起下钻时的钻柱和液柱系统纵向振动过程分析

本文建立了钻柱、钻柱内液柱和环空液柱的系统纵向振动方程，分析了起下钻时波动压力和反压差的影响因素，阐明了井下钻柱所受载荷的变化与大钩载荷的变化具有相同规律，为井下工况的预测、井下事故原因分析及井眼轨道控制系统控制信号的确定提供理论依据。     

斜直井眼中钻柱屈曲的研究

利用能量法，推导了斜直井眼中钻柱的屈曲临界荷载在力学模型中，考虑了钻柱自重和井斜的影响，给出斜直井眼中钻柱侧向屈曲临界荷载的一般形式，并讨论了发生高阶屈曲的条件，所得结果可供工程计算参考     

隔水管弯曲对钻柱振动影响的计算与分析

海洋油气资源钻探中隔水管的弯曲对钻柱振动以及钻进特性有特别的影响。为得到隔水管弯曲对钻柱振动的影响规律,对南海已钻深水井使用非线性有限元软件建立全井钻井数值计算模型,研究获得了不同垂深时隔水管弯曲对钻柱振动特性的影响规律。研究表明:隔水管弯曲会加剧钻柱的振动,钻柱振动加剧会导致钻井能耗上升、钻头切削能力下降并且会加快钻柱疲劳;当隔水管的弯曲达到某临界值,钻柱与隔水管间的接触力会陡增;井口的钩载越大,隔水管弯曲带来的井口钩载波动量越大;井越深,隔水管弯曲对全井钻柱最大弯矩和钻头切削能力的影响越小。     

5-1/2 FH钻杆接头极限承载能力研究

随着超深井、定向井、水平井、大位移井及大斜度井在石油钻井工程中的广泛应用,由井下复杂工况引起的钻杆接头过早失效问题日益突出,导致钻井周期增长,成本增加,成为制约钻井工程效益的主要因素之一.近年来,不少学者对钻杆接头进行了大量研究,多数采用二维轴对称模型,少数采用三维力学模型,但并未同时考虑螺纹升角和井眼弯曲作用等因素的影响,而钻杆接头的极限承载能力研究更是鲜见报道.针对上述问题,基于虚功原理、von Mises屈服原则及接触非线性理论,同时考虑螺纹升角和井眼弯曲作用,建立了钻杆接头的三维数值仿真模型与井眼曲率到加载弯矩的转换模型,研究了钻杆接头的上扣特性、井眼曲率对连接强度和密封性能的影响,考虑预紧力、弯曲载荷及动载安全系数,计算了钻杆接头的极限工作拉力和极限工作扭矩.研究结果表明:上扣扭矩使钻杆接头产生一定的初始接触压力,保证钻杆接头井下作业过程中的连接强度与密封性能;井眼曲率对钻杆接头井下作业过程中的连接强度与密封性能影响极大,常见的某些工况会导致钻杆接头的连接强度和密封性能丧失,考虑服役时的随机振动与冲击,常规的超深井、水平井、定向井、大位移井及大斜度井弯曲段钻杆接头的设计和选型应着重考虑井眼曲率的影响;针对设计的每种钻杆接头,都应考虑常见的井眼曲率和轴向拉伸载荷进行极限工作拉力和极限工作扭矩的精细化数值计算,以确保其安全工作.     

弯曲井眼中受压管柱的屈曲分析

本文通过微元体的变形和受力分析，导出了弯曲井眼中受压管柱的屈曲方程──一个合参数。的四阶非线性常微分方程。ε是一个综合考虑轴压（Ｆ０）、管柱截面抗弯刚度（ＥＪ）、井眼轴线轨迹曲车半径（Ｒ）以及共眼有效半径（ｒ）的无因次参数。本文利用线性化方法及小参数摄动法求得了屈曲方程的一次分叉点ε１及二次分叉点ε２。当ε＞ε１时，管柱处于稳定状态，对应于屈曲方程的零解；当ε２＜ε≤ε１时，管柱处于正弦屈曲状态，对应于屈曲方程的周期解；当ε≤ε２时，管柱处于螺旋屈曲状态，对应于屈曲方程的螺线解。本文给出的弯曲井眼中受压管柱的两个临界屈曲载荷（与两个分叉声、对应），发生螺旋屈曲时的螺距等理论结果与他人发表的实验结果吻合较好。     

