修正的RC剪力墙构件Park-Ang损伤模型

基于Park-Ang 损伤模型，提出了用于钢筋混凝土剪力墙构件的修正损伤模型．通过对已有钢筋混凝土剪力墙试验结果的统计分析，总结了其累积耗能组合系数的影响因素，并拟合出该系数与试件参数：剪跨比、轴压比、配筋率的关系式．修正的损伤模型需满足加载至破坏时损伤指标为1.0 的上界条件，结果表明，根据本文修正的损伤模型计算的钢筋混凝土剪力墙试件损伤指标在统计意义上满足该条件．最后，根据构件性能水准的相关研究，本文将钢筋混凝土剪力墙构件的性能水准划分为：基本运行，生命安全和接近倒塌，分别对应了构件骨架曲线相应关键点：屈服点、峰值点和极限破坏点，根据本文修正损伤模型计算的各水准损伤指标临界值分别为：0.02、0.45 和1.00．     

约束修正失效评定曲线及内压管道失效分析

用A2参数描述裂纹尖端约束效应,考虑裂纹尖端约束水平对断裂阻力的影响,对R6失效评定曲线进行修正。以X80钢为例,根据不同约束水平试件测试得到的JR–△a曲线,给出了与裂纹尖端约束相关的失效评定曲线。在使用有限元对带裂纹内压管道进行弹塑性分析的基础上,利用失效评定曲线对失效载荷进行预测;与试验结果比较表明:采用约束修正失效评定曲线,在对存在缺陷的构件进行安全性评定、寿命评估、失效概率计算时,考虑约束效应对断裂韧度的影响可以更充分地发挥构件的强度潜力。     

三维加锚弹塑性损务模型在溪洛渡地下厂房工程中的应用

本文根据断续裂隙岩体的损伤机制,建立了三维弹塑性损伤本构模型反映裂隙岩体的损伤变形特性。考虑断续裂隙岩体的岩锚支护效应,建立了空间损伤锚柱单元模型模拟锚杆的支护效果。最后将建立的模型应用于溪洛渡水电站地下厂房,进行了洞室群开挖弹塑性损伤及岩锚支护三维非线性有限元计算,获得了一些有益的工程结论。     

型钢再生混凝土柱-钢梁组合框架节点恢复力模型试验研究

为了建立型钢再生混凝土柱-钢梁组合框架中节点的恢复力模型,进行了5个组合框架节点试件的低周反复荷载试验,观察试件破坏过程及形态特征,获取各试件的滞回曲线和骨架曲线,重点分析其滞回性能和抗震性能。试验结果表明,各节点试件均发生典型的剪切破坏形态,受力过程大致经历了弹性段、带裂缝工作段、屈服强化段及破坏4个阶段,节点滞回曲线呈较为饱满的梭形,位移延性系数均值为3.29,表现出较好的抗震性能。在此基础上,考虑节点试件受力特征,建立了适合型钢再生混凝土柱-钢梁组合框架节点的四折线恢复力模型,该模型包括骨架曲线模型、刚度退化规律及滞回规则,计算曲线与试验曲线吻合较好,能够很好反映型钢再生混凝土柱-钢梁组合框架节点在低周反复荷载作用下的滞回特性。本文研究结果可为节点抗震设计提供一定参考。     

反复荷载下圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱恢复力模型研究

为建立圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱的恢复力模型,对11根圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱试件进行了低周反复荷载试验研究,考虑了再生骨料取代率、配钢率及钢管径厚比等不同设计参数的影响,分析了组合柱的地震破坏形态及滞回性能。基于组合柱的力学特征及曲线形状,提出了圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱骨架曲线的三折线参数模型,采用理论推导与数据拟合的方法确定了组合柱骨架曲线的模型参数。在此基础上,给出了组合柱的滞回规则和卸载规律,构建了组合柱的恢复力模型,计算滞回曲线与试验滞回曲线吻合良好,表明该恢复力模型较好地反映了反复荷载下组合柱的受力特征点及滞回性能,可为此类组合柱的推广提供技术参考。     

