性和耗能能力;试件水平抗侧刚度沿高度分布均匀,呈现理想倒三角形侧移模式;试件最终破坏模式为梁端削弱截面屈服形成塑性铰的理想塑性破坏机构,且其承载力下降到极限承载力85%时,对应层间相对侧移和节点转角均超过罕遇地震作用下层间侧移限值1/30,试件具有良好的抗倒塌能力。     

新型外包钢混凝土组合梁框架结构抗震性能的试验

为克服型钢混凝土柱-钢梁组合框架结构体系存在的缺点,提出了一种新型外包钢混凝土组合梁-型钢混凝土柱组合框架结构体系。设计制作了一榀一跨两层型钢混凝土柱-外包钢砼梁的组合框架结构模型,并通过施加恒定竖向荷载和低周反复水平荷载,对模型框架进行了抗震性能试验研究。结果表明,基于现行规范及作者新研究外包钢组合梁计算理论所设计的型钢混凝土组合框架在地震时能形成梁铰破坏机制,框架的变形能力、承载能力、延性、耗能能力等均满足延性框架的抗震要求,且模型框架的有效延性系数达到了7.93。可见,新型型钢混凝土组合柱-外包钢混凝土组合梁框架结构的抗震性能优于钢框架结构和型钢混凝土柱-钢梁框架结构,可在高层建筑中应用。     

型钢再生混凝土柱-钢梁组合框架节点地震损伤研究

为研究型钢再生混凝土柱-钢梁组合框架节点的地震损伤性能,对8个节点试件进行低周反复荷载试验研究,结果表明:节点核心区主要发生剪切斜压破坏,试件滞回曲线较为饱满,位移延性系数均值大于3.0,节点表现出较好的抗震性能。同时,基于最大变形和累积耗能的双参数准则,在Park-Ang地震损伤模型研究的基础上,通过引入组合系数α对该模型进行修正,计算节点的地震损伤指数,并以此评估分析再生粗骨料取代率和轴压比对节点地震损伤性能的影响。结合试验研究,将节点的地震损伤性态水平划分为正常使用、暂时使用、修复后使用、生命安全和防止倒塌5类,并给出其相应的量化指标;在此基础上,建立不同性态水平下节点的损伤程度、破坏等级与量化指标的一一对应关系。研究结论可为型钢再生混凝土柱-钢梁组合框架节点抗震性能化设计提供参考。     

内管设PBL肋型圆套圆中空夹层钢管混凝土柱-钢梁节点滞回性能分析

针对内管设PBL肋型圆套圆中空夹层钢管混凝土柱-钢梁节点的抗震性能研究,本文设计了5根节点试件,进行了低周往复荷载试验。以肋长、空心率、轴压比为主要变化参数,研究此类节点的破坏形态、破坏机制、滞回曲线、骨架曲线以及刚度退化、强度退化、延性、耗能能力等性能。试验结果表明:内管设置PBL肋的节点表现出良好抗震性能,但随着肋长的增加,承载力提高不明显,延性和耗能能力有一定提高,强度退化影响不大;随着空心率增大,承载力与延性略有降低,对强度退化、刚度退化、耗能能力影响不大;使用有限元软件ABAQUS建模计算得到的荷载-位移曲线与本文试验结果总体基本符合。为进一步参数分析和机理研究提供了可靠的基础。     

高层建筑结构边节点抗震性能研究

通过7根留有施工缝的高层建筑结构边节点的低周反复抗震性能试验,研究了轴压比、节点核心区的混凝土强度等级、柱中混凝土在梁中的延伸长度等对梁柱边节点抗震性能的影响,对构件的破坏特征、承载能力、延性性能、滞回曲线和骨架曲线进行了对比分析。试验结果表明:所有试验构件均为梁端受弯破坏;柱中混凝土在梁中的延伸长度对骨架曲线的形态、屈服荷载和最大荷载都没有显著影响;但是延伸长度对节点的延性性能是有影响的,延伸长度为0.5h(h为梁高)的边节点构件的位移延性系数小于延伸长度为1.0h和1.5h的构件。     

