多边形截面薄壁管撕裂卷曲吸能研究

对薄壁管在准静态载荷下的卷曲撕裂进行了理论分析,并采用显示有限元方法进行了数值模拟。通过分析薄壁管的撕裂能、塑性变形能和摩擦能,讨论了冲头的锥形角、壁厚以及边数等因素对结构吸能的影响。     

冲击作用下刚塑性拱的大变形响应分析

本文对受集中冲击作用的深圆拱的刚塑性动力响应进行了理论分析和数值计算，用瞬时构形法得到了问题的全程解，提出发生反向弯曲的必要条件和反向弯曲变形的近似分析方法，确定了反向弯曲出现的临界冲击速度范围，并讨论质量比，能量比和支承条件对结构的响应时间，塑性形区域和最变形的影响。本文理论分析结果与实验数据吻合。     

泡沫铝在SHPB高温动态下的变形过程研究

利用分离式Hopkinson压杆(SHPB)实验装置研究轻质泡沫铝在动态压缩下的温度相关性,重点设计了一种基于SHPB的可视化高温炉,在此基础上通过高速摄影观测泡沫铝试件在高低温且动态压缩下的变形过程。动态加载下的实验结果表明：常温下,胞壁在变形过程中易于观察到屈曲失稳、撕裂、弯曲等现象,且在压缩的过程中碎片飞溅;高温下材料软化较明显,呈现出更多的塑性弯曲现象,但是屈曲失稳与撕裂的现象并不显著,变形过程中并无碎片产生。     

金属板条在圆柱形模中弯曲成形的大变形有限元分析

本文采用大变形弹塑性有限元法对金属板条在柱形模中的压弯成形过程进行了数值模拟，并与实验进行了比较，首先给出了纠正的拉格朗日有限元公式和基于弹塑性乘法分解的超弹性塑性本构关系。对接触摩擦问题的处理采用了罚函数法。通过对数值结果的分析得出了些对弯曲工艺的设计有指导价值的结论。     

内爆炸载荷下泡沫铝夹芯圆管塑性动力响应及能量耗散机理

通过实验、理论和数值模拟研究泡沫铝夹芯空心圆管在内爆载荷作用下的动态变形模式及吸能机制.采用不同质量的球形乳化炸药进行爆炸试验.结构轴向变形分为3个区:大塑性变形区、绕塑性铰的刚性旋转区和无变形区.在考虑环向膜力和轴向弯矩的情况下,提出内爆作用下夹芯圆管动态响应的显式计算方法.通过建立基于三维Voronoi算法的泡沫芯有限元模型,探索结构能量耗散机制.通过实验观测到的泡沫铝夹芯空心圆管在内爆载荷作用下的变形机制,结合内外管的弯曲变形及芯层压缩,给出了结构在响应过程中能量吸收的理论解.以结构比吸能和外管中心挠度为控制参量求得夹芯圆管的最优解集.进一步研究炸药质量、内外管直径、壁厚及芯层轴向梯度排列方式对结构动态变形模式和吸能机制的影响.结果表明:内管壁厚对外管中心线的挠度影响较大,而芯层厚度和外管壁厚的影响较小;如果夹芯圆管的轴向梯度结构从管轴向对称面到两端边缘呈对称递减分布时,具有较好的抗爆性;数值计算和实验测试结果均与理论预测吻合.     

超塑性恒压充模胀形过程各力学量场的影响因素及影响规律

采用刚粘塑性有限元法模拟了超塑性恒压充模胀形过程，分析了应变速率敏感性指数ｍ、厚向异性系数Ｒ、初始板厚、界面摩擦等因素对应力、应变和应变速率等力学量场的影响；通过对铝合金ＬＹ１２ＣＺ板料的相应实验对模拟结果进行了验证     

金属板条在圆柱形模中弯曲成形的大变形有限元分析

本文采用大变形弹塑性有限元法对金属板条在柱形模中的压弯成形过程进行了数值模拟,并与实验进行了比较。首先给出了纠正的拉格朗日有限元公式和基于弹塑性乘法分解的超弹性塑性本构关系。对接触摩擦问题的处理采用了罚函数法。通过对数值结果的分析得出了一些对弯曲工艺的设计有指导价值的结论。     

