基于互补理论和扩展有限元法的摩擦接触裂纹应力强度因子计算

从虚功方程出发，结合扩展有限元离散技术与接触条件的非线性互补表述，建立了摩擦接触裂纹问题的扩展有限元非线性互补模型，将不等式接触条件转化为非线性互补类的非光滑方程组，并采用基于广义导数的非光滑阻尼牛顿法求解方程组，无需引入任何额外人工变量以及迭代求解。以含中心倾斜裂纹平板和边裂纹平板为例，运用相互作用积分法计算摩擦接触裂纹的应力强度因子，将其结果与理论解进行对比分析，该方法都能给出精确的计算结果；基于扩展有限元方法对单轴压缩作用下倾斜裂纹扩展过程进行了数值模拟，计算结果表明，受压裂纹数值结果与实验结果比较吻合，从而验证了本文方法的有效性与正确性。     

非光滑方程组方法在求解非匹配网格接触问题中的应用

将非光滑方程组方法与Mortar StS接触模型(Mortar Segment-to-Segment)相结合,来求解接触面网格非匹配时的弹性接触问题.其中,非光滑方程组方法是求解弹性摩擦接触问题的有效方法,具有精确满足接触条件、迭代算法收敛性有理论保证的优点,但目前仅用于求解网格匹配的接触问题.Mortar StS接触模型可以较为方便地处理网格非匹配接触问题,其特点是不引入过多约束,满足接触分片检验条件,但目前大都采用“试验-误差”迭代方法求解控制方程,对于复杂接触问题,其收敛性不易保证.因此,将二者结合来处理网格非匹配接触问题,既可以提高求解精度,又能使得算法的收敛性得到理论保证.数值算例对接触分片检验和算法的计算精度进行了验证.     

三维接触问题的非光滑算法

给出了一种非光滑算法直接用于求解三维摩擦接触问题的不可微非线性互补模型,不再对模型进行光滑化处理,使算法更加简单。文中对非光滑算法的收敛性给出了严格的数学证明,数值实验表明该算法列式简单,但与光滑化算法同样有效。     

弹塑性接触问题神经网络计算模型

利用神经网络优化计算原理,引入LPNN(Lagrange Programming Neural Network)模型求解弹塑性摩擦接触问题,提高了神经网络计算精度。通过采用非线性函数作为神经元的传递函数,使神经网络的非线性问题同力学的非线性问题得到统一。最后对两个简单的弹塑性接触问题进行了数值仿真,验证了算法可行有效。     

一类带单侧约束力学问题的变分方法

力学中许多问题如弹塑性问题，弹塑性接触问题、塑性耦合问题，渗流问题等，其约束条件或者边界形态是无法预知的，只能用一组不等式表示，属于非线性问题，经典的变人原理在求解此类问题时只能采取繁琐的迭代过程。     

非线性振动系统的多项式向量方法

对于常微分方程描述的非线性振动系统,当采用摄动方法求近似解时,先是给出满足各阶近似解的二阶常微分方程组,继而依次对每一个常微分方程进行求解,以致多自由度非线性振动系统的求解过程相当繁琐.文章针对常微分方程表示的非线性振动系统,提出了一种求解非线性振动系统近似解的多项式向量方法,该方法将二阶常微分方程组表示成一阶状态方程组,将非线性部分写成常数矩阵和多项式向量之积的形式.然后,采用直接摄动方法,获得每个幂次近似解所满足的一组状态方程,此时状态方程的非线性部分成为常数矩阵和前一幂次近似解作为元素组成的多项式向量的乘积.进一步,借助Toeplitz矩阵将多项式向量之乘法表示成矩阵形式,以解决多项式相乘带来的幂次方系数的确定问题,再根据一阶非齐次方程组的求解方法,获得状态方程组的全部近似解析解.多项式向量方法将二阶常微分描述的非线性振动求解过程转换为一阶非齐次状态方程组的求解问题,计算过程主要是矩阵和向量之间乘法运算,提高了计算效率和程序化水平.     

一种求解局部非线性结构稳态响应的方法

为了降低求解局部非线性结构稳态响应的计算量,基于子结构和阻抗缩聚提出了一种用于求解局部非线性结构稳态响应的计算方法.将局部非线性结构分解为线性子结构和非线性子结构,利用谐波平衡构造各个子结构的阻抗方程,对线性子结构进行缩聚,将局部非线性动力学方程转化为求解一组非线性代数方程组问题,通过迭代求解非线性代数方程组,求解系统的稳态响应.     

摩擦接触问题的比例边界等几何B可微方程组方法

摩擦接触问题是计算力学领域最具挑战性的问题之一,接触系统的泛函具有非线性、非光滑的特点,导致接触算法的收敛性与精确性难以保证.因此将比例边界等几何分析(scaled boundary isogeometric analysis,SBIGA)与B可微方程组(B differential equation,BDE)相结合,提出了求解二维摩擦接触问题的比例边界等几何B可微方程组方法.在比例边界等几何坐标变换的基础上,通过虚功原理推导了关于边界控制点变量的接触平衡方程,表示成B可微方程组形式的接触条件可被严格满足,求解B可微方程组的算法的收敛性有理论保证.此比例边界等几何B可微方程组方法 (SBIGA-BDE)只需在接触体边界进行等几何离散,使问题降低一维,能精确描述接触边界,并可通过节点插入算法进行真实接触区域的识别.此外,由于几何建模和数值分析使用相同的基函数,节约了划分网格的时间.以赫兹接触问题和悬臂梁摩擦接触问题为例,通过与解析解及数值计算软件ANSYS计算结果进行对比,验证了该方法求解二维摩擦接触问题的有效性及高精度等特点.     

