一种基于轮轨竖向刚性接触的车-桥空间耦合振动建模方法

车辆-桥梁耦合振动研究具有重要的理论意义和工程实用价值,耦合系统运动方程的建立是研究开展的关键。本文将车辆-桥梁作为一个整体系统,采取轮轨竖向刚性接触方式,考虑轨道竖向、横向不平顺及其一、二阶导数,和轮对侧滚惯性力以及自旋角动量的影响,车辆采用弹簧阻尼连接的多刚体模拟,桥梁采用空间梁单元离散,基于Kalker线性蠕滑理论结合Shen-Hedrick-Elkins修正理论计算轮轨蠕滑力,运用弹性系统动力学总势能不变值原理及其对号入座法则,推导了车辆-桥梁耦合系统空间有限元形式的运动方程,该运动方程可采用逐步积分法直接求解得到车辆和桥梁的动力响应。最后,本文给出了典型的数值算例进行了分析计算。     

车辆各轮相干桥面不平顺激励的车桥耦合振动

根据车辆左右轮的互功率谱密度和相干函数,推导了左右轮桥面不平顺特性中对应相位角的相干关系,提出了采用相位角相干生成车辆各轮相干桥面不平顺激励的方法,并通过数值算例验证了该生成方法的可靠性.工程应用结果表明,车辆各轮相干桥面不平顺激励增大了桥梁、车辆竖向和车辆俯仰角的振动响应,但降低了车辆侧倾角的振动响应;不同相干函数模型对桥梁振动响应影响较小,但对车辆振动响应影响较大;同一相干函数模型,桥梁振动响应随着相干强度的增大而增大,但车辆振动响应随着相干强度的增大而减小;研究桥面不平顺随机激励对车桥耦合系统振动响应的影响有必要考虑车辆各轮的相干关系.     

非线性Winkler地基上矩形薄板在移动荷载作用下的非线性动力分析

分析了非线性Winkler地基上矩形薄板在车辆移动荷载作用下的非线性动力特性。考虑地基反力的存在,基于Hamilton能量变分原理,建立了车辆、板、地基耦合系统非线性振动的控制微分方程;并将方程进行了量纲归一化处理,构造了满足周边自由矩形薄板全部边界条件的试探函数;运用伽辽金法和谐波平衡法对耦合系统控制方程进行了求解,讨论了板参数、地基参数、车辆系统参数等变化对耦合系统板振动幅频曲线的影响。结果表明:该耦合系统振动的频率都随板振幅的增大而增大;当板振动的幅值一定时,系统振动频率随着板厚、地基反应模量、车辆运行速度、车体刚度的增大而增大,但随着车体质量的增大而减小。因此,适当增加地基的反应模量可优化地基板的振动,并且从行车舒适性角度考虑,适当控制车速和车体刚度是有益的。     

确定性载荷作用下Timoshenko薄壁梁的弯扭耦合动力响应

建立了一种普遍的解析理论用于求解确定性载荷作用下Timoshenko薄壁梁的弯扭耦合动力响应。首先通过直接求解单对称均匀Timoshenko薄壁梁单元弯扭耦合振动的运动偏微分方程，给出了计算其自由振动的精确方法，并导出了Timoshenko弯扭耦合薄壁梁自由振动主模态的正交条件。然后利用简正模态法研究了确定性载荷作用下单对称Timoshenko薄壁梁的弯扭耦合动力响应，该弯扭耦合梁所受到的荷载可以是集中载荷或沿着梁长度分布的分布载荷。最后假定确定性载荷是谐波变化的，得到了各种激励下封闭形式的解，并对动力弯曲位移和扭转位移的数值结果进行了讨论。     

基于振动响应的耦合弦系统损伤检测

为解决具有相近频率和相重频率特征的多跨耦合弦系统的损伤检测问题,建立了耦合弦系统在外激励作用下的有限元运动方程.利用直接积分法计算了系统强迫振动响应,将弦的局部损伤模拟为单元面积的减少,推导了振动响应对弦单元面积的灵敏度,并利用此响应灵敏度进行弦的局部损伤识别.数值算例表明:此方法能快速准确地识别出耦合弦的局部损伤,并且对模拟的人工噪声不敏感.     

