3D复合材料中脱层的屈曲和后屈曲分析

利用ｖｏｎ Ｋａｒｍａｎ非线性薄板理论，借助Ｔａｙｌｏｒ级数展开方法，求解了３Ｄ复合材料中圆形薄膜脱层的屈曲和后屈曲问题，其中着重分析了横向纤维搭桥约束作用对脱层屈曲性能的影响。大量的计算和分析发现，与无搭桥脱层的特征不同，纤维搭桥不仅起到了抑制脱层演化发展的作用，而且也会导致脱层屈曲模态的突变，从而大大改善了结构性能，提高了结构的剩余强度和使用寿命。     

脱层梁屈曲的高阶剪切理论

脱层的存在将会大大降低层合结构的屈曲载荷。该文将含任意位置脱层的两端固支梁分成多段子层,用厚度的三次多项式模拟脱层梁屈曲时子层的轴向位移,利用变分原理和欧拉方程导出了脱层梁的屈曲方程和定解条件,并用状态空间方法进行求解。通过与一阶剪切理论和经典理论的比较,指出了它们各自的适用范围;考虑了脱层梁三种不同的屈曲模态。分析了脱层长度、深度、位置和材料的铺层方向对脱层梁屈曲载荷的影响;最后给出了多处简单脱层的屈曲分析。     

脱层屈曲的高阶摄动解

本文用摄动法求解了三维复合材料中有纤维搭桥的圆形脱层的屈曲问题。搭桥纤维被简化为连续分布于脱层面上的线性弹簧。用Taylor级数展开法确定了每一级摄动方程用Bessel函数表达的解析解．给出了脱层屈曲临界载荷、挠度曲线与脱层半径、搭桥因子等的封闭关系式。根据这一结果并考虑脱层只能向一个方向挠曲的约束条件，可以进一步探讨脱层屈曲的特征。     

圆形脱层的轴对称屈曲及扩展分析

利用高阶摄动结合打靶法，分析了固支圆板在均匀径向力作用下的轴对称屈曲和过屈曲，所得结果与文（６）的ＦＥＭ结构吻合得很好，应用于薄膜－基底结构，研究了受压薄膜脱层的屈曲、扩展问题，得到了在一定的残余压应力作用下，脱层屈曲的临界尺寸Ｒｃ和扩展尺寸Ｒｇ。     

具脱层的正交铺设圆柱壳的初始后屈曲分析

基于非线性弹性理论,建立了含脱层正交铺设圆柱壳的后屈曲控制方程,应用Koiter初始后屈曲理论和小参数摄动法,导出了系统的一阶和二阶摄动控制方程,以及相应的边界条件、位移连续条件和力平衡条件,然后逐阶求解．算例中,讨论了不同脱层深度和长度对脱层复合材料圆柱壳屈曲和初始后屈曲特性的影响,并与已有文献进行了比较．     

含内埋圆形或椭圆形脱层复合材料层合板的屈曲分析

用瑞里-李兹方法来建立含内埋圆形或椭圆形脱层板的屈曲分析模型．首先利用Heaviside阶梯函数，假定一种适合于脱层板的位移模式．然后由变分原理并进行线性化得出了含内埋圆形或椭圆形脱层板的屈曲特征方程．最后通过将含表面脱层的各向同性和各向异性板的屈曲载荷与其它文献进行比较，验证了该文分析方法的正确性，并分析了含内埋圆形或椭圆形脱层的各向同性、正交各向异性和角铺层层合板各种参数对屈曲载荷的影响．     

复杂载荷下复合材料对称层合板的椭圆形分层屈曲

应用Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ－Ｒｉｔｚ法对含有单个椭圆形分层的复合材料对称层板在压剪载荷联合作用下的脱层屈曲问题进行了分析计算。给出相应于不同的椭圆长短半轴之比ａ／ｂ值下及不同椭回主轴的偏角时，脱层屈曲的临界应变值。此计算考虑了层板的拉伸剪切藕合刚度影响及子层本身弯曲－扭转耦合刚度，和拉伸－弯曲耦合刚度的影响，给出有工程参考价值的计算结果。     