GFRP管型钢再生混凝土组合柱轴压性能及承载力计算

通过对11根玻璃纤维(GFRP)管型钢再生混凝土组合柱的静力加载试验以研究其轴压性能,主要考虑再生粗骨料取代率、配钢率和长细比、再生混凝土强度等级等设计参数,重点分析试件破坏过程及形态、荷载-位移曲线、荷载-应变曲线和承载力等。结果表明:各试件试验过程及破坏形态相似,型钢先发生屈服,随后内部再生混凝土被压碎,最后外部GFRP管纤维撕裂破坏;试件轴压承载力随着取代率和长细比的增大而逐渐减小,其最大降幅分别为10.8%和9.5%;提高配钢率和再生混凝土强度对组合柱的轴压承载力是有利的,其最大增幅分别为14.1%和6.1%。在GFRP管的约束作用下,内部型钢再生混凝土处于三向受压状态,组合柱的承载力得到了显著提高。在此基础上,采用叠加原理并考虑再生粗骨料取代率及长细比的不利影响,提出GFRP管型钢再生混凝土组合柱的轴压承载力计算公式,计算值与试验吻合较好。     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECTION STEEL-STEEL PLATE CONCRETE COMPOSITE WALL1)

提出一种型钢-钢板混凝土组合墙,为了研究其抗震性能,设计制作该形式的型钢-钢板混凝土组合墙进行拟静力试验。通过改变试件的轴压比、剪跨比,研究其在低周往复载荷作用下的受力机理、滞回性能、刚度退化及耗能能力等。试验结果表明：试件的破坏形态为压弯破坏,组合墙两端方钢管正面及侧面发生撕裂,两侧底部钢板屈曲严重,混凝土压溃;随着轴压比减小,试件具有更好的塑性变形能力和耗能能力,剪跨比对组合墙的抗震性能影响较小。     

方钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱轴压性能试验研究

为研究方钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱轴压性能,设置了长细比、再生骨料取代率、再生混凝土强度、型钢配钢率和方钢管宽厚比等参数,对13个试件进行单调静力加载试验,观察试件破坏过程及破坏形态,获取试件荷载-位移和荷载-应变曲线,分析设计参数对组合柱轴压受力性能的影响。结果表明:试件的破坏顺序均为型钢首先被压屈,随后再生混凝土被压碎,最后的破坏是因为钢管外表面发生鼓屈而丧失轴压承载力;提高长细比、钢管宽厚比和再生粗骨料取代率,组合柱轴压承载力的最大降幅分别为10.7%、24.8%和9.9%;相反,提高再生混凝土强度和型钢配钢率,组合柱的轴压承载力最大提高幅度分别为19.7%和14.3%;总体上看,试件均表现出较高的承载力和良好的变形能力。在此基础上,参考国内外相关规程,采用叠加原理,建立了方钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱的轴压承载力公式,并验证了计算公式的有效性。     

组合式十字形钢管混凝土柱偏压力学性能试验研究

设计了一种由槽钢和方形钢管拼焊形成的组合式十字形钢管混凝土柱,将其灵活地布置在框架结构的中节点,可使柱肢与填充墙等厚,有效地提高建筑使用面积。共制作了6根组合式十字形钢管混凝土柱试件,考虑了偏心距和长细比两种变化参数。通过对其进行偏心受压试验研究,考察了试件的破坏形态和荷载-挠度曲线,并分析了其在不同偏心距和长细比下的荷载-应变曲线发展规律。结果表明:组合式十字形钢管混凝土柱中钢管和槽钢对混凝土的约束作用强,表现为较高的延性系数;偏心距或长细比越大,试件的极限承载力及弹性刚度越小,且偏心距越大延性越好,长细比对延性影响不显著;在受拉侧纵向应变基本上符合平截面假定,在受压侧纵向应变不符合平截面假定。     

Preface: Current research progress on mechanics of high speed rail

The construction and operation of high-speed rail（HSR）grid within the past two decades in China,in terms of the scale,may be possibly comparable to any national-wide construction in the history of China,even the Great Wall.By counting railways with commercial train service at the speed of200 km/h,China has the world’s longest HSR network with over 19 369.8 km of track in service today and this number     

ACTA MECHANICA SINICA 2014 ANNUAL SUBJECT INDEX

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人造地震动合成中的位移误差分析

三角函数级数法是合成人工地震动常用算法之一,但是通过对加速度积分求取位移时,却存在与零线漂移相类似的位移漂移现象。     

Hermitian space-time finite elements for estuarine mass transport

Space-time finite element solutions of the convection–dispersion equation using higher-order nodal continuity and Hermitian polynomial shape functions are described. Five separate elements ranging from a complete linear element with C^0,0 nodal continuity to a complete first-order Hermitian element with C^1,1 nodal continuity are subjected to detailed analysis. Wave deformation analyses identify the source of leading or trailing edge oscillations, trailing edge oscillations being the major source of difficulty. These observations are confirmed by numerical experiments which further demonstrate the potential of higher-order nodal continuity. The performance of the complete first-order Hermitian element is quite satisfactory and measurably superior to the linear element.     