小半径曲线上长大桥梁车桥耦合振动分析

本文基于车辆-直线桥梁的耦合振动分析理论,采用模态叠加法,建立车辆-曲线桥梁的耦合振动方程。采用移动坐标系,通过坐标变换,解决车辆曲线通过时轮轨耦合的几何关系。依据赫兹弹性接触理论,考虑密贴接触和非密贴接触,求解轮轨接触力。基于车辆直线运动的Kalker线形蠕滑理论,修正后得出车辆曲线运行的蠕滑率。同时,在广义力向量中考虑了车辆曲线运动时产生的离心力和超高分力。采用分离迭代法求解运动方程,得出车桥耦合振动响应。基于这些理论分析,结合某小半径曲线上长大桥梁工程实例,进行列车-曲线桥梁的车桥耦合振动数值分析,得出了车辆通过小半径曲线上长大桥梁的一些车桥振动特性和规律。     

基于实验研究的轧机垂扭耦合振动分析

以承钢1780热连轧机组的R1为研究对象,依据多自由度系统振动理论,提出了一种垂扭耦合动力学模型的建模方法,建立了R1的垂扭耦合振动微分方程;并结合现场实测数据,确定了系统的耦合系数;分别计算了该轧机垂振、扭振、垂扭耦合振动的固有频率,并进行了比较。分析了考虑耦合振动系统时,轧机固有频率的变化情况,给出了R1垂扭耦合振动的前15阶固有频率。通过对咬钢激励情况下垂扭耦合系统的动态响应分析,分别计算了上下辊系扭振与垂振的最大振幅。通过对振动幅值的比较,论证了扭振与垂振之间的影响程度,并通过现场实测对理论分析结果进行了验证。     

高速铁路碎石道砟振动的离散元模拟

道砟振动对其磨损、破碎和道床累积变形有显著影响,为揭示高速车辆移动荷载作用下道砟动态响应特性,建立有砟道床离散元模型,开展车辆-轨道耦合动力学计算得到离散元模型输入荷载,模拟分析高速车辆以不同速度通过时有砟道床的振动响应,并与车辆-轨道耦合动力学计算结果进行对比分析。结果表明,轨枕、道砟和道床块振动位移波形相似,位移幅值沿道床深度方向减小,道床块振动位移与轨枕底面以下0.3m处道砟的振动位移相当;轨枕、道床块振动速度与加速度随行车速度提高而增大;受道砟颗粒间复杂相互作用的影响,道砟振动加速度会出现突变。道床离散元模型能合理反映道砟颗粒的振动响应特性,道床块模型体现了道床层在有砟轨道结构中的动力传递与减振特性,两种道床模型的计算结果具有一定的相似性。     

车轨系统随机响应周期性拟稳态分析

提出用于三维车轨耦合系统随机动力响应高效求解的周期性拟稳态分析方法. 车辆采用三维刚体动力学模型,轨道结构利用三维轨道广义单元建模. 假定轨枕间距均匀,则列车在轨道上行驶过程中,车轨耦合系统动力学方程具有典型周期时变特征. 应用虚拟激励方法将轨道随机不平顺转化为虚拟简谐不平顺,在状态空间下运用周期系数微分方程的性质和Schur分解技巧将上述问题的求解转化为周期性拟稳态响应分析,只需通过求解系数矩阵为上三角的线性方程组即可代替以往时变系统虚拟响应求解过程中的逐步积分过程,计算效率获得较大提高. 采用该方法进行了三维车轨耦合系统的随机动力响应分析,并进行了不平顺随机载荷在车体、转向架、轮对和轨道等部件中传递机理分析,获得了一些有价值结论.     

轴向受载的Euler-Bernoulli梁的双向弯曲扭转耦合振动研究

本文研究了轴向受载的Euler-Bernoulli梁的双向弯曲扭转耦合自由振动问题.选择梁横截面的剪切中心作为坐标原点,坐标轴平行于梁截面的几何轴;振动微分方程中有关梁截面几何特性的参数均采用相对于几何轴的参数.结合具体的边界条件求解自由振动微分方程组,辅以Mathematica软件计算梁振动的固有频率.针对具体的算例,给出了三种边界条件下梁弯扭耦合振动的固有频率的数值结果,并与Ansys软件的计算结果进行了比较,分析了误差来源以及轴向荷载对弯扭耦合自由振动的影响.数值结果验证了本文方法在其适用范围内的精确性和有效性.本文忽略了翘曲刚度的影响.     

