Degenerate weakly non-linear elastic plane waves

Weakly non-linear plane waves are considered in hyperelastic crystals. Evolution equations are derived at a quadratically non-linear level for the amplitudes of quasi-longitudinal and quasi-transverse waves propagating in arbitrary anisotropic media. The form of the equations obtained depends upon the direction of propagation relative to the crystal axes. A single equation is found for all propagation directions for quasi-longitudinal waves, but a pair of coupled equations occurs for quasi-transverse waves propagating along directions of degeneracy, or acoustic axes. The coupled equations involve four material parameters but they simplify if the wave propagates along an axis of material symmetry. Thus, only two parameters arise for propagation along an axis of twofold symmetry, and one for a threefold axis. The transverse wave equations decouple if the axis is fourfold or higher. In the absence of a symmetry axis it is possible that the evolution equations of the quasi-transverse waves decouple if the third-order elastic moduli satisfy a certain identity. The theoretical results are illustrated with explicit examples.     

Rayleigh waves in anisotropic porous media and the polarization vector method

In this paper, the propagation of Rayleigh waves in orthotropic non-viscous fluid-saturated porous half-spaces with sealed surface-pores and with impervious surface is investigated. The main aim of the investigation is to derive explicit secular equations and based on them to examine the effect of the material parameters and the boundary conditions on the propagation of Rayleigh waves. By employing the method of polarization vector the explicit secular equations have been derived. These equations recover the ones corresponding to Rayleigh waves propagating in purely elastic half-spaces. It is shown from numerical examples that the Rayleigh wave velocity depends strongly on the porosity, the elastic constants, the anisotropy, the boundary conditions and it differs considerably from the one corresponding to purely elastic half-spaces. Remarkably, in the fluid saturated porous half-spaces, Rayleigh waves may travel with a larger velocity than that of the shear wave, a fact that is impossible for the purely elastic half-spaces.     

Rayleigh-type wave propagation in incompressible visco-elastic media under initial stress

Propagation of Rayleigh-type surface waves in an incompressible visco-elastic material over incompressible visco-elastic semi-infinite media under the effect of initial stresses is discussed. The dispersion equation is determined to study the effect of different types of parameters such as inhomogeneity, initial stress, wave number, phase velocity, damping factor, visco-elasticity, and incompressibility on the Rayleigh-type wave propagation. It is found that the affecting parameters have a significant effect on the wave propagation. Cardano’s and Ferrari’s methods are deployed to estimate the roots of differential equations associated with layer and semi-infinite media. The MATHEMATICA software is applied to explicate the effect of these parameters graphically.     

The dynamic behaviour of a piezoelectric actuator bonded to an anisotropic elastic medium

Surface-bonded piezoelectric actuators can be used to generate elastic waves for monitoring damages of composite materials. This paper provides an analytical and numerical study to simulate wave propagation in an anisotropic medium induced by surface-bonded piezocermic actuators under high-frequency electric loads. Based on a one-dimensional actuator model, the dynamic load transfer between a piezoceramic actuator and an anisotropic elastic medium under in-plane mechanical and electrical loading is obtained. The wave propagation induced by the surface-bonded actuator is also studied in detail by using Fourier transform technique and solving the resulting integral equations in terms of the interfacial shear stress. Typical examples are provided to show effects of the geometry, the material combination, the loading frequency and the material anisotropy of the composite upon the load transfer and the resulting wave propagation.     

Fully non-linear wave models in fiber-reinforced anisotropic incompressible hyperelastic solids

Many composite materials, including biological tissues, are modeled as non-linear elastic materials reinforced with elastic fibers. In the current paper, the full set of dynamic equations for finite deformations of incompressible hyperelastic solids containing a single fiber family are considered. Finite-amplitude wave propagation ansätze compatible with the incompressibility condition are employed for a generic fiber family orientation. Corresponding non-linear and linear wave equations are derived. It is shown that for a certain class of constitutive relations, the fiber contribution vanishes when the displacement is independent of the fiber direction.Point symmetries of the derived wave models are classified with respect to the material parameters and the angle between the fibers and the wave propagation direction. For planar shear waves in materials with a strong fiber contribution, a special wave propagation direction is found for which the non-linear wave equations admit an additional symmetry group. Examples of exact time-dependent solutions are provided in several physical situations, including the evolution of pre-strained configurations and traveling waves.     

Parametric identification of crystals having a cubic lattice with negative Poisson’s ratios

A two-dimensional model of an anisotropic crystalline material with cubic symmetry is considered. This model consists of a square lattice of round rigid particles, each possessing two translational and one rotational degree of freedom. Differential equations that describe propagation of elastic and rotational waves in such a medium are derived. A relationship between three groups of parameters is found: second-order elastic constants, acoustic wave velocities, and microstructure parameters. Values of the microstructure parameters of the considered anisotropic material at which its Poisson’s ratios become negative are found.     