内部爆炸薄圆板的变形及有效载荷

为了研究内爆炸薄圆板的失效与作用载荷特性，在双圆筒装置内开展了铝质、钢质薄圆板内爆炸实验，分析了圆板破坏模式及比冲量载荷特性，并基于相同变形下载荷相等原理，得到了钢质圆板极限变形下的有效比冲量及作用时间，提出了该工况下圆板变形的预估模型。结果表明:在内爆炸载荷作用下，薄圆板的夹持边界和几何中心是应力集中区，产生了塑性大变形、拉伸撕裂、剪切断裂3种破坏模式；圆板的比冲量载荷由初始的波浪式增长逐渐转化为线性增长，30～80 g某温压装药使1 mm厚钢质圆板产生极限变形的有效比冲量作用时间在2.26～2.93 ms之间，经验证，圆钢板变形预估模型得到的装药质量与实验装药质量偏差小于13.3%。     

三种典型船舶轴承复合材料的物理性能对摩擦学行为的影响研究

船舶轴承内衬复合材料的摩擦磨损往往伴随微纳接触界面材料的拉伸、撕裂、剥落和温升等物理行为,其物理性能对其摩擦学性能有重要影响.本文中检测了三种典型船舶轴承复合材料(塑料聚合物、赛龙合成橡胶和铁犁木材料)的拉伸强度、撕裂强度、热变形温度和亲水性,通过在RTEC多功能摩擦磨损试验机上考察了三种材料的摩擦磨损行为,并用激光共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)和扫描电镜(SEM)观察了试样磨损形貌,讨论了三种复合材料的典型物理性能对其摩擦磨损行为的影响规律.结果表明:良好的撕裂强度和拉伸强度、较高的热变形温度使得赛龙材料具有良好的耐磨损性能;具有优异亲水性的铁犁木材料在水润滑条件下具有极低的初始滑动摩擦系数.研究结果可为选择和设计船舶轴承复合材料摩擦配副提供指导依据.     

光学读出微梁阵列红外成像性能分析与优化

系统响应率是光学读出微梁焦平面阵列(Focal Plane Array,FPA)红外成像的关键性能参数。在刀口滤波光学读出技术中,系统响应率的主要组成部分——光学读出灵敏度与微梁反光板的长度密切相关,并受到反光板弯曲变形的严重影响。由于残余应力在制作过程中不可避免地存在,微梁反光板都有弯曲变形,膜厚相同的反光板具有相同的变形曲率半径。本文利用傅里叶光学分析了反光板长度和弯曲变形对光学读出灵敏度的影响,构建并实验验证光学读出灵敏度理论模型。根据该模型,分析了系统响应率与反光板长度之间关系,理论分析与实验结果相符。结果表明,通过减薄SiNx厚度并使反光板处于该厚度下的最优长度,不仅能提高红外成像的系统响应率,而且能同时提高红外成像的空间分辨率。     

Ductile tearing energy of sheet metals determined by the multiple tensile testing (MTT) method

Tearing energy of aluminium, copper and brass sheets, having different mechanical characteristics, has been studied by the multiple tensile testing (MTT) method. In this method, different test pieces of various gage lengths were employed. The total energy required to tear the specimens was assumed to be composed of two components; one associated with uniform plastic deformation, which occurs in the work-hardening range of the material, and the other with post-uniform deformation and tearing which leads to the failure of the specimens. Tearing energy was calculated by plotting the total energy divided by the specimen cross-sectional area against the gage length of the specimens. In this plot, a straight line is obtained, the intercept of which gives the value of tearing energy. The results have been analyzed on the basis of the mechanical characteristics of the materials.     

弧形折纸模式薄壁结构的压缩变形与能量吸收

选用PolyMaxTM PLA为试样材料，利用3D打印技术制备了弧形折纸薄壁管件。基于准静态轴向压缩实验，运用ABAQUS软件对弧形折纸薄壁管件轴向准静态压缩和冲击行为进行了有限元计算，探讨了其变形模式和能量吸收特性，分析了预折角和薄壁单胞管件阵列数量对其压溃模式及能量吸收的影响。有限元计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。薄壁管件的变形过程可分为4个阶段:初始压溃阶段、预折角塑性旋转阶段、腹板塑性屈曲阶段和完全压溃密实化阶段。弧形折痕的引入能够有效地降低薄壁管件在压缩过程中的初始压溃载荷峰值，减小冲击载荷的振荡幅值。对比了高度相等、质量近似相等的方管与弧形折纸薄壁管在不同冲击速度下的压缩变形与能量吸收。在准静态压缩作用下，对于单胞模型，仅有折痕倾角为70°的模型的比吸能优于方管；对于多胞管件阵列模型，方管的比吸能均优于折纸管。折纸管的压缩力效率和比总体效率均优于方管，其中折痕倾角为50°的模型的压缩力效率和比总体效率最高。在动态冲击压缩下，阵列方管的比吸能均优于阵列折纸管。当冲击速度为10 m/s时，折纸管的压缩力效率和比总体效率均优于方管，其中折痕倾角为50°的模型的压缩力效率和比总体效率最高。当冲击速度为20 m/s时，仅有折痕倾角为50°的模型的压缩力效率和比总体效率优于方管。     