Nonlinear dynamic analysis for coupled vehicle-bridge system with harmonic excitation

In this paper, a multi-degree-of-freedom lumped parameter coupled vehicle-bridge dynamic model is proposed considering the nonlinearities of suspension and tire stiffness/damping and the nonlinear foundation of bridge. In terms of modelling, the continuous expressions of the kinetic energy, potential energy and the dissipation function are constructed. The dynamic equations of the coupled vehicle-bridge system (CVBS) are derived and discretized using Galerkin’s scheme, which yield a set of second-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations with coupled terms. The numerical simulations are conducted by using the Newmark-β integration method to perform a parametric study of the effects on excitation amplitude, suspension stiffness and position relation. The bifurcation diagram, 3-D frequency spectrum and largest Lyapunov exponent are demonstrated in order to better understand the vibration properties and interaction between the vehicle and bridge with the key system parameters. It can be found that the nonlinear dynamic characteristics such as parametric resonance, jump phenomena, periodic, quasi-periodic and chaotic motions are strongly attributed to the interaction between vehicle and bridge. Significantly, under the combined internal and external excitations, the vibration amplitudes of the CVBS have a certain degree of dependence on the external excitation. Suspension stiffness could lead to complex dynamics such as the higher-order bifurcations increase and the chaotic regions broaden. The increasing of distance could effectively control the nonlinear vibration of CVBS. The application of the proposed nonlinear coupled vehicle-bridge model would bring higher computational accuracy and make it possible to design the vehicle and bridge simultaneously.     

Nonlinear vibration of a two-mass system with nonlinear stiffnesses

An analytical approach is developed for nonlinear free vibration of a conservative, two-degree-of-freedom mass–spring system having linear and nonlinear stiffnesses. The main contribution of the proposed approach is twofold. First, it introduces the transformation of two nonlinear differential equations of a two-mass system using suitable intermediate variables into a single nonlinear differential equation and, more significantly, the treatment a nonlinear differential system by linearization coupled with Newton’s method and harmonic balance method. New and accurate higher-order analytical approximate solutions for the nonlinear system are established. After solving the nonlinear differential equation, the displacement of two-mass system can be obtained directly from the governing linear second-order differential equation. Unlike the common perturbation method, this higher-order Newton–harmonic balance (NHB) method is valid for weak as well as strong nonlinear oscillation systems. On the other hand, the new approach yields simple approximate analytical expressions valid for small as well as large amplitudes of oscillation unlike the classical harmonic balance method which results in complicated algebraic equations requiring further numerical analysis. In short, this new approach yields extended scope of applicability, simplicity, flexibility in application, and avoidance of complicated numerical integration as compared to the previous approaches such as the perturbation and the classical harmonic balance methods. Two examples of nonlinear two-degree-of-freedom mass–spring system are analyzed and verified with published result, exact solutions and numerical integration data.     

轮对非线性动力学系统蛇行运动的解析解

在对铁路车辆系统的极限环幅值和非线性临界速度进行分析时通常采用数值方法, 不便于研究其随系统参数的变化规律. 轮对系统保留了影响车辆系统动力学性能的几个关键要素: 如轮轨几何非线性约束、轮轨接触蠕滑关系和悬挂系统等, 可以反映铁路车辆系统蛇行运动的本质特性. 轮对系统自由度少、参数少, 可以采用解析方法进行分析. 本文选取合适的特征量把轮对非线性动力学方程无量纲化, 得到了带有小参数的两自由度微分方程; 采用多尺度方法对该方程进行了解析求解; 给出了轮对系统极限环幅值的解析表达式并对其稳定性进行了判定; 给出了轮对系统的分岔速度解析表达式, 并进而获得系统的非线性临界速度的解析表达式. 在对得到的解析解用数值结果进行验证后, 用得到的解析解进行了系统参数影响分析. 传统的分岔图计算方法(如降速法、路径跟踪法等)需对微分方程进行大量数值积分计算方可求解系统的非线性临界速度值, 而通过本文获得的解析表达式可直接给出系统的非线性临界速度值和极限环幅值, 便于研究轮对系统动力学特性随参数的变化规律,进行快速方案比对和筛选, 为转向架结构优化设计提供参考.      