Averaged equations and wave jumps describing the propagation of stokes waves with slowly varying parameters

The equations describing the stationary envelope of periodic waves on the surface of a liquid of constant or variable depth are investigated. Methods previously used for investigating the propagation of solitons [1–5] are extended to the case of periodic waves. The equations considered are derived from the cubic Schrödinger equation assuming slow variation of the wave parameters. In using these equations it is sometimes necessary to introduce wave jumps. By analogy with the soliton case a wave jump theory in accordance with which the jumps are interpreted as three-wave resonant interactions is considered. The problems of Mach reflection from a vertical wall and the decay of an arbitrary wave jump are solved. In order to provide a basis for the theory solutions describing the interaction of two waves over a horizontal bottom are investigated. The averaging method [6] is used to derive systems of equations describing the propagation of one or two interacting wave's on the surface of a liquid of constant or variable depth. These systems have steady-state solutions and can be written in divergence form.The author wishes to thank A. G. Kulikovskii and A. A. Barmin for useful discussions.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 5, pp. 113–121, September–October, 1989.     

Solitary waves in a peridynamic elastic solid

The propagation of large amplitude nonlinear waves in a peridynamic solid is analyzed. With an elastic material model that hardens in compression, sufficiently large wave pulses propagate as solitary waves whose velocity can far exceed the linear wave speed. In spite of their large velocity and amplitude, these waves leave the material they pass through with no net change in velocity and stress. They are nondissipative and nondispersive, and they travel unchanged over large distances. An approximate solution for solitary waves is derived that reproduces the main features of these waves observed in computational simulations. It is demonstrated by numerical studies that the waves interact only weakly with each other when they collide. Wavetrains composed of many non-interacting solitary waves are found to form and propagate under certain boundary and initial conditions.     

Waves in Nonlocal Elastic Solid with Voids

In this paper, the governing relations and equations are derived for nonlocal elastic solid with voids. The propagation of time harmonic plane waves is investigated in an infinite nonlocal elastic solid material with voids. It has been found that three basic waves consisting of two sets of coupled longitudinal waves and one independent transverse wave may travel with distinct speeds. The sets of coupled waves are found to be dispersive, attenuating and influenced by the presence of voids and nonlocality parameters in the medium. The transverse wave is dispersive but non-attenuating, influenced by the nonlocality and independent of void parameters. Furthermore, the transverse wave is found to face critical frequency, while the coupled waves may face critical frequencies conditionally. Beyond each critical frequency, the respective wave is no more a propagating wave. Reflection phenomenon of an incident coupled longitudinal waves from stress-free boundary surface of a nonlocal elastic solid half-space with voids has also been studied. Using appropriate boundary conditions, the formulae for various reflection coefficients and their respective energy ratios are presented. For a particular model, the effects of non-locality and dissipation parameter (\(\tau \)) have been depicted on phase speeds and attenuation coefficients of propagating waves. The effect of nonlocality on reflection coefficients has also been observed and shown graphically.     

Wave propagation in an orthotropic micropolar elastic solid

Two-dimensional plane wave propagation in an orthotropic micropolar elastic solid is studied. There exist three types of coupled waves in xy-plane, whose velocities depend upon the angle of propagation and material parameters. A problem on reflection of these plane waves from a stress-free boundary is considered. The reflection coefficients of various reflected waves are computed numerically for a particular model of the solid. The effects of anisotropy upon the velocities and reflection coefficients are depicted graphically for different angles of propagation.     

轴向应力波作用下圆柱壳塑性轴对称动力屈曲

运用有限元特征值分析方法对应力波作用下圆柱壳塑性轴对称动力失稳问题进行了研究。基于应力波理论和相邻平衡准则导出了圆柱壳轴对称动力失稳时的特征方程,在分析中同时考虑了应力波效应及横向惯性效应,把圆柱壳塑性动力失稳问题归结为特征值问题。通过引入圆柱壳动力失稳时的波前约束条件实现了此类问题的有限元特征值解法。计算结果揭示了圆柱壳塑性轴对称动力屈曲变形发展的机理,以及轴向应力波和屈曲变形的相互作用规律。     

Propagation of waves in the transversely isotropic thermoelastic Green-Naghdi type II and type III medium

The article is presented to enhance our knowledge about the propagation of the Rayleigh-Lamb waves in the layer of a transversely isotropic medium in the context of thermoelastic model of GN type II and type III. Secular equations for symmetric and skew-symmetric modes of wave propagation in completely separate terms are derived. Amplitudes of displacements and temperature distributions are also obtained. Finally, a numerical solution is found for cobalt as a medium material, and dispersion curves, amplitudes of displacements, and temperature distributions for symmetric and skew-symmetric wave modes are presented. Some particular cases are also deduced.     

