聚丙烯短微纤维增强水泥冲击特性研究

基于唐志平等提出的剪切波跟踪技术(SWT),对聚丙烯短微纤维增强水泥(FCEM)和素水泥(CEM)进行了冲击速度76～506m/s、倾斜角为10的斜撞击试验。研究结果表明,两种材料的Hugoniot冲击绝热线均有四个明显的临界点A、B、C、D,分别对应材料的Hugoniot弹性限、剪切卸载波(S-)消失、孔洞崩塌点和颗粒材料的再压缩点。其中临界点B,在过去的研究工作中尚未被揭示,只有采用剪切波跟踪技术对S-波进行跟踪测量,才能最终确定。对剪切强度的分析结果表明,采用剪切波,尤其是卸载剪切波来探测脆性材料内部动态损伤非常有效。     

HNS-Ⅳ炸药的点火增长模型

进行直径?10mm 的圆筒实验,根据冲击Hugoniot关系,拟合了HNS-Ⅳ炸药的未反应时的JWL 状态方程,并通过数值模拟确定了HNS-Ⅳ炸药爆轰产物JWL状态方程参数;测量炸药/窗口界面粒子速度 历程,结合数值模拟获得HNS-Ⅳ炸药的点火增长模型反应速率方程参数。研究表明,HNS-Ⅳ炸药点火增长 模型能够描述反应过程并与实验结果吻合较好。     

用VLW 状态方程计算水的冲击Hugoniot曲线

采用L-J(Lennard-Jones12-6)势函数,结合VLW 状态方程,计算了水的冲击压缩Hugoniot曲线。 将理论计算结果与实验结果进行了比较,当势函数参数/K=120、b0=30.42时,计算值与实验符合较好。与 采用BKW 状态方程计算结果相比,VLW 状态方程能够更准确地描述水的冲击Hugoniot曲线。     

激光干涉测速技术

在材料的高压状态方程和动力学特性研究中,经常利用冲击波加载。这类实验需要高精度测量自由面速度,两种不同材料的界面速度及各种不同材料的粒子速度等。目前,世界上已有几十台激光干涉仪用于冲击波物理的研究,成功地测量了飞片速度,自由面速度,波后粒子速度及界面速度等。     

磁驱动平面准等熵加载装置、实验技术及应用研究新进展

利用脉冲大电流装置产生随时间变化平滑上升的磁压力,实现对平面、柱面等不同结构样品的磁驱动准等熵（斜波）压缩,为极端条件下材料动力学研究提供了一种偏离Hugoniot状态热力学路径的加载手段。本文从磁驱动准等熵加载装置、实验技术、数据处理方法等方面综述了磁驱动准等熵加载技术研究近十年的新进展,评述了利用磁驱动准等熵加载技术和方法开展极端条件下材料高压状态方程、高压强度与本构关系、相变与相变动力学等方面研究的进展情况,展望了磁驱动准等熵加载技术发展及其在材料动力学、武器物理和高能量密度物理等方面的应用前景。     

JB-9014炸药超压爆轰产物的状态方程

根据P.K.Tang等提出的对炸药爆轰产物超压状态方程建模时只对JWL状态方程CJ等熵线中 高压指数项做修正的研究思路,首先给定超压状态下内能等熵线的修正项,再根据热力学定律对内能等熵线 求微分而得到沿压力等熵线的修正项。对JB-9014炸药超压爆轰冲击Hugoniot实验数据和声速实验数据同 时进行拟合,得到了3个JWL状态方程在超压爆轰状态下的修正项,并进行了分析与比较。得到超压修正项 的方法简单,3组超压修正项与P.K.Tang的修正项一样,都能很好地拟合超压Hugoniot数据。在实验数据 范围外,对超压状态下的声速-压力实验数据的拟合精度有所差别。     

有机玻璃中球形应力波传播的分析

基于球形发散波实验技术及圆环型电磁粒子速度测试技术,采用0.125 g TNT当量的微型炸药作为爆炸源,对填实爆炸下有机玻璃中球形波的传播规律进行了实验研究,并基于粒子速度波形进行了分析。结果表明:粒子速度峰值及粒子位移峰值符合指数衰减规律,粒子速度、位移峰值的衰减指数分别为1.34和1.28;负向粒子速度峰值随比距离的增加有先增大后减小的趋势;基于强间断假设得到的低压(小于1 GPa)下径向压力峰值-粒子速度峰值关系与一维应变下得到的σ-v Hugoniot曲线吻合较好;采用变模量模型假设,结合粒子速度数据反演的有机玻璃弹性模量E=(6.40±0.64)GPa、体积模量K=(7.12±0.71)GPa、剪切模量G=(2.37±0.24)GPa。     