全局性能水准与构件局部损伤状态相关性研究

传统的最大层间位移作为一个全局性的性能指标,超出给定的性能极限状态阈值就不能映射构件局部损伤状态。本文基于能量平衡原理,将塑性能量耗散和塑性铰的等效能相比得到累积塑性应变,将累积塑性应变这一反映局部损伤状态的损伤指标作为工程需求参数,假定一系列累积塑性应变阈值建立局部构件的易损性曲线族。以传统的最大层间位移作为反映全局性能水准的工程需求参数,建立结构全局性能极限状态下的易损性曲线。对比全局和局部易损性曲线,发现全局性能水准和局部构件损伤状态之间存在良好的相关性,通过易损性曲线的吻合程度可获得给定全局性能水准相对应的累积塑性应变阈值。进而也建立起全局性能指标与局部损伤状态的映射关系。基于累积塑性应变的机构易损性分析是一种更精确的易损性分析方法。     

全局性能水准与构件局部损伤状态

传统的最大层间位移作为一个全局性的性能指标,超出给定的性能极限状态阈值就不能映射构件局部损伤状态。本文基于能量平衡原理,将塑性能量耗散和塑性铰的等效能相比得到累积塑性应变,将累积塑性应变这一反映局部损伤状态的损伤指标作为工程需求参数,假定一系列累积塑性应变阈值建立局部构件的易损性曲线族。以传统的最大层间位移作为反映全局性能水准的工程需求参数,建立结构全局性能极限状态下的易损性曲线。对比全局和局部易损性曲线,发现全局性能水准和局部构件损伤状态之间存在良好的相关性,通过易损性曲线的吻合程度可获得给定全局性能水准相对应的累积塑性应变阈值。进而也建立起全局性能指标与局部损伤状态的映射关系。基于累积塑性应变的机构易损性分析是一种更精确的易损性分析方法。     

结构钢损伤本构关系的研究

回顾了结构钢损伤模型的发展史,提出了一种新的本构模型－结构钢弹塑性各向异性损伤本构模型,该模型采用混合强化准则,考虑Bauschinger效应,屈服平台、硬化（软化）效应及损伤和损伤演化影响。算例分析结果表明本文模型能够客观地反映结构钢在循环荷载作用下的工作性能、适用于进行钢结构及构件在循环荷载作用下弹塑性反应分析。     

混凝土黏塑性动力损伤本构关系

从静力弹塑性损伤本构关系的基本框架出发, 综合考虑塑性应变与损伤 演化的率敏感性, 建立了能够较为全面地描述混凝土在动力加载条件下非线性性能的混凝土 黏塑性动力损伤本构模型. 为了考虑塑性应变的率敏感性, 基于Perzyna理论推导了有效应 力空间黏塑性力学基本公式, 采用改进的Perzyna型动力演化方程, 将损伤静力演化方程推 广到动力加载情形. 基于并联弹簧模型, 从概率论的角度推导给出了一维损伤静力演化方程, 并基于能量等效应变的基本概念将其推广到多维损伤演化. 利用数值模拟, 计算得到了 混凝土在不同应变率下的应力应变全曲线, 同时得到了一维动力提高因子和二维动力强度包 络图, 数值结果与试验结果的对比表明了该模型的有效性.     

金属试件变形断裂过程的计算模拟分析——组合功密度模型的应用

本文作者已建立了一个既适用于裂纹体亦适用于无裂纹体的统一损伤断裂模型——组合功密度模型。在本文中,作者应用该模型并结合大应变弹塑性有限元方法对40Cr制的圆棒光滑拉伸试件、圆棒切口拉伸试件和三点弯曲裂纹试件的变形和断裂过程进行了计算模拟。模拟结果很好地再现了两种圆棒拉伸试件的实验过程;而对于三点弯曲试件,模拟得到的载荷——加载位移关系曲线、裂纹扩展量——加载位移关系曲线、J_R阻力曲线和断裂韧性J_(IC)值等均与实测结果相当吻合。证实了该模型既能用于模拟预测无裂纹体中的裂纹萌生和扩展,也能模拟预测裂纹体中的裂纹起裂和稳定扩展过程。     