Dispersion characteristics of wave propagation in layered piezoelectric structures: Exact and simplified models

This article presents a study of the dispersion characteristics of wave propagation in layered piezoelectric structures under plane strain and open-loop conditions. The exact dispersion relation is first determined based on an electro-elastodynamic analysis. The dispersion equation is complicated and can be solved only by numerical methods. Since the piezoelectric layer is very thin and can be modeled as an electro-elastic film, a simplified model of the piezoelectric layer reduces this complex problem to a non-trivial solution of a series of quadratic equations of wave numbers. The model is simple, yet captures the main phenomena of wave propagation. This model determines the dispersion curves of PZT4-Aluminum layered structures and identifies the two lowest modes of waves: the generalized longitudinal mode and the generalized Rayleigh mode. The model is validated by comparing with exact solutions, indicating that the results are accurate when the thickness of the layer is smaller or comparable to the typical wavelength. The effect of the piezoelectricity is examined, showing a significant influence on the generalized longitudinal wave but a very limited effect on the generalized Rayleigh wave. Typical examples are provided to illustrate the wave modes and the effects of layer thickness in the simplified model and the effects of the material combinations.     

Simple waves in general elastic materials

The general theory of simple waves in Green-elastic and Cauchy-elastic materials is given. Such waves generate three-dimensional unsteady deformations. Boundary conditions producing such waves are derived together with conditions under which shocks occur. The theory is used to illustrate conditions behind acceleration fronts moving into homogeneously deformed regions and also the modes of propagation of fronts moving into a simple wave. The steady flow of an elastic material past a rigid developable surface is discussed. Simple waves which are principal waves are also discussed.     

Propagation and Evolution of Wave Fronts in Two-Phase Porous Media

An investigation is made into the propagation and evolution of wave fronts in a porous medium which is intended to contain two phases: the porous solid, referred to as the skeleton, and the fluid within the interconnected pores formed by the skeleton. In particular, the microscopic density of each real material is assumed to be unchangeable, while the macroscopic density of each phase may change, associated with the volume fractions. A two-phase porous medium model is concisely introduced based on the work by de Boer. Propagation conditions and amplitude evolution of the discontinuity waves are presented by use of the idea of surfaces of discontinuity, where the wave front is treated as a surface of discontinuity. It is demonstrated that the saturation condition entails certain restrictions between the amplitudes of the longitudinal waves in the solid and fluid phases. Two propagation velocities are attained upon examining the existence of the discontinuity waves. It is found that a completely coupled longitudinal wave and a pure transverse wave are realizable in the two-phase porous medium. The discontinuity strength of the pore-pressure may be determined by the amplitude of the coupled longitudinal wave. In the case of homogeneous weak discontinuities, explicit evolution equations of the amplitudes for two types of discontinuity waves are derived.     

Dynamic analysis of thick short length FGM cylinders

In this paper a thick short length hollow cylinder made of functionally graded materials (FGMs) under internal impact loading is considered. The inner surface of the cylinder is pure ceramic, the outer surface is pure metal, and the material composition varies continuously along its thickness. Finite Element Method based on Rayleigh-Ritz energy formulation has been applied to study the propagation of elastic waves in FG thick hollow cylinders. The Newmark direct integration method is applied to solve the time dependent equations. The time histories of displacements, stresses, wave propagation in two directions and velocities of radial stress wave propagation for various values of volume fraction exponent have been investigated. Also by using fast Fourier transform, the first natural frequencies for FG cylinders with simply-simply and clamped-clamped ends conditions are illustrated. The model has been compared with result of a plane strain FG thick hollow cylinder which is subjected to an internal impact loading, and it shows very good agreement.     

Shock wave propagation through a model one dimensional heterogeneous medium

We study the problem of impact-induced shock wave propagation through a model one-dimensional heterogeneous medium. This medium is made of a model material with spatially varying parameters such that it is heterogeneous to shock waves but homogeneous to elastic waves. Using the jump conditions and maximal dissipation criteria, we obtain the exact solution to the shock propagation problem. We use it to study how the nature of the heterogeneity changes material response, the structure of the shock front and the dissipation.     

热冲击下物性与温度相关性对热弹性响应的渐进分析

计及材料物性与温度的相关性,基于Green-Naghdi能量无耗散广义热弹性理论(G-N II理论),对热冲击下具有变物性特征材料的热弹性响应进行了求解分析。借助Laplace正、反变换技术以及Krichhoff变换,在热物性参数随真实温度呈线性规律的前提下,推导了半无限大体受热冲击作用时热弹性响应的解析表达式,通过求解分析,得到了热冲击下热波、热弹性波的传播规律,位移场、温度场以及应力场的分布情况,以及物性随温度相关性对热弹性响应的影响效果。结果表明：当考虑材料物性随温度的变化时,热波、热弹性波的传播以及各物理场的分布均受到不同程度的影响,且物性随温度相关性对热弹性响应的作用效果将受到材料热-力耦合特性的影响。