爆炸载荷作用下地下拱形结构动态分析

应用有限元方法分析了爆炸载荷作用下地下拱形结构与土介质的动力相互作用问题。结构与介质均假定为弹塑性，并用Ｍｉｓｅｓ屈服准则描述，且考虑其几何非线性的影响。使用了人为阻尼边界，并使计算模型的几何尺寸满足限制性条件，从而大大提高了计算精度。还对几种解进行了比较，对影响结构应力场的因素也进行了讨论。     

应力波与带软衬垫的地下结构动力相互作用

本文应用有限元法分析了应力波与带软衬垫的地下结构动力相互作用问题。软衬垫假定为弹塑性并用Mises屈服准则描述,而且考虑其几何非线性的影响。结构与介质按弹性考虑。文中给出了有限元计算所涉及的几何与物理非线性问题的一般基本公式。计算和分析了应力波通过软衬垫后结构运动特性。并与相同条件下未加软衬垫的地下结构进行了对比,从中得出了软衬垫的几何非线性、物理力学参数以及几何尺寸等因素对结构运动的影响规律。文中还对大、小应变理论的应用界限进行了讨论。     

关于爆破相似律的一些问题

根据对爆破作用机理的理解和相似律基本原理,分析了爆破相似性问题;文中给出了几何相似的条件,并在几何相似的条件下分析了爆破中的若干问题;文中还讨论了介质的初始结构、破坏的表面能、时效、漏气和重力等破坏几何相似的因素及其作用机制。     

土—结构相互作用对高柔结构风振响应TMD控制的影响

文中研究了土－结构相互作用对高层,高耸结构风振响应TMD控制的影响,讨论了结构不同基础类型和不同地在土介质对TMD风振控制效率的影响,数值结构表明,土－结构相互作用对风振响应TMD控制的影响不同于对地震响应TMD控制的影响。     

三相介质饱和土自由场中爆炸波的传播规律

饱和土是由固体上颗粒、水和少量封闭的空气组成的三相介质。介绍了爆炸波作用下三相介质饱和土有限元基本方程的建立过程，推导了引进人工粘性项的动力有限元方程，得到在饱和土自由场中爆炸波的传播规律；不同空气含量饱和土中爆炸波随深度的衰减规律。文中还给出了有限元与有限差分间断分解结果的比较，以说明本文理论方法的有效性。     

土中爆炸波与地下结构相互作用计算方法研究综述

土中爆炸波与结构相互作用是地下工程结构抗爆计算的理论基础,理论研究中通常在宏观试验基础上,引入合理的介质动力本构模型分析波动问题。针对工程防护中的计算模型和解析方法,综述了岩土介质中爆炸波与结构相互作用的现状和研究进展,内容包括土的动力本构模型,自由场中爆炸波的传播、爆炸波与箱型、圆柱形和直墙圆拱型等地下结构的相互作用等。重点阐述了常用的非饱和土和饱和土的动力本构模型、考虑松弛效应的土的综合弹塑性模型,一维平面波在不均匀介质和分层介质中的传播及地下结构爆炸荷载计算方面的研究成果,分析了各种模型和计算方法的适用范围和存在问题。     

两相介质饱和土三维非轴对称稳态响应分析

用积分变换方法分析饱和土三维非轴对称波动方程，用刚度矩阵方法分析层状饱和土三维非轴对称稳态响应。以数值算例对比分析了单相土介质与两相饱和土介质三维非轴对称稳态动力响应。分析中未引入势函数及传统的Helmholtz分解，推导过程及解答均非常简捷，为边界元方法在三维非轴对称饱和土与基础结构动力相互作用研究中的应用奠定基础。     

平面装药模拟高超压长持续时间爆炸作用

平面装药长持续时间爆炸作用是一种有效的试验手段，对土中平面波传播和土介质与结构相互作用的研究具有十分重要的意义。从理论计算和大型野外试验两个方面对平面装药爆炸作用过程进行了深入研究。在理论计算上，建立了ＴＮＴ装药和真实空气双介质物理模型，利用一维不定常平面流动拉格朗日型偏微分方程组求解，给出了爆腔压力空间分布和地面压力随时间的变化结果。在野外试验中，克服了平面装药模拟高超压作用的许多技术困难，实现了高达４５ＭＰａ的压力加载。文中将理论计算和野外试验结果进行了综合比较，结果表明压力波形的振荡衰减特征完全一致，从而证明了平面装药模拟高超压长持续时间爆炸作用是完全可以实现的有效而可靠的手段。     

饱和土中爆炸波传播问题的数值模拟

应用流体弹塑性力学的框架描述了爆炸荷载作用下饱和土介质的本构模型,包括体积压缩关系和强度关系。应用LS-dyna软件分析了三相饱和土介质中的爆炸波传播及其与结构的相互作用问题,并与先前完成的试验结果进行了对比,两者吻合较好。饱和土中爆炸波传播的一些特殊现象被重现,表明本构模型的描述是可行的。     

饱和土与衬砌动力相互作用的圆柱形孔洞内源问题解答

考虑饱和土与衬砌结构的动力相互作用,该文研究了内源荷载作用下圆柱形孔洞的动力响应问题.将饱和土体和衬砌结构分别视为流固耦合介质和弹性均匀介质,通过引入势函数将位移控制方程化为二维轴对称波动方程.采用拉普拉斯变换,得到饱和土体位移应力的表达式及衬砌的位移应力的表达式.利用土体与衬砌结构之间的连续性条件和衬砌结构内边界上的边界条件,确定表达式的未知系数.采用逆拉普拉斯变换的数值方法,给出了问题的数值解.分析了饱和土中圆形衬砌结构随土体和衬砌结构参数变化的动力响应规律.     