带脱层的复合材料层板屈曲分析中的接触问题

用基于Mindlin板理论的有限元方法进行了带脱层损伤复合材料层板的屈曲载荷分析．为了处理在屈曲模态中上下脱层之间的接触问题，我们提出了一种有效的算法．在这种算法中，首先用一阶灵敏度分析和二次规划方法相结合的选代算法算出接触区域的虚拟力，然后将这种虚拟力转化成一些假想弹簧的刚度系数，并对原始刚度矩阵进行修正．数值算例表明本算法可以有效地克服屈曲模态中上下脱层之间的相互贯穿．同时，还对脱层的大小，形状和位置对屈曲载荷的影响进行了研究．     

有限厚压电层表面金属电极脱层的屈曲研究

基于弹性有限变形理论和压电弹性体偏场理论,对上、下表面有金属电极的压电材料板内存在穿透脱层的屈曲问题进行了分析.采用平面应变模型,远处作用有均匀压应变载荷.用Fourier积分变换,界面连续条件和上、下电极表面的边界条件将问题归为第二类Cauchy型奇异积分方程组.利用Gauss-Chebyshev积分公式将该方程组变为一齐次线性代数方程组,以确定脱层屈曲载荷.算例给出了中间层为PZT-4,上、下电极为Pt的结构在不同脱层长厚比时的临界应变及相应屈曲形状.同时分析了压电层的机电耦合效应对临界应变的影响.     

压电体表面金属电极脱层的屈曲分析

基于弹性有限变形理论和电弹性体偏场理论,对半无限压电体及其表面电极层间存在穿透脱层的屈曲问题进行了分析. 采用平面应变模型,在脱层远处作用有平行于脱层的应变载荷. 使用Fourier积分变换,应用脱层界面的连续条件和电极表面的边界条件将问题归为第2类Cauchy型奇异积分方程组. 利用Gauss-Chebyshev积分公式将奇异积分方程组变为齐次线性代数方程组,以确定临界应变载荷. 通过数值算例,给出了底层为PZT-4材料、电极为金属Pt在不同的脱层长厚比时的临界应变载荷和屈曲形状,分析了压电体的压电、介电效应对屈曲载荷的影响. 另外给出了脱层屈曲时,脱层尖端奇异性振荡因子随不同脱层长厚比的关系曲线.      

含内埋矩形脱层复合材料圆柱壳屈曲分析的混合变量条形传递函数方法

提出了一种分析含内埋矩形脱层正交各向异性圆柱壳稳定性问题的混合变量条形传递函数方法。首先基于Mindlin一阶剪切壳理论，通过定义圆柱壳的广义力变量和混合变量，建立了壳的改进混合变量能量泛函；然后，为了便于脱层壳的分区求解，通过引入条形单元，创建了基于混合变量条形传递函数解的含脱层和不合脱层两种超级壳单元；在此基础上，将含内埋矩形脱层的复合材料层合壳划分成两种超级壳单元的组合体，通过各超级壳单元相互之间连接结点处的位移连续和力平衡条件得到脱层壳的屈曲方程；最后由屈曲方程计算含内埋矩形脱层壳的屈曲载荷和屈曲模态。算例分析的结果验证了本方法的正确性，并给出了几种因素对屈曲载荷和屈曲模态的影响。     

Postbuckling behaviors of open section composite struts with edge delamination using a layerwise theory

We investigate the mechanical stability of L-section and T-section composite struts with single edge delamination. We propose a solution procedure based on a layerwise theory and the first order shear deformation theory by taking into consideration of the von Karman geometrical nonlinearity. We derive the nonlinear equilibrium equations according to the minimum total potential energy principle, and solve them using Rayleigh–Ritz method and Newton–Raphson method. In modeling the delaminated L-section and T-section struts, we divide the structures into regions, and exert continuity conditions between different regions. The proposed model is capable of analyzing both local buckling of the base laminate and sublaminate as well as the global buckling of the whole structure. We present numerical results to provide an insight into effects of size of delamination on buckling mode and post-buckling behaviors of the struts. We perform the three-dimensional finite element analysis using the ABAQUS commercial software. The results show a very good agreement with those obtained by the analytical method. The results indicate that the presence of delaminations not only reduces the load-carrying capacity of open section struts remarkably, but also plays a pivotal role in the critical buckling load and buckling mode shape of the struts.     