不同状态方程对固体介质中斜激波反射的影响

相比气体,固体介质在高压下的状态方程更为复杂,形式也多种多样.现有关于固体介质中激波反射的理论研究,一般直接采用某种状态方程,缺乏对采用不同状态方程得到的结果的对比.本项工作采用激波极曲线的理论分析方法,选择4种不同组合形式的状态方程(一次冲击激波采用线性的冲击波速度与粒子速度关系式,二次冲击激波采用Gr(u|¨)neisen状态方程;一次冲击和二次冲击激波均采用冲击波速度与粒子速度关系式:一次冲击激波采用线性冲击波速度与粒子速度关系式,二次冲击激波采用刚性气体状态方程;以及一次冲击激波和二次冲击激波均采用刚性气体状态方程),研究固体介质中的斜激波反射,比较了采用不同组合形式的状态方程对反射激波波后压力的影响.利用量纲分析方法讨论了简化状态方程达到较高精度的条件.此外,用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件,对激波极曲线理论给出的结果进行了验证.本项工作可为固体介质中激波反射问题状态方程的选取提供一定的指导.     

爆轰产物组成和爆轰参数计算方法的理论研究

为实现爆轰产物组成和爆轰参数的计算,采用拉格朗日乘数法和牛顿迭代的方法预测爆轰产物组成,利用BKW状态方程预测爆轰参数,在0~600 GPa和300~15 000 K压力温度范围内选取金刚石作为碳的生成相;对爆轰产物系统采用最小自由能原理,结合牛顿迭代法求解爆轰产物的化学平衡方程组;对BKW状态方程参数提出修订,取α=0.5,β=0.298,θ=6 620,κ=9.50;采用自编程序实现计算过程。使用此方法和Hugoniot关系计算密度为1.77 g/cm3的PETN爆轰CJ点爆轰参数验证计算精度,结果显示计算与实验结果的误差均小于1%。利用此方法结合Hugoniot关系预测出爆轰CJ点的产物密度为2.43 g/cm3。     

TATB基钝感炸药JB-9014的冲击起爆反应增长规律

采用铝基组合式电磁粒子速度计技术，通过一维平面冲击实验研究了JB-9014炸药的冲击起爆反应增长规律，获得了11.33～14.18 GPa不同初始入射冲击压力下JB-9014炸药撞击界面及其内部不同深度处冲击前沿的波后粒子速度，进而得到粒子速度-时间波剖面图，并拟合得到未反应JB-9014炸药的Hugoniot关系。此外，根据冲击波跟踪器所测波形获得了不同冲击压力下的到爆轰时间及距离。     

Aspects of Passive Control of Structural Vibrations

A preliminary attempt to organize innovative strategies such as Base Isolation, Supplemental Energy Dissipation, Tuned Mass Damping and other combined approaches recently proposed by the authors, in a more general theory of Structural Control, is presented. To visualize the relationships between dynamic variables and subsystems, the block-diagram representations are used in order to obtain the regulation properties of the systems. It has been proven that the Base Isolation technique applies an open-loop control law and that Tuned Mass Damping and Supplemental Energy Dissipation realize closed-loop control laws. The block-diagram of the new combined strategy Base Isolation and Tuned Mass Damping is presented. The objectives of the regulating criteria are also discussed in order to shape the dynamic response in the frequency domain. The H ₂ and H methods are considered as optimal control algorithms.     

A thermodynamic approach with internal variables using Lagrange formalism. Part I: General framework

We present some reflections on the application of the Lagrangian formalism for continuous media locally uniform subjected to internal irreversible evolutions. The Lagrangian density, defined as the time derivative of a non-equilibrium thermodynamic potential, [Thermodynamics of Relaxation Processes using Internal variables within a Lagrange-formalism. P. Germain’s Anniversary Volume 2000. Contiuum Thermomechanics: the Art and Science of Modeling Matter’s Behaviour, 2000], contains all the symmetry properties of the system. The generalised Lagrange co-ordinates correspond to the state and internal variables of the time derivative of the generalised Gibbs potential. The latter being used within the framework of the De Donder’s method, must also account for the memory effect of the physical medium.This first part is devoted to the thermodynamic framework called the distribution of non-linear relaxations approach (DNLR) developed by C. Cunat on the basis of the generalised Gibbs’ relation.     

Acceleration Waves in Thermoelastic Beams

The laws governing the propagation, growth and decay of acceleration waves in directed models of elastic beams are deduced for materials with zero and non-zero heat flux, that is non-conductors and conductors of heat. The equations depend explicitly on the geometric and inertial characteristic of the beam section and on the mechanical properties of the material. Solutions are derived for the velocities of propagation and the evolution (amplitude variation) of each type of wave (extension, bending, shear, twist). Results are discussed and some numerical examples presented.     