一种孔隙介质力学模型及在水泥基材料的应用

基于细观力学和断裂力学的基本理论提出一个新的分析模型, 对孔隙介质的力学性能进行了分析. 依据孔隙介质内部孔隙的几何描述和状态参数,如孔隙率、形状、尺度及分布等,通过等效夹杂理论获得孔隙介质的等效本构方程,其最终变量为应力、应变和孔隙的形态参数. 根据断裂理论中材料承受载荷作用下破坏增长过程中的能量守恒,对孔隙介质变形过程中机械能、弹性应变能和载荷提供的势能进行分析, 根据能量守恒定律建立能量守恒方程,其最终变量也为应力、应变和孔隙的形态参数. 根据等效本构方程和能量守恒方程,获得孔隙介质承受载荷作用下的应力应变关系. 最后将该力学模型应用于水泥基材料,计算水泥基材料的力学性能并与文献中的结果进行对比分析,结果显示模型的计算结果准确有效.      

MSC折纸结构设计及其双稳态解析与实验

折纸是一门古老艺术,其本质是将平面材料沿着事先设计好的折痕进行折叠,进而形成一个复杂的三维结构．柔性折纸结构是实现三维结构轻量化的重要途径．因此,解析折纸结构几何特性和力学性质十分必要．本文以MSC(Magic Spiral Cube)为研究对象,通过实际折痕和虚拟折痕的方法,建立了该结构的几何模型,确定了实现完全展开和完全折叠对刚性面和可变形面的设计条件,在虚拟折痕上引入了扭转刚度,证明了该扭转刚度与柔性面变形的等效性,从而得到了MSC 折纸结构的弹性势能,得到了使结构变形的力与位移本构．通过力学特性分析,发现了MSC折纸结构具有双稳态特性,这种特性是由面内变形诱发的,与虚拟折痕刚度与弹性折痕刚度的比值有直接的关系．最后,我们对MSC折纸结构进行设计和制备,通过实验,验证了理论 模型的准确性．本文的研究结果不仅进一步加深了我们对于MSC折纸结构力学特性的认识,同时也为其工程应用提供理论基础．     

Geometric and Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Three-dimensional Saturated Prefractal Porous Media Determined with Lattice Boltzmann Modeling

Fractal and prefractal geometric models have substantial potential for contributing to the analysis of flow and transport in porous media such as soils and reservoir rocks. In this study, geometric and hydrodynamic parameters of saturated 3D mass and pore–solid prefractal porous media were characterized using the lattice Boltzmann model (LBM). The percolation thresholds of the 3D prefractal porous media were inversely correlated with the fraction of micro-pore clusters and estimated as 0.36 and 0.30 for mass and pore–solid prefractal porous media, respectively. The intrinsic permeability and the dispersivity of the 3D pore–solid prefractals were larger than those of the 3D mass prefractals, presumably because of the occurrence of larger solid and pore cluster sizes in the former. The intrinsic permeability and dispersivity of both types of structure increased with increasing porosity, indicating a positive relationship between permeability and dispersivity, which is at odds with laboratory data and current theory. This discrepancy may be related to limitations of the convection dispersion equation at the relatively high porosity values employed in the present study.     

A retractable structure based on Bricard linkages and rotating rings of tetrahedra

Retractable structures which alter their geometries according to practical requirements are widely used in roof structures of stadiums for their versatility. A retractable structure based on threefold-symmetric Bricard linkages and rotating rings of tetrahedra is proposed and developed in this paper. By replacing each link of a threefold-symmetric Bricard linkage with a tetrahedron, a retractable structure is obtained which can repeatedly open and close by rotating the tetrahedra. The geometric relationship between the retractable structure and the threefold-symmetric Bricard linkage is derived and ranges of main geometric parameters are determined to ensure a continuous and smooth movement in the deployment of the structure. Then the relative displacement of the support and the open rate of the structure, two main parameters concerned in practical applications, are investigated. Preferred ranges of main geometric parameters are proposed and a physical model is manufactured to verify them. A discussion on some possible improvements and modifications of the structure is also presented.     