单向应力状态下钢材高温分析的损伤模型

本文结合结构钢材火灾高温分析的特点，通过对Ｌｅｍａｉｔｒｅ关于常温下金属材料延性损伤模型和修改，提出一种适用应力状态下钢材高温分析的损伤模型，为进行钢框架在火灾高温作用下及火灾冷却后的２和损伤分析提供可能性。     

Numerical simulation of welding induced damage and residual stress of martensitic steel 15-5PH

This paper is about the modeling of damage and residual stresses induced by a complex history of thermo-elasto-plastic multiphase in welding heat affected zone (HAZ). A two-scale model for elasto-plastic damaged multiphase is developed. The constitutive equations of the model are coupling ductile damage, elasto-plastic strains, phase transformation and transformation plasticity. In this study, an equation of damage evolution is proposed based on the continuum damage mechanics. In order to validate the proposed damage evolution, a set of flat notched bars with various notches are to simulated and then compared to experimental results. An example of laser heated disk is simulated to elaborate the two-scale model and the simulated results of the two-scale model in CAST3M^® is compared the results calculated by a homogenized macroscopic model in SYSWELD^®. The study shows the two-scale model provides valuable freedom to choose the material or mechanical law for each phase. The proposed damage equation extends the application of existing ductile damage models. In the calculation of residual stresses, damage decreases the residual stresses in HAZ by a small amount.     

Evaluation of atmospheric corrosion damage to steel space structures in coastal areas

Steel space structures in coastal areas, often exposed in the open air, are inevitably subjected to atmospheric corrosion. This paper presents a framework for evaluation of potential damage due to atmospheric corrosion to steel space structures in coastal areas through an integration of knowledge in material science and structural analysis. An empirical model for estimating corrosion of steel material is first presented based on long-term experimental data available. Equations relating structural natural frequency sensitivity to structural member thickness are then derived in consideration of both inner and outer surface corrosions of the structural member. The nonlinear static analysis is finally conducted to evaluate effects of atmospheric corrosion on the stress of structural members and the safety of steel space structures. By taking a real large steel space structure built in southern coastal area in China as example, the feasibility of the proposed approach is examined and the potential damage caused by atmospheric corrosion to the structure is assessed. The results demonstrate that the atmospheric corrosion does not obviously affect the natural frequencies of the structure but it does create stress redistribution and some of the structural members may have large stress changes.     

空间网架结构在地震作用下的损伤累积分析

本文从连续介质损伤力学的基础理论出发，提出了弹性模量等价性假设，并在这一假设的基础上建立了考虑损伤累积效应的空间网架结构分析的有限元列式。最后，以空间网架结构在地震作用下的损伤累积分析为例，给出了本文方法的具体实施步骤。     

考虑损伤累积的热弹塑性问题变分原理及其有限元方法

本文基于连续介质损伤力学中有效应力的概念，研究建筑结构抗火分析中遇到的热弹塑性问题与损伤的耦合，并运用参变量变分原理，建立起用于热弹塑性损伤问题结构分析的变分原理。本文给出了原理应用的有限元列式。具有明确的物理意义，表达形式规范，便于数值手段实现。     

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从结构损伤识别的需要出发研究能够准确反映钢构件承载过程中发生的塑性变形 和损伤过程的量化测试方法. 用漫反射法测量了钢构件在变形和损伤过程中表面粗糙度变化 的图像,依据记录下来的表面图像进一步处理得到构件表面粗糙度的平均灰度值的变化,据 此寻找对构件塑性变形和损伤状态相关并且敏感的参数指标. 研究结果表明,基于漫反射法 和图像处理得到的钢构件承载过程中表面粗糙度的平均灰度值的变化可以判断金属试样是否 发生了塑性变形,并可定量描述试样在塑性变形后期的损伤程度.     

