材料弹塑性性能数值模拟的多尺度方法

将均匀化方法和渐近分析(Asymptotic Analysis)与参变量变分原理相结合提出了一种模拟复合材料非线性性能的多尺度数值方法.该方法用渐近分析建立宏-细观变量之间的联系,利用参变量变分原理计算非线性响应,求解过程采用迭代算法.为提高计算精度,针对Von-Mises准则和Tsai-Hill准则,提出了一个基于参变量变分原理的改进算法,算例表明该方法可以显著消除传统方法采用线性展开式构造线性互补条件所带来的误差.     

参变量变分原理的提出、发展与应用

参变量变分原理及其参数二次规划算法是由钟万勰院士1985年针对弹性接触边界非线性问题首次提出来的，经过将近40年的不断发展，目前参变量变分原理已经成功应用于各个领域，其中包括弹塑性分析、接触问题、润滑力学、岩土力学、变刚度杆系结构、先进材料性能分析、材料的蠕变与损伤、柔性结构力学和LQ最优控制等各个工程领域。本文首先回顾了参变量变分原理的起源，介绍了参变量变分原理的基本概念，然后以弹塑性分析问题为例，阐明建立参变量变分原理的理论模型以及实现数值参数二次规划求解原理，最后详细回顾了参变量变分原理的基本理论与相应数值算法在各个领域的发展及其工程应用，展示了参变量变分原理在求解各类非线性问题的特色与优势。     

索网天线的参变量变分及非线性有限元方法

针对大型周边桁架式索网天线由拉索拉压模量不同引起的本构非线性和结构大变形引起的几何非线性问题,给出了基于参变量变分原理的几何非线性有限元方法.首先针对含预应力索单元拉压模量不同分段描述的本构关系,通过引入参变量,导出了基于参变量及其互补方程的统一描述形式,避免了传统算法需要根据当前变形对索单元张紧/松弛状态的预测,提高了算法收敛性.然后利用拉格朗日应变描述索网天线结构大变形问题,结合几何非线性有限元法,建立了基于参变量的非线性平衡方程和线性互补方程;并给出了牛顿--拉斐逊迭代法与莱姆算法相结合的求解算法.数值算例验证了本文提出的算法比传统算法具有更稳定的收敛性和更高的求解精度,特别适合于大型索网天线结构的高精度变形分析和预测.     

THE PARAMETRIC VARATIONAL PRINCIPLE AND NON-LINEAR FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR ANALYSIS OF ASTROMESH ANTENNA STRUCTURES

针对大型周边桁架式索网天线由拉索拉压模量不同引起的本构非线性和结构大变形引起的几何非线性问题,给出了基于参变量变分原理的几何非线性有限元方法. 首先针对含预应力索单元拉压模量不同分段描述的本构关系,通过引入参变量,导出了基于参变量及其互补方程的统一描述形式,避免了传统算法需要根据当前变形对索单元张紧/松弛状态的预测,提高了算法收敛性. 然后利用拉格朗日应变描述索网天线结构大变形问题,结合几何非线性有限元法,建立了基于参变量的非线性平衡方程和线性互补方程;并给出了牛顿-拉斐逊迭代法与莱姆算法相结合的求解算法. 数值算例验证了本文提出的算法比传统算法具有更稳定的收敛性和更高的求解精度,特别适合于大型索网天线结构的高精度变形分析和预测.     

弹性接触问题的变分原理及参数二次规划求解

本文给出了平面与空间接触问题的带参变量的变分极值原理。接触是考虑库伦摩擦的。参变量二次规划可以用于精确求解,并且通过数例说明了计算方法。     

一类铁电模型的参变量变分原理及其应用

将参变量变分原理引入铁电问题。对一类借用了经典弹塑性理论中的概念和方法的多轴铁电模型建立基于Helmholtz自由能的参变量变分原理,可以有效处理传统变分原理中由非关联流动法则或屈服面不考虑材料系数变化所引起的切线模量非对称困难。相应于参变量变分原理,引入参数二次规划算法,可获得具有可靠数值稳定性的一套铁电算法。将该算法应用于一个具体的铁电模型,数值计算结果表明本文方法的有效性。     