可重构力学超材料的设计与波动特性研究

力学超材料中的弯曲梁双稳态结构由于其主动调控性强且调控精度高等优点近年来受到广泛关注. 文章利用中心受压弯曲梁的不稳定性设计了六角型双稳态结构, 首先建立了等效弯曲梁模型, 基于梁变形微分方程及能量最低原理探明了结构双稳态特性的产生基理, 之后利用有限元数值计算研究了结构几何参数对其整体力学性能的影响, 分别得到了具备自恢复及双稳态性能的结构几何参数范围, 绘制了几何参数与力学性能之间的相图. 同时, 可重构结构的可控变形能力有助于调整整体的色散特性, 利用数值仿真研究了具备双稳态特性的结构在拉伸和压缩两种构型下的色散关系, 对比分析了不同结构几何参数及构型转变对结构产生的带隙位置及范围的影响, 之后对由不同构型单胞组成的周期性结构进行了频响分析来验证带隙计算的准确性. 通过六角型可重构结构的力学特性、色散特性研究及频响分析表明可以通过结构几何参数的设计实现对结构整体性能的主动调控, 为可逆向设计的弹性波超材料结构研究分析提供了一条可靠路径.      

板桁结构考虑局部屈曲空间计算的横向条带板段单元法

用有限个横向条带法构造了板桁组合结构板段考虑局部屈曲的空间位移模式。基于三维连续体的虚功增量方程,导出了横向条带板段单元的ＵＬ列式,并考虑了板段单元位形变化的影响。此计算方法自由度少,计算精度高,能用于大型板桁结构的几何非线性分析。文末计算了广东西江桥板桁组合结构模型梁,计算结果与实测结果吻合较好。     

Singularities and spectral asymptotics of a random nonlinear wave in a nondispersive system

In this paper, we study the propagation of high-intensity acoustic noise in free space and in waveguide systems. A mathematical model generalizing the Burgers equation is used. It describes the nonlinear wave evolution inside tubes of variable cross-section, as well as in ray tubes, if the geometric approximation for heterogeneous media is used. The generalized equation transforms to the common Burgers equation with a dissipative parameter, known as the “Reynolds–Goldberg number”. In our model, this number depends on the distance travelled by the wave. With a zero “viscous” dissipative term, the model reduces to the Riemann (or Hopf) equation. Its solution presents the field by an implicit function. The spectral form of this solution makes it possible to derive explicit expressions for both dynamic and statistical characteristics of intense waves. The use of a spectral approach allowed us to describe the high-intensity noise in media with zero and finite viscosity. Applicability conditions of these solutions are defined. Since the phase matching is fulfilled for any triplet of interacting spectral components, there is an avalanche-like increase in the number of harmonics and the formation of shocks. The relationship between these discontinuities and other singularities and the high-frequency asymptotic of intense noise is studied. The possibility is shown to enhance nonlinear effects in waveguide systems during the evolution of noise.     

Review on Scale Dependent Characterization of the Microstructure of Porous Media

The paper discusses local porosity theory and its relation with other geometric characterization methods for porous media such as correlation functions and contact distributions. Special emphasis is placed on the charcterization of geometric observables through Hadwigers theorem in stochastic geometry. The four basic Minkowski functionals are introduced into local porosity theory, and for the first time a relationship is established between the Euler characteristic and the local percolation probabilities. Local porosity distributions and local percolation probabilities provide a scale dependent characterization of the microstructure of porous media that can be used in an effective medium approach to predict transport.     

A proposal for a convertible stadium roof structure derived from Watt-I linkage

In this paper, a novel convertible stadium roof structure is introduced, which has been derived from a special geometric configuration of Watt-I linkage, a 1-DoF mechanism used in robot technologies as anthropomorphic fingers. The proposed structure can offer a wide range of different shape configurations according to the environmental conditions and spatial needs, thus offering several aesthetic and functional advantages over existing solutions. This paper serves as a feasibility investigation of this concept, mainly from geometric and structural point of view. To that affect, first kinematic analysis and geometric design of this linkage are introduced. Then, structural analyses of the proposed structure with realistic dimensions and loading conditions are performed in three different geometric configurations, in order to discuss strength and stiffness limitations. Finally, potential cover materials and actuators are briefly discussed.     

STUDY ON ANALYSIS METHOD OF “THREE BOX” IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER PROCESS OF RESERVOIR MEDIA

油藏多孔介质孔隙组成及结构变化多样,一些特性参数很难全部获得,精确描述和分析困难;另外,多孔介质内渗流过程水力条件和作用机理复杂,存在热流固耦合作用,目前的一些分析方法和研究模型具有一定的局限性.提出了油藏多孔介质的表征单元体（representative elementary volume,REV）描述表征方法;基于表征单元体建立了多孔介质的黑箱模型、灰箱模型和白箱模型,据此提出了多孔介质的“黑箱→灰箱→白箱”分析过程.基于黑箱模型和灰箱模型推导了REV导热系数计算公式、给出了REV热质传递过程的热平衡方程.结合中国油藏热采情况,对多孔介质导热系数变化规律和蒸汽驱热质传递特性进行了分析,得到了一些有意义的结果.该工作为多孔介质热质传递过程分析提供了新思路和新方法.