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通过对套铣筒这种特殊结构钻柱的分析，在现有钻柱力学模型研究的基础上，针对 套铣筒结构特点(大筒径、薄壁筒型钻柱)，建立套铣筒与井壁接触力学模型，通过分析套铣 管柱在井下屈曲状态以及与井壁接触压力的计算，对套铣筒进行力学分析以及摩阻力计算.     

扁化效应对弯曲段套管抗挤强度的影响对比分析

针对弯曲段套管抗挤强度随井眼曲率变化规律问题，利用材料力学理论将弯曲段套管等价为均布载荷作用下的弯曲梁模型，根据拉梅厚壁筒理论和强度理论得到套管抗挤强度公式．借鉴扁化变形在圆管类结构中的研究思路，将其拓展到套管抗挤强度分析，对比分析是否考虑扁化效应下四种规格套管不同井眼曲率下的抗外挤强度．研究表明，套管轴向应力随井眼曲率基本呈线性变化；套管抗挤强度随井眼曲率的增加非线性下降．井眼曲率为2o/30 m时，是否考虑套管扁化变形得到的5 1/2"×10.54 mm P110套管抗挤强度误差为12.8 %；井眼曲率为12o/30 m时，误差46.9 %．井眼曲率为2o/30 m时，4 1/2"×9.65 mm TP140V套管抗挤强度误差11.9 %；井眼曲率为12o/30 m时，误差44.7 %．可见，考虑扁化变形后套管抗挤强度小于未考虑扁化变形情况；井眼曲率不大时，两种算法的差距较小，随着井眼曲率的增加，套管扁化变形对套管抗挤强度的影响不能忽略．     

宏纤维压电层合壳结构非线性屈曲分析

以纤维压电MFC （Micro-Fiber Composite）层合圆柱壳为例，研究了其在准静态屈曲下的非线性振动响应。基于Reissner-Mindlin一阶剪切变形假设，采用大转角几何全非线性理论，建立了带有纤维角度的MFC层合壳结构的非线性屈曲与振动分析模型。采用全拉格朗日方程（Total Lagrange Formulation）对非线性模型进行线性化处理，并结合Riks-Wempner弦长控制迭代法进行准静态求解，然后在每个解点进行自由振动分析。通过与文献数据对比验证了所建模型的准确性。并用该计算模型对MFC-d31层合圆柱壳进行屈曲及自由振动分析，研究了几何参数（曲率、厚度、纤维角度和不同外加电压）对频率的影响。结果表明，厚度、曲率和纤维增强角度对结构的临界载荷有显著的影响，且结构的临界载荷随着上述参数的增大而增大；电场强度可对不同纤维角度壳体的自振频率进行调节，能够提高结构的临界载荷；纤维角度越大，电压对结构自振频率调节的效果越明显。     

井孔约束下水平井段钻柱的浑沌运动

考虑了钻柱即时构形中轴向力对钻柱弯曲的影响,计及由于弯曲变形而产生的轴向附加力,得到了水平井段钻柱在周期性波动钻压激励下的非线性参数激励振动系统,导出了根据钻柱的物理和几何性质以及井孔尺寸计算系统参数的公式,选通过Calerkin法对控制方程在空间域内加权消残,然后在时间时间域内用Melnikov-Holmes方法得到了钻柱可能发生浑沌振动的参数激励的阈值,文中结果可能对钻井轨迹的控制具有一定的指导意义。     