Buckling analysis of two layer delaminated beams with bridging

Stitching has been used as through-thickness reinforcement to reduce the effects of delamination. In stitching, the delamination will be held by stitches in the form of crack/interface bridging. In the present work, the reinforcement of stitching threads is assumed to provide continuous linear restoring tractions opposing the delamination opening. A generalized mathematical model is developed to study the buckling analysis of two layer delaminated beams with bridging by using Rayleigh–Ritz energy method. The delaminated beam is analyzed as four interconnected beams using the delamination as their boundary. Lagrange multipliers are used to enforce the boundary and continuity conditions between the junctions of the interconnected beams. The developed mathematical model is solved as an eigenvalue problem in which the lowest eigenvalue gives the buckling load. Effective-bridging modulus, a new nondimensionalized parameter, is introduced to study the influence of bridging on the delamination buckling. It is shown that bridging strongly influences the buckling load of the delaminated beams and a monotonic relation is observed between the buckling load and the effective-bridging modulus. Parametric studies in terms of delamination sizes and locations along spanwise and thicknesswise positions on the buckling load have been carried out. The bridging is found to be effective for shallow delaminations of moderate length, and for deep and long delaminations. Spanwise positions of delamination strongly influence the buckling loads. In addition, an analytical model for obtaining upper bounds of the buckling load is developed by using Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. Effective-slenderness ratio, a new nondimensionalized parameter is defined and it is found to be controlling the buckling mode configurations, i.e., local, global and mixed modes.     

受弯脱层层板的局部失稳临界载荷的有限元分析

含脱层的复合材料层板承受弯曲载荷作用会产生跳跃失稳，还常常引起脱层扩展，从而导致结构失效。本文用基于一阶剪切层板理论的几何非线性有限单元法分析了受弯曲曲载荷作用下含脱层板的人稳的临界载荷。本文指出分叉失稳产生了跳跃失稳，而该跳跃失稳与浅圆拱或薄圆柱壳受向心压力作用下的跳跌 同，在整体平衡路径上没有一个极限点。本文对临界载计算结果比使用能量准则的结果要小，文中给出了原因。     

Localized buckling in sandwich struts with pre-existing delaminations and geometrical imperfections

A recent model for the nonlinear structural response of compression sandwich struts is developed further to account for pre-existing face-core delaminations and initial imperfections in the strut geometry. Whilst the pre-existing delaminations only take effect after the critical bifurcation for overall (Euler) buckling, it is found that the secondary instability associated with localized buckling occurs earlier than for the initially perfectly bonded strut. More severe instabilities can also be promoted by superimposing geometric imperfections. In combination with delamination, the practical structural response can be highly unstable.     

Two-dimensional analyses of delamination buckling of symmetrically cross-ply rectangular laminates

The conventional approach to analysis the buckling of rectangular laminates containing an embedded delamination subjected to the in-plane loading is to simplify the laminate as a beam-plate from which the predicted buckling load decreases as the length of the laminate increases. Two-dimensional analyses are employed in this paper by extending the one-dimensional model to take into consideration of the influence of the delamination width on the buckling performance of the laminates. The laminate is simply supported containing a through width delamination. A new parameter β defined as the ratio of delamination length to delamination width is introduced with an emphasis on the influence of the delamination size. It is found that (i) when the ratio β is greater than one snap-through buckling prevails, the buckling load is determined by the delamination size and depth only; (ii) as the ratio β continues to increase, the buckling load will approach to a constant value. Solutions are verified with the well established results and are found in good agreement with the latter.     

Nonlinear delamination buckling and expansion of functionally graded laminated piezoelectric composite shells

In this paper, an analytical method is presented to investigate the nonlinear buckling and expansion behaviors of local delaminations near the surface of functionally graded laminated piezoelectric composite shells subjected to the thermal, electrical and mechanical loads, where the mid-plane nonlinear geometrical relation of delaminations is considered. In examples, the effects of thermal loading, electric field strength, the stacking patterns of functionally graded laminated piezoelectric composite shells and the patterns of delaminations on the critical axial loading of locally delaminated buckling are described and discussed. Finally, the possible growth directions of local buckling for delaminated sub-shells are described by calculating the expanding forces along the length and short axis of the delaminated sub-shells.