内爆炸载荷下梯度泡沫铝夹芯管的动态响应

基于3D-Voronoi技术构建了泡沫铝芯层的三维细观有限元模型，对梯度泡沫铝夹芯管在内爆炸载荷下的动态响应进行了数值模拟。分析讨论了夹芯管结构内外管的壁厚、泡沫芯层的相对密度、芯层梯度分布等参数对夹芯管结构的抗爆性能与吸能性能的影响，并与无芯层的双层圆管进行了对比。结果表明:泡沫材料的相对密度可通过改变泡沫胞元大小和胞元壁厚进行调控，利用两种方式构建的夹芯管计算结果一致；保持内、外圆管总质量不变，增大内管壁厚可以有效减小外管的塑性变形，但会影响泡沫芯层的能量耗散；泡沫芯层的填充可以有效降低内管的塑性变形，正梯度泡沫铝夹芯管的抗爆性能优于均匀泡沫及负梯度泡沫夹芯管。     

引入Sierpinski层级特性的新型薄壁多胞管轴向冲击吸能特性

为提高薄壁结构的吸能能力，基于Sierpinski分形结构提出了一种具有层级特性的新型薄壁管，即Sierpinski层级管（Sierpinski hierarchical tube, SHT）。采用非线性有限元法对SHTs在轴向冲击载荷作用下的变形模式和能量吸收特性进行了数值分析，并与普通三角形薄壁管在轴向冲击载荷作用下的变形模式和能量吸收特性进行了对比。结果表明:SHTs的变形模式为轴对称渐进屈曲模式，在薄壁管中引入Sierpinski层级特性后，胞壁弯曲过程的半折叠波长减小，促使压缩过程中形成更多的塑性折叠单元，有利于提高薄壁结构能量吸收能力。进一步基于能量守恒理论和塑性铰理论对SHTs的轴向压缩应力进行理论求解，并通过有限元数值模拟验证其准确性。在相同的相对密度下，一阶、二阶及三阶SHTs的动态压缩应力较普通三角形薄壁管的动态压缩应力提高了85.8%、138.2%和183.8%。将Sierpinski层级特性引入薄壁管的设计中，能够有效提高薄壁管的耐撞性能。     

利用金属塑性变形原理的碰撞能量吸收装置

1.引言在现代世界上,各种车辆、船舶、飞行器的数量越来越多,速度越来越快,碰撞事故也随之日益增加,每年都要造成严重的生命和财产损失。因此,近20多年来,碰撞问题已引起许多国家的严重关注。解决这个问题的主要途径,是研究与提高各种车辆、船舶、飞行器结构的耐撞性(structural crashworthiness),参见[1—4]。同时,在某些特定的工况(例如飞行器的紧急着陆,核电站和高速公路旁重要设施的防护等等)下,已有结构难以满足吸      

Strain energy density approach to stable crack extension under net section yielding of aircraft fuselage

In this paper, the incremental theory of plasticity is used in conjunction with the strain energy density criterion to determine the stress field in 4-in. wide test specimens containing 3 holes. These specimens, made from 0.04-in. thick sheets of 2024-T3 aluminum, also contained small collinear cracks emanating from the holes. The initial crack sizes varied from 0.15 to 0.26 in. Residual strength tests conducted with these specimens revealed that stable tearing occurred before failure. Analyses were performed to predict the stable crack extension and failure by plastic collapsed. Because of the complexities involved with nonlinear stress analysis combined with subcritical crack extension, the finite element method was used with the grid pattern adjusted for each increment of stable tearing. Reasonable correlation between the experimental data and predicted results was achieved.     

