A3钢钝头弹撞击45钢板破坏模式的数值分析

不同速度范围内的A3钢钝头弹撞击45钢靶板分别表现为泰勒撞击、向日葵型花瓣帽形失效和靶板冲塞穿甲等3种不同的破坏模式,利用LS-DYNA对这种复杂的破坏机理和相应的影响因素进行了数值模拟研究。采用Johnson-Cook强度模型和累积损伤失效模型描述弹靶材料的力学性能,并考虑了塑性变形的绝热温升效应。数值模拟再现了不同破坏模式的失效过程,得到了与实验一致的结果。研究还指出,弹靶的冲塞穿甲实际是在高速撞击下,弹体发生花瓣帽形变形失效后继续穿甲靶板的后续结果。     

细长薄壁弹体的屈曲和靶体等效分析

利用金属靶开展动能深侵彻弹的穿甲屈曲实验研究。实验观察到长/短型弹体动塑性屈曲破坏分别表现为轴向皱褶型和轴向外翻撕裂型2种基本模式。不同的屈曲破坏模式与弹体几何、撞击初条件以及靶材等密切相关。区别于刚性尖头弹穿甲金属靶的韧性隧道开孔,尖头弹因屈曲破坏易变形为钝头形,导致弹体穿透靶板表现为挤凿穿甲。利用薄壁中空柱壳的弹性欧拉屈曲分析和弹体塑性屈服的极限分析给出弹体动塑性屈曲的临界条件。同时给出屈曲实验中混凝土靶和金属靶的等效条件。     

Effect of projectile nose shape,impact velocity and target thickness on deformation behavior of aluminum plates

The present study deals with the experimental and numerical investigations of aluminum target plates impacted by blunt, ogive and hemispherical nosed steel projectiles. The projectiles were normally impacted on the target plates of 0.5, 0.71, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 mm thicknesses at different velocities with the help of a pneumatic gun. Effect of projectile nose shape, impact velocity and plate thickness on the deformation of the target plates was studied. Hemispherical nosed projectile caused highest global deformation (dishing) of the target plates. Ogive nosed projectiles were found to be the most efficient penetrator for the case of plates of thicknesses 0.5, 0.71, 1.0 and 1.5 mm. For the case of plates of thicknesses 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mm however, blunt nosed projectiles required least energy to perforate the target plates. The ballistic limit velocity of hemispherical nosed projectiles was found to be highest as compared to the other two projectiles. Finite element analysis of the problem was carried out using ABAQUS finite element code. Results of the numerical analysis were compared with the experiments and good correlation between the two was found.     

Incremental deformation and penetration analysis of deformable projectile into semi-infinite target

In this paper, a new analytical method for projectile deformation and penetration into a semi-infinite target has been developed. This method is based on separated, successive and incremental steps. In deformation step, the target assumed rigid and the increment of projectile deformation was evaluated, whilst in penetration step, the projectile assumed rigid and the increment of penetration was evaluated. These sequential steps continued untill the projectile stopped.Furthermore, a series of ballistic tests have been carried out with ogival projectiles with striking velocity of 600–900 m/s. The projectiles and target plates material has been chosen from 4 types of steel. In this way, 210 tests for 48 combinations of projectile, target and velocity have been carried out. Numerical simulation has been also performed using the LS-DYNA code.Comparison between the depth of penetration obtained by this analytical method and those of the experimental and numerical ones shows a good agreement.     

A3钢钝头弹撞击45钢板破坏模式的试验研究

为了研究破片模拟弹的终点弹道效应,进行了不同质量A3钢钝头弹(弹径25 mm)撞击45钢板的试验研究,其中A3钢强度弱于45钢。在约200～800 m/s的撞击速度范围内,随着撞击速度的增加,分别观察到弹体出现泰勒撞击、向日葵型花瓣帽形失效及靶板冲塞穿甲三种破坏模式。伴随弹体和靶体经历的不同结构破坏模式,弹材和靶材也经历着相当复杂的材料失效。     

A numerical study on the deformation and fracture modes of steel projectiles during Taylor bar impact tests

A heterogeneous material model based on macro-mechanical observations is proposed for simulation of fracture in steel projectiles during impact. A previous experimental study on the deformation and fracture of steel projectiles during Taylor bar impact tests resulted in a variety of failure modes. The accompanying material investigation showed that the materials used in the impact tests were heterogeneous on scales ranging from microstructure as investigated with SEM to variation in fracture strains from tensile tests. A normal distribution is employed to achieve a heterogeneous numerical model with respect to the fracture properties. The proposed material model is calibrated based on the tensile tests, and then used to independently simulate the Taylor bar impact tests. A preliminary investigation showed that the simulations are sensitive to assumptions regarding the anvil behaviour and friction properties. A flexible anvil and a yield-limited friction law are shown to be necessary to correctly reproduce the experimental behaviour. The proposed model is then shown to be capable of correctly reproducing all fracture modes but one, and also predict critical impact velocities for projectile fracture with reasonable accuracy. Fragmentation at velocities above the critical velocity is not well reproduced due to excessive element erosion. Measures to make the element erosion process more physical are proposed and discussed with their respective drawbacks. The use of a simple fracture criterion in combination with an element erosion technique accentuates the effect of distributing the fracture parameter.     