基于对称性的三维车辆轨道耦合系统随机振动虚拟激励方法

基于结构的对称性提出了用于三维车辆轨道耦合系统高效随机动力响应分析的虚拟激励方法.车辆采用刚体动力学模型,轨道结构利用三维轨道广义单元建模,车辆与轨道通过线性轮轨关系耦合.采用虚拟激励法将高低、方向和水平三类轨道不平顺转化为一系列筒谐的虚拟不平顺；考虑车辆及轨道结构的对称性,分别推导了耦合系统的对称和反对称凝聚矩阵,提出了用于车辆轨道耦合系统动力响应计算的自由度凝聚方法,将耦合系统的自由度缩减至原来的一半以下,并在此基础上实现了耦合系统随机振动的高效分析.数值算例将本文方法与传统有限元方法进行对比,验证了本文方法的正确性和有效性.     

变截面框架-剪力墙-薄壁筒结构弯扭耦连振动的常微分方程求解器解法

本文用沿高度方向分段连续化的方法,对沿高度方向为阶形变截面,在平面内为任意斜向布置的框架-剪力墙-薄壁筒协同工作体系,建立了弯扭耦连的振动方程,用常微分方程求解器(COLSYS)求解了自振频率及相应的振型。     

燃料大幅晃动等几何分析仿真及航天器耦合动力学研究

现代航天器肩负许多周期长且复杂的航天任务,通常需要携带大量的液体燃料.贮箱中液体燃料大幅晃动会严重影响航天器的姿态稳定性和控制精度,是现代航天器耦合动力学建模和精确控制研究的重要问题.本文提出了一种新的液体大幅晃动数值仿真方法,采用等几何分析方法对贮箱内气体和液体整体进行建模和空间离散,采用压力修正的分步法对控制方程进行时间离散,结合水平集方法划分气体和液体区域并且实时追踪液体晃动自由面.提出了一种质量修正方法以消除水平集函数演化产生的液体质量误差.基于燃料大幅晃动等几何分析仿真方法,对携带太阳能帆板的充液航天器进行动力学建模和耦合运动数值仿真.对于太阳能帆板的振动问题则采用Kirchhoff-Love板理论建模和模态分析法数值求解.通过将数值仿真结果与解析解对比,证明了本文给出方法的正确性.本文还对燃料大幅晃动下的航天器刚-液-柔耦合运动进行了数值仿真,发现液体晃动对航天器的姿态变化和结构振动的幅值和频率具有不可忽视的影响.     

Equilibria of axially moving beams in the supercritical regime

Equilibria of axially moving beams are computationally investigated in the supercritical transport speed ranges. In the supercritical regime, the pattern of equilibria consists of the straight configuration and of non-trivial solutions that bifurcate with transport speed. The governing equations of coupled planar is reduced to a partial-differential equation and an integro-partial-differential equation of transverse vibration. The numerical schemes are respectively presented for the governing equations and the corresponding static equilibrium equation of coupled planar and the two governing equations of transverse motion for non-trivial equilibrium solutions via the finite difference method and differential quadrature method under the simple support boundary. A steel beam is treated as example to demonstrate the non-trivial equilibrium solutions of three nonlinear equations. Numerical results indicate that the three models predict qualitatively the same tendencies of the equilibrium with the changing parameters and the integro-partial-differential equation yields results quantitatively closer to those of the coupled equations.     

THERMOELASTICALLY COUPLED AXISYMMETRIC NONLINEARVIBRATION OF SHALLOW SPHERICALAND CONICAL SHELLS

The problem of axisymmetric nonlinear vibration for shallow thin spherical and conical shells when temperature and strain fields are coupled is studied. Based on the large deflection theories of yon Ktirrntin and the theory of thermoelusticity, the whole governing equations and their simplified type are derived. The time-spatial variables are separated by Galerkin ‘ s technique, thus reducing the governing equations to a system of time-dependent nonlinear ordinary differential equation. By means of regular perturbation method and multiple-scales method, the first-order approximate analytical solution for characteristic relation of frequency vs amplitude parameters along with the decay rate of amplitude are obtained, and the effects of different geometric parameters and coupling factors us well us boundary conditions on thermoelustically coupled nonlinear vibration behaviors are discussed.