大型固定翼民用飞机系留载荷非线性计算分析

采用有限元法,充分考虑了固定翼民用飞机机体结构刚度分布对超静定问题求解的影响、起落架缓冲支柱"行程-载荷"之间的非线性关系、系留绳索单向承力特性以及起落架与地面之间的接触非线性,建立了大型固定翼民用飞机系留载荷计算模型并给出了相应计算流程;计算分析了风载作用方向、飞机重量、起落架机轮与地面摩擦系数、系留绳索刚度对飞机系留载荷的影响规律。分析发现:风载方向与航向平行(不平行)时,系留载荷较小(较大);由摩擦系数和飞机重量变化所引起最大系留载荷的差异分别为9%和35%,摩擦系数对最大系留载荷存在一定影响,而飞机重量对其影响显著;飞机重量越小,则最大系留载荷越大,在计算系留载荷时需要考虑可能的最小飞机重量;系留绳索刚度越大,则系留载荷越大,但飞机最大位移越小,在选取系留绳索材料时应同时考虑系留载荷和系留作用下飞机最大位移。     

理想粘塑性流体润滑问题的参变量变分原理

本文给出了理想粘塑性流体润滑问题的参变量变分原理.在膜厚方向压力为常数的假设下,塑性剪切滑移面将发生在固液交界面上,因而可以选择边界速度滑移量为参变量(控制变量).文中讨论了采用有限元求解时的实施过程,原问题最后可化为求解带约束条件的参数二次规划问题.该方法简单可靠,具有良好的工程应用前景.     

输入受限LQ控制的参变量变分原理和算法

在最优控制理论中根据模拟理论思想发展了塑性力学和接触力学中的参变量 变分原理, 并建立了控制输入受限的线性二次(linear quadratic, LQ)最优控制问题的求解新方程---耦合的Hamilton正则 方程与线性互补方程. 通过将连续时间离散成一系列等间距时间区段, 在离散时域内采用参 数二次规划方法给出数值求解输入受限的LQ最优控制问题的新算法. 数值仿真验证 了该算法在求解控制输入受限的LQ最优控制问题中的有效性, 并且该算法具有较快 的收敛性, 在大步长下具有较高的计算精度.     

用于弹性蠕变损伤问题的参变量变分原理

参变量变分原理是近年来发展的用于处理数学物理问题中边界待定边值问题的一种有效方法,本文建立起用于蠕变损伤问题结构分析的参变量变分原理,该原理将原问题化为求解带约束条件的泛函极值,其约束条件就是由蠕变损伤本构关系推导出的系统状态方程组;该原理物理意义明确、表达式简单并且规范,容易为计算机实现。本文给出原理的证明,并就2.25Cr-1Mo钢在550℃下的蠕变问题给出实例。     

A stabilized complementarity formulation for nonlinear analysis of 3D bimodular materials

Bi-modulus materials with different mechanical responses in tension and compression are often found in civil, composite, and biological engineering. Numerical analysis of bimodular materials is strongly nonlinear and convergence is usually a problem for traditional iterative schemes. This paper aims to develop a stabilized computational method for nonlinear analysis of 3D bimodular materials. Based on the parametric variational principle, a unified constitutive equa-tion of 3D bimodular materials is proposed, which allows the eight principal stress states to be indicated by three para-metric variables introduced in the principal stress directions. The original problem is transformed into a standard linear complementarity problem (LCP) by the parametric virtual work principle and a quadratic programming algorithm is developed by solving the LCP with the classic Lemke’s algo-rithm. Update of elasticity and stiffness matrices is avoided and, thus, the proposed algorithm shows an excellent conver-gence behavior compared with traditional iterative schemes. Numerical examples show that the proposed method is valid and can accurately analyze mechanical responses of 3D bimodular materials. Also, stability of the algorithm is greatly improved.     

Parametric variational solution of linear-quadratic optimal control problems with control inequality constraints

A parametric variational principle and the corresponding numerical algo- rithm are proposed to solve a linear-quadratic （LQ） optimal control problem with control inequality constraints. Based on the parametric variational principle, this control prob- lem is transformed into a set of Hamiltonian canonical equations coupled with the linear complementarity equations, which are solved by a linear complementarity solver in the discrete-time domain. The costate variable information is also evaluated by the proposed method. The parametric variational algorithm proposed in this paper is suitable for both time-invariant and time-varying systems. Two numerical examples are used to test the validity of the proposed method. The proposed algorithm is used to astrodynamics to solve a practical optimal control problem for rendezvousing spacecrafts with a finite low thrust. The numerical simulations show that the parametric variational algorithm is ef- fective for LQ optimal control problems with control inequality constraints.     