Rainwater rivulets on a cable subject to windFilets d'eau de pluie sur un câble soumis au vent

Rainwater rivulets appear on inclined cables of cable-stayed bridges when wind and rain occur simultaneously. In a restricted range of parameters this is known to cause vibrations of high amplitudes on the cable. The mechanism underlying this effect is still under debate but the role of rainwater rivulets is certain. We use a standard lubrication model to analyse the dynamics of a water film on a cylinder under the effect of gravity and wind load. A simple criterion is then proposed for the appearance and position of rivulets, where the Froude number is the control parameter. Experiments with several geometries of cylinder covered with water in a wind tunnel show the evolution of the rivulets with the Froude number. Comparison of the prediction by the model with these experimental data shows that the main mechanism of rivulet formation and positioning is captured. To cite this article: C. Lemaitre et al., C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Cristallisation par onde acoustique : le cas de l'héliumCrystallization by acoustic waves: the case of helium

We establish a theoretical model to explain the nucleation of a crystal of helium by an acoustic over-pressure. We explain the interfacial laws for this ultra-fast cristallization, close to the sound speed. Assuming spherical symmetry and taking into account the experimental data, we recover the dynamics of the growth and melting during an over-pressure impulse. To cite this article: M. Ben Amar et al., C. R. Mecanique 331 (2003).     

Structure initiale et propriétés de liquéfaction statique d'un sableInitial structure and static liquefaction properties of sand.

Based on the use of two different preparation procedures for reconstituting triaxial samples of sand, i.e. wet tamping and dry pluviation, significant differences in associated mechanical behaviour are observed on a reference sand with respect to the phenomenon of ‘static’ liquefaction. Wet tamping favours the initiation of liquefaction instability, whereas dry pluviation favours a more stable behaviour, less susceptible to liquefaction. Microscopic observation of corresponding sand specimens allows us to identify two well differentiated structures, i.e., for wet tamping, an irregular structure with predominance of aggregates (aggregated grains) and macropores, very contractant and unstable and, for dry pluviation, a more regular structure, without macropores, more dilatant and more stable. These observations show the importance of further characterization, based on the introduction of appropriate parameters, of the initial structure of sandy materials, strongly dependant upon their mode of formation (natural or artificial). To cite this article: N. Benahmed et al., C. R. Mecanique 332 (2004).     

Sources of Complexity in Human Systems

Complex is a special attribute we can give to many kinds of systems. Although it is used often as a synonym of difficult, it has a specific epistemological meaning, which is going to be shared by the incoming science of complexity. Difficult is an object which, by means of an adequate computational power, can be deterministically or stochastically predictable. On the contrary complex is an object which can not be predictable because of logical impossibility or because its predictability would require a computational power far beyond any physical feasibility, now and forever. For complexity refers to some observing system, it is always subjective, and thus it is defined as observed irreducible complexity. Human systems are affected by several sources of complexity, belonging to three classes, in order of descending restrictivity. Systems belonging to the first class are not predictable at all, those belonging to the second class are predictable only through an infinite computational capacity, and those belonging to the third class are predictable only through a trans-computational capacity. The first class has two sources of complexity: logical complexity, directly deriving from self-reference and Gödel's incompleteness theorems, and relational complexity, resulting in a sort of indeterminacy principle occurring in social systems. The second class has three sources of complexity: gnosiological complexity, which consists of the variety of possible perceptions; semiotic complexity, which represents the infinite possible interpretations of signs and facts; and chaotic complexity, which characterizes phenomena of nonlinear dynamic systems. The third class coincides with computational complexity, which basically coincides with the mathematical concept of intractability. Artificial, natural, biological and human systems are characterized by the influence of different sources of complexity, and the latter appear to be the most complex.