Ti-6Al-4V弹体破坏模式对冲击反应的影响研究

Ti-6Al-4V材料是武器结构轻量化时的重要替代材料，其冲击反应将可能增加战斗部毁伤威力，但目前缺乏对其冲击反应条件及反应机理的研究。本文将采用试验与理论分析方法，研究结构破坏模式对Ti-6Al-4V材料冲击反应的影响，获得其冲击反应条件及反应机理。设计并开展了钛合金弹（头部与壳体均为钛合金）与复合弹（头部碳/碳复合材料、壳体空心钛合金圆柱）正侵彻混凝土试验，撞击速度在222~1008 m/s之间。钛合金弹激发了剧烈的氧化冲击反应，但复合弹未产生冲击反应。破坏模式宏细观分析显示，钛合金弹侵彻后宏观结构基本完整，仅表面发生摩擦磨损，以细观组织剪切变形为主要失效模式，形成尺寸在微米量级至百微米量级的颗粒碎片，碎片个数可高达3×106。复合弹的钛合金空心圆柱被撕裂成块，撕裂面沿剪切带方向发展，碎块尺寸在毫米或以上量级，个数至多百余个。碎片供氧和供热的效率均与碎片尺寸成反比，而特定供氧与供热条件下，碎片尺寸足够小是Ti-6Al-4V材料发生冲击反应的必要条件，这是钛合金弹发生冲击反应而钛合金空心圆柱无法激发冲击反应的本质原因。在具备冲击反应必要条件的前提下，碎片个数越多，冲击反应烈度越高。     

大长细比结构弹体侵彻2024-O铝靶的弹塑性动力响应

为研究大长细比结构弹体在撞击典型硬目标早期的结构动力学响应，利用57轻气炮进行了直径1.4 cm、量纲一壁厚0.1和0.15、长细比8和12、头部系数3和4.5的卵形空心弹体对2024-O铝靶的侵彻实验研究，利用高速摄影系统记录了弹体撞靶过程，观察到大长细比弹体垂直撞击硬目标过程中的局部墩粗、塑性屈曲2种结构破坏模式，以及斜侵彻过程中的整体塑性弯曲、弯曲与墩粗耦合、弯曲与屈曲耦合3种结构破坏模式和实时动力学响应过程。基于对指数硬化材料的空腔膨胀理论建立了弹体垂直侵彻模型，给出了在轴向及横向载荷交互作用下计算刚塑性自由梁危险截面屈服函数的控制方程，计算值与实验结果吻合较好。     

基于物质点法的船体板架结构高速侵彻毁伤模式研究

本文通过数值模拟的方法研究了截卵型弹体冲击下921A钢板的毁伤模式。 跟以往试验进行对比，发现数值结果与实验结果吻合良好。 在3种不同工况下，剩余速度与实验结果吻合良好，误差小于5%。随着弹着点位置的变化，加筋板的失效模式发生变化。击中靶板中心时，加强筋发生撕裂，目标板在左右两侧产生对称的花瓣型破坏模式。 随着弹着点位置的偏移，加强筋的撕裂程度逐渐减小，最后仅仅发生塑性应变。并且目标板上的破坏不再对称，左侧板的动态响应从花瓣破坏变为小面积断裂，最后仅保留塑性变形。右侧板始终产生花瓣型失效模式，但花瓣的数量和形式始终在变化。结果表明，物质点法可以很好地应用，并为今后舰船穿透研究提供参考。     

80%钨纤维增强锆(Zr)基块体金属玻璃复合材料长杆弹侵彻钢靶实验研究

本文在765~1766m/s速度范围内,对钨纤维体积分数为80%的增强锆(Zr)基块体金属玻璃复合材料长杆弹进行侵彻Q235钢靶的穿甲试验,对残余弹体进行宏、细观观测,研究弹体材料的失效破坏模式。穿甲试验表明,在大于1000m/s速度侵彻时,钨纤维非晶弹拥有头形自锐能力,表现出优秀的侵彻能力。弹材变形和破坏主要发生于弹体头部边缘层,呈局域化和尖锐化特点,而且边缘层厚度在整个高速穿甲过程中保持动态平衡。由于非晶基体作用,弹体材料易发生剪切断裂等破坏,通过流动形成质量侵蚀并导致弹体头部边缘层形成自锐。