Structure-preserving Analysis on Folding and Unfolding Process of Undercarriage

The main idea of the structure-preserving method is to preserve the intrinsic geometric properties of the continuous system as much as possible in numerical algorithm design. The geometric constraint in the multi-body systems, one of the difficulties in the numerical methods that are proposed for the multi-body systems, can also be regarded as a geometric property of the multi-body systems. Based on this idea, the symplectic precise integration method is applied in this paper to analyze the kinematics problem of folding and unfolding process of nose undercarriage. The Lagrange governing equation is established for the folding and unfolding process of nose undercarriage with the generalized defined displacements firstly. And then, the constrained Hamiltonian canonical form is derived from the Lagrange governing equation based on the Hamiltonian variational principle. Finally, the symplectic precise integration scheme is used to simulate the kinematics process of nose undercarriage during folding and unfolding described by the constrained Hamiltonian canonical formulation. From the numerical results, it can be concluded that the geometric constraint of the undercarriage system can be preserved well during the numerical simulation on the folding and unfolding process of undercarriage using the symplectic precise integration method.     

Parametric variational principle and quadratic programming method for van der Waals force simulation of parallel and cross nanotubes

A parametric variational principle for van der Waals force simulation between any two adjacent nonbonded atoms and the corresponding improved quadratic programming method for numerical simulation of mechanical behaviors of carbon nanotubes are developed. Carbon nanotubes are modeled and computed based on molecular structural mechanics model. van der Waals force is simulated by the network of bars (called bar network) with a special nonlinear mechanical constitutive law (called generalized parametric constitutive law) in the finite element analysis. Compared with conventional numerical methods, the proposed method does not depend on displacement and stress iteration, but on the base exchanges in the solution of a standard quadratic programming problem. Thus, the model and method developed present very good convergence behavior in computation and provide accurate predictions of the mechanical behaviors and displacement distributions in the nanotubes. Numerical results demonstrate the validity and the efficiency of the proposed method.     

考虑损伤累积的热弹塑性问题变分原理及其有限元方法

本文基于连续介质损伤力学中有效应力的概念，研究建筑结构抗火分析中遇到的热弹塑性问题与损伤的耦合，并运用参变量变分原理，建立起用于热弹塑性损伤问题结构分析的变分原理。本文给出了原理应用的有限元列式。具有明确的物理意义，表达形式规范，便于数值手段实现。     

具有损伤耦合效应的弹塑性蠕变问题结构分析的变分原理

本文基于连续介质损伤力学中有效应力的概念,研究弹塑性蠕变问题中的损伤耦合,并应用由最优控制理论基本思想发展起来的参变量变分原理建立起用于弹塑性蠕变损伤问题结构分析的变分原理.文中给出了原理的证明.该原理的物理意义明确,表达式简单且规范,容易为数值手段实现.     

受压橡胶海绵圆筒的轴对称平面应变问题研究

针对橡胶海绵材料圆筒受压问题,根据欧拉-拉格朗日变分原理,建立了基于Blatz-Ko材料模型的轴对称平面应变问题的非线性微分方程.采用参数变换的方法,获得了该问题的参数形式解析解.并通过相应数值算例,得到了径向应力和切向应力沿圆筒径向的变化规律,以及过盈量对径向应力和切向应力影响规律.     

A structure-preserving algorithm for time-scale non-shifted Hamiltonian systems

The variational calculus of time-scale non-shifted systems includes both the traditional continuous and traditional significant discrete variational calculus. Not only can the combination of $\Delta$ and $?$ derivatives be beneficial to obtaining higher convergence order in numerical analysis, but also it prompts the time-scale numerical computational scheme to have good properties, for instance, structure-preserving. In this letter, a structure-preserving algorithm for time-scale non-shifted Hamiltonian systems is proposed. By using the time-scale discrete variational method and calculus theory, and taking a discrete time scale in the variational principle of non-shifted Hamiltonian systems, the corresponding discrete Hamiltonian principle can be obtained. Furthermore, the time-scale discrete Hamilton difference equations, Noether theorem, and the symplectic scheme of discrete Hamiltonian systems are obtained. Finally, taking the Kepler problem and damped oscillator for time-scale non-shifted Hamiltonian systems as examples, they show that the time-scale discrete variational method is a structure-preserving algorithm. The new algorithm not only provides a numerical method for solving time-scale non-shifted dynamic equations but can be calculated with variable step sizes to improve the computational speed.