裂纹面摩擦接触引起的断裂韧性增长的研究

采用弹黏塑性的材料本构关系, 建立了压、剪混合型裂纹常速准静 态扩展的力学模型, 求得了裂纹面摩擦接触条件下裂纹尖端场的数值解, 并基于数 值结果讨论了扩展裂纹的摩擦效应. 计算和分析表明, 裂纹面的摩擦效应主要表现 在两个方面. 第一方面是摩擦会导致裂纹尖端区材料的断裂韧性增高, 并且裂纹面间的摩擦作用越强, 增韧效果越显著. 摩擦增韧的机制可以解释为裂纹 面间的摩擦作用导致裂纹尖端塑性区尺寸变大, 使裂纹尖端场的塑性变形能增加, 从而使得裂纹尖端区材料增韧. 摩擦生热并不是导致材料断裂韧性增长的根本机制. 第二方面是摩擦会导致``断裂延缓'. 利用裂纹面的摩擦来提高构件的承载能力和延长构件的服役寿命具有较大的工程实用价值.     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECTION STEEL-STEEL PLATE CONCRETE COMPOSITE WALL1)

提出一种型钢-钢板混凝土组合墙,为了研究其抗震性能,设计制作该形式的型钢-钢板混凝土组合墙进行拟静力试验。通过改变试件的轴压比、剪跨比,研究其在低周往复载荷作用下的受力机理、滞回性能、刚度退化及耗能能力等。试验结果表明：试件的破坏形态为压弯破坏,组合墙两端方钢管正面及侧面发生撕裂,两侧底部钢板屈曲严重,混凝土压溃;随着轴压比减小,试件具有更好的塑性变形能力和耗能能力,剪跨比对组合墙的抗震性能影响较小。     

Experimental studies on thin-walled grooved tubes under axial compression

We study experimentally the axial crushing behavior and crashworthiness characteristics of thin-walled steel tubes containing annular grooves. The grooves determine the positions of the folds and control the buckling mode of deformation. In the present work we aim to improve the uniformity of the load-displacement behavior and to predict the energy absorption capacity of the tubes. Grooves are cut circumferentially and alternately inside and outside the tubes at predetermined intervals. Quasi-static axial crushing tests are performed with different groove distances. Photographs are taken during axial buckling and the specimens after crushing are sectioned axially to carry out the measurements. The deformation modes and load-displacement curves are described and energy absorption and mean post-buckling load are determined. The convolutions are achieved by folding in an axisymmetric concertina mode about the circumferential grooves. The results show that the load-displacement curve and energy absorbed by the axial crushing of tubes can be controlled by the introduction of grooves with different distances.     

Wavy-edged fractures in axially split aluminium tubes

This paper is motivated by the somewhat unusual need to gain insight into the phenomenology of the mechanism by which a wavy edge is formed on the wreckage of some aircraft fuselage skins associated with aircraft destroyed in flight by on-board explosion.In order to explore the role of the plastic zone adjacent to the crack tip whilst avoiding the practical complications of generating the fractures explosively, simple quasi-static experiments have been carried out on aluminium tubes. Oversized rigid dies were pushed inside the tubes along their axes to generate fractures in Mode I and Mode III. It is conjectured that wavy edges are associated with fractures resulting from internal expansion of the tube by a travelling, internal, radial ring pressure region. The pressurised region behind the crack tip would be produced by explosively generated internal pressure being vented at the crack and, for the purpose of this study, is considered to be equivalent to that generated by the die. The production of such cracks is clearly demonstrated experimentally and contrasted with the plain-edge fractures produces during Mode III tearing fracture.A damage-model-based finite element analysis has been conducted to simulate the propagation of the crack and provide further insight into the strain and stress fields along the fractured edges. Both the experimental and numerical results show that this particular type of ring loading has to be applied to the tube to produce the wavy edge. Such a load expands the fractured flaps in the radial direction, stretching the material in the circumferential direction and, crucially, in the axial direction. The latter generates a relatively wide plastic wake close to and parallel to the fracture edge as the tube fails within which axial plastic strain predominates. Constrained by the remaining part of the tube that has not undergone plastic deformation, sufficient axial residual compressive stress can be produced in the plastic wake to produce a wavy edge which results from local buckling in the plastic wake. This mechanism suggests that ripples observed on the edges of fuselage skin wreckage are possible signatures of an internal explosion. The work described herein is also relevant to the deformation in a failed high-pressure gas pipe following the propagation of a ductile crack as noted previously in the literature.