An implicit-gradient-enhanced incremental-secant mean-field homogenization scheme for elasto-plastic composites with damage

This paper presents an incremental-secant mean-field homogenization (MFH) procedure for composites made of elasto-plastic constituents exhibiting damage. During the damaging process of one phase, the proposed method can account for the resulting unloading of the other phase, ensuring an accurate prediction of the scheme. When strain softening of materials is involved, classical finite element formulations lose solution uniqueness and face the strain localization problem. To avoid this issue the model is formulated in a so-called implicit gradient-enhanced approach, with a view toward macro-scale simulations. The method is then used to predict the behavior of composites whose matrix phases exhibit strain softening, and is shown to be accurate compared to unit cell simulations and experimental results. Then the convergence of the method upon strain softening, with respect to the mesh size, is demonstrated on a notched composite ply. Finally, applications consisting in a stacking plate, successively without and with a hole, are given as illustrations of the possibility of the method to be used in a multiscale framework.     

Damage analysis and dynamic response of elasto-plastic laminated composite shallow spherical shell under low velocity impact

Based on the elasto-plastic mechanics, the damage analysis and dynamic response of an elasto-plastic laminated composite shallow spherical shell under low velocity impact are carried out in this paper. Firstly, a yielding criterion related to spherical tensor of stress is proposed to model the mixed hardening orthotropic material, and accordingly an incremental elasto-plastic damage constitutive relation for the laminated shallow spherical shell is founded when a strain-based Hashin failure criterion is applied to assess the damage initiation and propagation. Secondly, using the presented constitutive relations and the classical nonlinear shell theory, a series of incremental nonlinear motion equations of orthotropic moderately thick laminated shallow spherical shell are obtained. The questions are solved by using the orthogonal collocation point method, Newmark method and iterative method synthetically. Finally, a modified elasto-plastic contact law is developed to determine the normal contact force and the effect of damage, geometrical parameters, elasto-plastic contact and boundary conditions on the contact force and the dynamic response of the structure under low velocity impact are investigated.     

Mesoscopic model to simulate the mechanical behavior of reinforced concrete members affected by corrosion

In this contribution, a finite element methodology devised to simulate the structural deterioration of corroded reinforced concrete members is presented. The proposed numerical strategy has the ability to reproduce many of the well-known (undesirable) mechanical effects induced by corrosion processes in the embedded steel bars, as for example: expansion of the reinforcements due to the corrosion product accumulation, damage and cracking patterns distribution in the surrounding concrete, degradation of steel–concrete bond stress transfer, net area reduction in the reinforcements and, mainly, the influence of all these mentioned mechanisms on the structural load carrying capacity predictions.At the numerical level, each component of the RC structure is represented by means of a suitable FE formulation. For the concrete, a cohesive model based on the Continuum Strong Discontinuity Approach (CSDA) is used. Steel bars are modeled by means of an elasto-plastic constitutive relation. The interface is simulated using contact-friction elements, with the friction degradation as a function of the degree of corrosion attack. Two different (and coupled) mesoscopic analyzes are considered in order to describe the main physical phenomena that govern the problem: (i) an analysis at the cross section level and (ii) an analysis at the structural member level.The resultant mechanical model can be used to simulate generalized reinforcement corrosion. Experimental and previous numerical results, obtained from the available literature, are used to validate the proposed strategy.     

Modelling the Damage Induced by Pressure Transients in Elasto-Plastic Pipes

This paper is concerned with the analysis of pressure transients in damageable elasto-plastic piping systems. The fluid dynamics and pipewall deformation are modelled by the classical water hammer theory, whereas pipewall mechanical behavior is described by an internal variable constitutive theory. The constitutive model coupling plasticity and damage used herein gives rise to a nonlinear hyperbolic problem in which the wavespeeds are altered by damage evolution. The problem is numerically approximated by means of a technique based on an additive decomposition together with the Glimm's method and a special Euler-type time integration scheme. Examples concerning the structural integrity analysis of a reservoir-pipe-valve installation, where hydraulic transients are generated by valve slam, are presented to illustrate the applicability of both theory and numerical method.