剪切可变形多孔梯度梁屈曲的解析解

多孔梯度梁具有优异的力学性能，受到研究者的广泛关注．然而，同时考虑轴线可伸长和剪切可变形效应的多孔梁屈曲问题尚未得到充分重视．基于屈曲控制方程和泰勒级数展开方法，推导出四种典型边界约束条件下多孔梁屈曲临界载荷的解析表达式．然后，定义轴线可伸长和剪切可变形作用的影响系数，并分别考虑影响系数，孔隙率和孔隙分布对屈曲临界载荷的影响．结果表明，影响系数会降低梁的屈曲临界载荷；孔隙率越大，临界屈曲载荷越小．此外，合理设计孔隙分布有助于提高多孔梁的稳定性．     

连续油管井下力学行为模拟实验研究

连续油管作业系统在井下受力复杂,借助相关实验研究可为连续油管实际入井深度、连续油管屈曲、锁死及解除锁死等问题提供解决思路. 根据相关理论计算结果确定了合适的实验系统几何参数. 设计了实验台架,进行了不同规格模拟连续油管和不同弯曲段长度实验. 分析了屈曲、螺旋屈曲锁死、首端屈服等实验现象,提出了螺旋屈曲锁死的条件. 实验结果与理论计算结果吻合较好. 该实验为连续油管井下力学行为分析提供了依据.     

液压作用下套管柱临界屈曲载荷计算的能量法

推导了内外液压作用下套管柱微弯时的能量平衡公式,并计算了其屈曲临界载荷计算公式。得到的结果低于目前已发表的结果。内外液压对套管稳定性的影响相当于在套管底端作用一个附加的轴向力和一个沿轴线均布的线载荷。对含有内压的两端封堵的细长管柱,内压对临界屈曲载荷没有影响。结果可供油井设计及作业参考。     

Buckling of thin-walled columns accounting for initial geometrical imperfections

The paper is devoted to the effect of some geometrical imperfections on the critical buckling load of axially compressed thin-walled I-columns. The analytical formulas for the critical torsional and flexural buckling loads accounting for the initial curvature of the column axis or the twist angle respectively are derived. The classical assumptions of theory of thin-walled beams with non-deformable cross-sections are adopted. The non-linear differential equations are derived and the critical buckling loads are approximated by means of the Galerkin’s method. Comparison of analytical results to numerical analysis of simply supported I-columns by means of finite element method (FEM) is provided. Moreover the analytical formulas is adapted to I-columns with lipped flanges and satisfactory agreement of analytical and numerical results of stability analysis is observed.     

In-plane buckling of prismatic funicular arches with shear deformations

The in-plane buckling behavior of funicular arches is investigated numerically in this paper. A finite strain Timoshenko beam-type formulation that incorporates shear deformations is developed for generic funicular arches. The elastic constitutive relationships for the internal beam actions are based on a hyperelastic constitutive model, and the funicular arch equilibrium equations are derived. The problems of a submerged arch under hydrostatic pressure, a parabolic arch under gravity load and a catenary arch loaded by overburden are investigated. Buckling solutions are derived for the parabolic and catenary arch. Subsequent investigation addresses the effects of axial deformation prior to buckling and shear deformation during buckling. An approximate buckling solution is then obtained based on the maximum axial force in the arch. The obtained buckling solutions are compared with the numerical solutions of Dinnik (Stability of arches, 1946) [1] and the finite element package ANSYS. The effects of shear deformation are also evaluated.     

On the lateral buckling of uniform slender cantilever beams

The general lateral buckling equation is developed for a uniform, slender cantilever beam with a load applied at the shear center of the end cross section. This equation is then specialized to include only the first order effect of the principal bending curvature revealing errors in previous first order analyses. These errors resulted from a failure to properly distinguish between the geometric and elastic angles of twist. The correct specialized equation is actually simpler than previously published equations and results in a buckling load formula noticeably different from formulas based on these earlier equations. This present buckling load formula is shown to compare favorably with a numerical solution of the general equation.     