最优轨迹规划方法及其平动点航天器编队均衡耗能重构应用

由于均衡耗能航天器编队能够提高整体航天器编队服役时间,针对平动点航天器编队重构的均衡耗能最优轨迹规划问题,提出一种以状态、协态和控制三类变量插值为核心的求解非线性最优控制问题的新方法。基于连续时间表达的非线性最优控制问题通过变分原理转化为非线性方程组的求解,并进一步推导非线性方程组显示格式的Jacobi矩阵提高非线性方程组的计算效率。本文方法既满足最优控制理论的一阶必要条件又具有较大的收敛域;同时,不需要对协态初值准确猜测,避免了大规模非线性规划问题的求解。通过对中心航天器位置固定和无中心航天器两种情况的数值模拟,结果表明,本文方法对航天器编队重构轨迹规划问题能够达到均衡耗能的目标,具有一定的应用价值。     

最优轨迹规划方法及其平动点航天器编队均衡耗能重构应用

由于均衡耗能航天器编队能够提高整体航天器编队服役时间,针对平动点航天器编队重构的均衡耗能最优轨迹规划问题,提出一种以状态、协态和控制三类变量插值为核心的求解非线性最优控制问题的新方法。基于连续时间表达的非线性最优控制问题通过变分原理转化为非线性方程组的求解,并进一步推导非线性方程组显示格式的Jacobi矩阵提高非线性方程组的计算效率。本文方法既满足最优控制理论的一阶必要条件又具有较大的收敛域;同时,不需要对协态初值准确猜测,避免了大规模非线性规划问题的求解。通过对中心航天器位置固定和无中心航天器两种情况的数值模拟,结果表明,本文方法对航天器编队重构轨迹规划问题能够达到均衡耗能的目标,具有一定的应用价值。     

NON-INTERIOR SMOOTHING ALGORITHM FOR FRICTIONAL CONTACT PROBLEMS

A new algorithm for solving the three-dimensional elastic contact problem with friction is presented. The algorithm is a non-interior smoothing algorithm based on an NCP-function. The parametric variational principle and parametric quadratic programming method were applied to the analysis of three-dimensional frictional contact problem. The solution of the contact problem was finally reduced to a linear complementarity problem, which was reformulated as a system of nonsmooth equations via an NCP-function. A smoothing approximation to the nonsmooth equations was given by the aggregate function. A Newton method was used to solve the resulting smoothing nonlinear equations. The algorithm presented is easy to understand and implement. The reliability and efficiency of this algorithm are demonstrated both by the numerical experiments of LCP in mathematical way and the examples of contact problems in mechanics.     

Dynamics of spatial structure-varying rigid multibody systems

Summary Couplings in machines and mechanisms exhibiting backlash and friction phenomena can be modeled as multibody systems with unilateral constraints and Coulomb friction. The structure of the differential-algebraic equations describing the system depends on the state of the constraints. The contact forces occurring at active constraints are taken into account in the equations of motion as Lagrange multipliers. Additionally, the kinematic conditions of all active constraints are formulated on the acceleration level. Contact and friction laws are sufficient conditions for state transitions of active constraints, and are represented by nonsmooth characteristics. Several formulations, like the linear complementarity problem, and two different nonlinear systems of equations are presented together with their solution method. The theory is applied to a mechanical system containing three-dimensional and coupled unilateral constraints with friction. Received 14 May 1998; accepted for publication 5 January 1999     

An implicit method for frictional contact, impact and rolling

In this paper an implicit method for frictional contact, impact and rolling is suggested. A nonclassical formulation of a two-dimensional hyperelastic body unilaterally constrained to rigid supports is proposed by following the ideas of Moreau and Jean. A total Lagrangian formulation of the system is given. The elastic properties are defined by coupling the second Piola–Kirchhoff stress to the Green–Lagrange strain via the Kirchhoff–St. Venant law. The equation of motion is written in the spirit of Moreau by using the mean value impulses introduced by Jean. The mean value impulses appear explicitly in the equation of motion. In such manner the treatment of nonconstant kinematic transformation matrices becomes straightforward. The rigid supports are described by smooth functions. By utilizing these functions and the mean value impulses, new contact/impact laws of Signorini and Coulomb type are formulated. The governing equations are solved by a nonsmooth Newton method. This is performed by following the augmented Lagrangian approach and deriving the consistent stiffness matrix as well as the contact stiffness matrices. Three two-dimensional examples are solved by the method: a contact problem, an impact problem and a rolling contact problem.     