矿井突水危险性评价模型

用数量化理论 (Ⅱ) 〔1〕研究了矿井突水危险性评价问题, 建立了一个实用的矿井突水危险性评价模型, 为煤矿安全评价开辟了一条新途径。     

Iterative algorithm for solutions to new system of generalized mixed implicit equilibrium

A new system of generalized mixed implicit equilibrium problems(SGMIEP) involving nonmonotone set-valued mappings is introduced and studied in real reflexive Banach spaces.First,an auxiliary mixed equilibrium problem(AMEP) is introduced.The existence and the uniqueness of the solutions to the AMEP are proved under quite mild assumptions without any coercive conditions.Next,by using the solution mapping of the AMEP,a system of generalized equation problems(SGEP) is considered,and its equivalence with the SGMIEP is shown.By using the SGEP,a new iterative algorithm for solving the SGMIEP is proposed and analyzed.The strong convergence of the iterative sequences generated by the algorithm is proved under suitable conditions.These results are new,which unify and generalize some recent results in this field.     

粒子图像测速技术研究进展

粒子图像测速技术(PIV)作为一种全新的无扰、瞬态、全场速度测量方法,在流体力学及空气动力学研究领域具有极高的学术意义和实用价值.本文对PIV技术的原理、分类作了简要地介绍,详细归纳和评述了现有的各种速度信息的提取方法,并对拓扑图论、神经网络、遗传算法、模糊聚类等新技术在PIV中的应用以及三维PIV技术、两相流PIV测试技术进行了介绍.指出当前PIV技术除了向三维和多相流方向发展外,如何提高PIV的测量精度以及缩短计算时间仍然是目前研究的主要目标.PIV技术随着计算机技术、激光技术和CCD性能的发展,必将取得更大的发展与突破      

一种岩石断裂韧度试样应力强度因子的三维边界元法标定

用三维边界元法(BEM)标定了一种岩石断裂韧度试样的柔度,求出了这种试样的平均无量纲应力强度因子(SIF),并得到了对应于最大载荷时的临界裂纹长度和平均无量纲SIF的最小值.     

On the interaction between two fixed spherical particles

The variation of the drag (C_D) and lift coefficients (C_L) of two fixed solid spherical particles placed at different positions relative each other is studied. Simulations are carried out for particle Reynolds numbers of 50, 100 and 200 and the particle position is defined by the angle between the line connecting the centers of the particles and the free-stream direction (α) and the separation distance (d₀) between the particles. The flow around the particles is simulated using two different methods; the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM), using two different computational codes, and a conventional finite difference approach, where the Volume of Solid Method (VOS) is used to represent the particles. Comparisons with available numerical and experimental data show that both methods can be used to accurately resolve the flow field around particles and calculate the forces the particles are subjected to. Independent of the Reynolds number, the largest change in drag, as compared to the single particle case, occurs for particles placed in tandem formation. Compared to a single particle, the drag reduction for the secondary particle in tandem arrangement is as high as 60%, 70% and 80% for Re = 50, 100 and 200, respectively. The development of the recirculation zone is found to have a significant influence on the drag force. Depending on the flow situation in-between the particles for various particle arrangements, attraction and repulsion forces are detected due to low and high pressure regions, respectively. The results show that the inter-particle forces are not negligible even under very dilute conditions.     

Stability analysis method considering non-parallelism: EPSE method and its application

The e-N method is widely used in transition prediction. The amplitude growth rate used in the e-N method is usually provided by the linear stability theory (LST) based on the local parallel hypothesis. Considering the non-parallelism effect, the parabolized stability equation (PSE) method lacks local characteristic of stability analysis. In this paper, a local stability analysis method considering non-parallelism is proposed, termed as EPSE since it may be considered as an expansion of the PSE method. The EPSE considers variation of the shape function in the streamwise direction. Its local characteristic is convenient for stability analysis. This paper uses the EPSE in a strong non-parallel flow and mode exchange problem. The results agree well with the PSE and the direct numerical simulation (DNS). In addition, it is found that the growth rate is related to the normalized method in the non-parallel flow. Different results can be obtained using different normalized methods. Therefore, the normalized method must be consistent.     

Experimental Results of a Damage Detection Methodology using Variations in Modal Parameters

The present paper reports the results obtained by a methodology of damage detection in which combined EMA and FEM data are used to localise the damage on mechanical components. The utilized method uses the eigenvalues and eigenvectors obtained from FE modelling, compared with the eigenvalues obtained experimentally on damaged specimens. The method assumes a linear behaviour of the materials. Firstly it is applied to rectangular plates in order to test its reliability in discovering the damage located on very simply shaped specimens that are made of homogeneous and isotropic material. The methodology was subsequently applied to mechanical components of complex shape, allowing the location of the damage to be accurately identified.