Analysis of microbuckling for monomolecular layers adhering to a substrate

A two-dimensional linear spring model is established to study the microbuckling of a plane monomolecular layer adhering to a substrate. The model is for the layer subjected to a compressive load having an arbitrary angle with the chemical bond of the layer. The effects of the load angle, the strength of adhesion and the bending stiffness and shearing stiffness (the capability of resisting transverse bending and in-plane shearing) of the layer on the minimal buckling force and the critical buckling mode are discussed. It is found that the minimal buckling force increases with increasing load angle and, for a given bending stiffness, increases with increasing strength of adhesion and decreasing shearing stiffness. Furthermore, a critical condition under which the buckling of the layer can just occur is obtained, which is helpful to avoid buckling in an engineering application. The project supported by the National Distinguished Young Scientist Fund, Cheung Kong Scholars Programme, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10272082, 10172068) and Shanghai Postdoctoral Science Foundation     

SIMULATION OF TRANSVERSE VIBRATION OF SLENDER ROD STRING IN THE VERTICAL CYLINDER UNDER BUCKLING DISPLACEMENT EXCITATION1)

对于铅直圆筒内受交变拉压轴向载荷作用的细长杆柱,当杆柱底端所受到的轴向压力大于杆柱屈曲的临界载荷时,细长杆柱在圆筒内将产生螺旋屈曲,杆柱的屈曲变形将激励杆柱在圆筒内产生横向振动。以细长杆在圆筒内的瞬时屈曲构型作为杆柱横向振动的位移激励,建立了屈曲位移激励下的细长杆在圆筒内横向振动与杆管碰撞规律的仿真模型。采用有限差分法对井深进行离散,Newmark 法对时间进行离散,以恢复系数法建立了细长杆和圆筒的碰撞条件,对细长杆在圆筒内的横向振动数学模型进行了数值仿真。仿真结果表明,细长杆和圆筒内壁的碰撞现象主要发生在细长杆底端受压发生屈曲后,且几乎沿整个圆筒都有发生,从圆筒顶部至底部的碰撞力峰值逐渐增大;而在杆柱底端受拉时碰撞现象很少,碰撞力也较小。     

Small-scale effects on the buckling of quadrilateral nanoplates based on nonlocal elasticity theory using the Galerkin method

The elastic buckling behavior of quadrilateral single-layered graphene sheets (SLGS) under bi-axial compression is studied employing nonlocal continuum mechanics. Small-scale effects are taken into consideration. The principle of virtual work is employed to derive the governing equations. The Galerkin method in conjunction with the natural coordinates of the nanoplate is used as a basis for the analysis. The buckling load of skew, rhombic, trapezoidal, and rectangular nanoplates considering various geometrical parameters are obtained. It is shown that nonlocal effects are very important in arbitrary quadrilateral graphene sheets and their inclusion results in smaller buckling loads. Also the effects of geometrical parameters such as aspect ratio, angle, and mode number on the buckling load decrease when scale coefficient increases, for all arbitrary quadrilateral SLGS.     

考虑制作缺陷的变角度纤维复合材料层合板的屈曲

假设纤维方向角沿层合板的长度方向线性变化,研究含丝束重叠、间隙等制作缺陷的变角度纤维复合材料层合板的屈曲问题．采用ABAQUS 有限元软件建立层合板的有限元模型,选用S4 壳单元计算四边简支层合板在两端压缩荷载作用下的屈曲临界荷载及屈曲模态,并进行详细的参数分析．研究结果表明：当起始角相同时,含或不含制作缺陷的层合板的屈曲临界荷载均随着终止角的增大而逐渐提高,说明纤维的不同铺设方式对层合板的屈曲性能有很大影响．含重叠缺陷的层合板的屈曲临界荷载均大于不含缺陷层合板的值,而含间隙缺陷的层合板的屈曲临界荷载均小于不含缺陷层合板的值．当层合板的重叠、间隙缺陷共存且面积相等时,层合板的屈曲临界荷载与不含缺陷时层合板的值接近,制作缺陷对变角度纤维复合材料层合板屈曲模态的影响较小．本文研究结果可为含缺陷的变角度纤维复合材料层合板设计提供一定参考．