非线性方程的求解—最优化样条函数康托诺维奇加权残值法

本文是得新提出的一种微分方程的新解法，最优化样条函数康托诺维奇加权残值法。来求解非线性微分方程。该法把优化理论引入微分方程的数值解法，揉最优化算法，加权残值法，样条函数法，康托诺维奇法于一体，具有精度高、收敛快、易于处理各种边界条件的优点，文中有基于原始微分方程的算例，对流体力学中Ｂｕｒｇｅｒｓ方程的成功求解，展示了该法的应用前景。     

Application of the nonsmooth dynamics approach to model and analysis of the contact-impact events in cam-follower systems

The dynamic modeling and analysis of planar rigid multibody systems that experience contact-impact events is presented and discussed throughout this work. The methodology is based on the nonsmooth dynamics approach, in which the interaction of the colliding bodies is modeled with multiple frictional unilateral constraints. Rigid multibody systems are stated as an equality of measures, which are formulated at the velocity-impulse level. The equations of motion are complemented with constitutive laws for the forces and impulses in the normal and tangential directions. In this work, the unilateral constraints are described by a set-valued force law of the type of Signorini??s condition, while the frictional contacts are characterized by a set-valued force law of the type of Coulomb??s law for dry friction. The resulting contact-impact problem is formulated and solved as an augmented Lagrangian approach, which is embedded in the Moreau time-stepping method. The effectiveness of the methodologies presented in this work is demonstrated throughout the dynamic simulation of a cam-follower system of an industrial cutting file machine.     

非光滑优化的双层规划模型及内点算法

对于包含接触约束的非光滑结构优化问题,其非光滑性体现在状态函数并不是处处可微的,针对含有应力约束及接触约束的非光滑结构优化问题,建立了一种双层规划模型,避免了求解时非光滑性所带来的问题,同时提出了一种迭代算法,用对偶内点二次规划进行分析,线性规划进行优化,算例表明这种方法十分有效。     

Nonlinear flexural–torsional dynamic analysis of beams of variable doubly symmetric cross section—application to wind turbine towers

In this paper, a boundary element solution is developed for the nonlinear flexural–torsional dynamic analysis of beams of arbitrary doubly symmetric variable cross section, undergoing moderate large displacements, and twisting rotations under general boundary conditions, taking into account the effect of rotary and warping inertia. The beam is subjected to the combined action of arbitrarily distributed or concentrated transverse loading in both directions and to twisting and/or axial loading. Four boundary-value problems are formulated with respect to the transverse displacements, to the axial displacement, and to the angle of twist and solved using the Analog Equation Method, a Boundary Element Method (BEM) based technique. Application of the boundary element technique yields a system of nonlinear coupled Differential–Algebraic Equations (DAE) of motion, which is solved iteratively using the Petzold–Gear Backward Differentiation Formula (BDF), a linear multistep method for differential equations coupled with algebraic equations. Numerical examples of great practical interest including wind turbine towers are worked out, while the influence of the nonlinear effects to the response of beams of variable cross section is investigated.     

Sliding a body on snow

Snow is considered as an ideal nonlinear elastoplastic medium. A body performs planeparallel motion on snow. The area of its contact with snow is a part of a rectangular plate. The contact zone changes during the motion of the body. Steady motions are found from the derived equations of motion in the case when the constant external forces and the moment exerted on the body are given. The inverse problem of determining the forces and moments is solved for a given steady motion of a vehicle.     

The nonlinear stability of a heavy rigid plate supported by flexible columns

A heavy rigid platform is supported by thin elastic legs. The governing equations for large deformations are formulated and solved numerically by homotopy and quasi-Newton methods. Nonlinear phenomena such as nonuniqueness, catastrophe and hysteresis are found. A global critical load for nonlinear stability is introduced.     

多体系统指标2运动方程HHT方法违约校正1）

采用Cartesian绝对坐标建模方法，完整约束多体系统运动方程是指标3的微分--代数方程（differentialalgebraic equations，DAEs），数值求解指标3的DAEs属于高指标问题，通过对位置约束方程求导，可使运动方程的指标降为2.位置约束方程求导得到的是速度约束方程.直接求解指标3的运动方程，速度约束方程得不到满足，而且高指标DAEs的数值求解存在一些问题.论文首先采用HHT（Hilber--Hughes--Taylor）直接积分方法求解降指标得到的指标2运动方程，此时速度约束方程参与离散计算，从机器精度上讲速度约束自然得到满足，而位置约束方程没有参与计算，存在“违约”.针对违约问题，采用基于Moore--Penrose广义逆理论的违约校正方法，消除位置约束方程的违约.指标2运动方程HHT方法违约校正，将HHT方法和违约校正方法很好地结合，在数值求解指标2运动方程的过程中，位置约束方程和速度约束方程都不存在违约问题，而且新方法没有引入新的未知数向量，离散得到的非线性方程组的方程数量与原指标2运动方程的方程数量相同，求解规模没有扩大.新方法的实用和有效性通过算例的数值实验得到验证，数值实验也说明新方法保持了HHT方法本身具有的数值阻尼可以控制和二阶精度的特性.最后从非线性方程组的求解规模和计算速度上与其他方法进行了比较分析，说明新方法的优势所在.