平面刚架弹塑性大位移分析的多刚体离散元法

本文基于多刚体－弹簧系统模型，给出了求解平面刚架结构弹塑性、大位移极限承载力分析的多刚体离散元法。文中首先推导了多刚体离散元法在总体坐标下的切线刚度阵，建立多刚体元法的增量平衡方程。     

多刚体离散化方法在杆梁结构的屈曲与后屈曲分析中的应用

提出了杆梁结构的多刚体弹簧。铰链系统的离散化模型，推导了求解杆梁结构屈曲时的临界力与失稳曲线的多刚体模型的屈曲特征方程及后屈曲平衡方程。最后，给出了几个算例，并与分析解进行了比较，说明了该方法的有效性与优越性。     

求解钢压杆极限承载力的有限条塑性系数增量初应力法

本文提出了有限条塑性系数增量初应力法，用于分析钢压杆的弹塑性稳定极限承载力，该法采用分级加载，用有限条法建立结构的增量平衡方程；在塑性范围，引入截面的塑性系数对弹性刚度进行折减得到结构的弹性刚度矩阵；用修正的Ｎｅｗｔｏ－Ｒａｐｈｓｏｎ方法迭代求解，数值结果表明，本法效率较高，与钢压杆试验结果吻合良好，可以考虑残余应力和载荷偏心的影响，可望实现大型超静定结构的极限载力分析。     

刚体弹簧元法对钢筋混凝土悬臂梁剪切破坏尺寸效应的模拟应用

为了研究刚体弹簧元法对钢筋混凝土构件在循环往复荷载作用下剪切性能尺寸效应研究的适用性与准确性,在平面二维刚体弹簧元模型的基础上,将其发展至三维,并应用于钢筋混凝土悬臂梁尺寸效应研究中。通过对比试验结果与数值模拟结果,分析了钢筋混凝土悬臂梁在循环往复荷载下的滞回性能、开裂变形等特征。结果表明:三维刚体弹簧元法能够较好地模拟不同尺寸的钢筋混凝土悬臂梁在循环往复荷载下的剪切性能,模拟得到的承载力、延性变形等和已有文献试验结果基本相符;循环往复荷载作用下的钢筋混凝土悬臂梁表现出明显的尺寸效应。     

冷弯薄壁槽形截面钢柱的优化设计

求解冷弯开口薄壁截面短柱的极限承载力是一个板组结构的大挠度弹塑性分析问题，板件之间相互作用和纵向面内加载方式对其局部屈曲后性能和稳定极限承载力有很大的影响。本文应用大挠度弹塑性有限条分析方法系统地研究了冷弯薄壁槽形截面柱的极限承载能力和它们的优化性能，并对荷载偏心距为常数和位移梯度为常数的两种加载条件下的薄壁开口短柱局部屈曲后性能和极限承载力进行了对比分析和探讨。     

结构节点模型的“弗晰”精化处理

为了使结构分析模型好地逼近实际结构,本文基于模糊数学的隶属度概念,提出了刚体位移与弹性体位移之间的“模糊位移”的概念,以转角位移为例研究了弹簧实现“模糊转角”的方案,推导了相应的单元刚度阵,建议了隶属度与弹簧刚度之间的映射关系。平面框架结构数值实验表明,本文提出的概念和方法有利于更好地使用有限元程序,建立结构分析的数学模型,进一步逼近复杂的工程结构。     

混凝土楔入劈拉和三点弯曲断裂过程的细观数值模拟Mesoscale simulation on fracture process of wedge splitting and three-point bending of concrete

基于离散元思想和Voronoi单元划分技术,利用混凝土细观刚体弹簧元模型,开展了混凝土楔入劈拉试件和三点弯曲切口梁的断裂过程数值仿真分析。从裂缝开展过程、试件破坏形态、荷载-张口位移曲线(P-CMOD)和断裂能等方面,将数值分析结果与已有的试验结果进行了对比。结果表明,细观刚体弹簧元法较准确地模拟了混凝土楔入劈拉试件和三点弯曲切口梁断裂过程。最后,分析了缝高比和骨料体积含量对混凝土断裂过程的影响规律,发现断裂能随骨料体积含量呈单调递增趋势。     

混凝土楔入劈拉和三点弯曲断裂过程的细观数值模拟

基于离散元思想和Voronoi单元划分技术,利用混凝土细观刚体弹簧元模型,开展了混凝土楔入劈拉试件和三点弯曲切口梁的断裂过程数值仿真分析。从裂缝开展过程、试件破坏形态、荷载-张口位移曲线(P-CMOD)和断裂能等方面,将数值分析结果与已有的试验结果进行了对比。结果表明,细观刚体弹簧元法较准确地模拟了混凝土楔入劈拉试件和三点弯曲切口梁断裂过程。最后,分析了缝高比和骨料体积含量对混凝土断裂过程的影响规律,发现断裂能随骨料体积含量呈单调递增趋势。     

离散元法研究的评述

介绍了离散元法的基本理论、计算方法及其应用的现状和最新进展.从离散元法的离散模型 特点及便于甄别与其它数值计算方法的关系的角度给予离散元法一个比较宽松的定义.在此 基础上阐明了离散元方法与刚体-弹簧模型(rigid body spring model, RBSM)方法,不连续 变形分析(discontinuous deformation analysis, DDA)方法,分子动力学(molecular dynamics, MD)方法,三维离散元(discrete meso-element dynamic method, DM$^2$)方法及无 网格方法(meshless method)等数值计算方法的关系, 并讨论了离散元法研究中亟待解决的 问题和今后的发展方向.     

平面弹性力学问题的离散元法

根据离散元的基本原理,基于变形体的理论提出了适用于平面弹性力学问题的界面位移、应变和应力模式,建立了求解平面弹性力学问题的离散元方程和相应的迭代求解方法.通过界面位移可以简洁地将位移和力的边界条件引入离散系统的控制方程,也可以方便地求解节点位移.数值算例表明,与具有相同网格的有限元结果相比,离散元能同时给出精度相对较高的应力解和精度相当的位移解.     

弹塑性板壳结构非线性有限元分析

本文根据塑性流动理论的基本公式，由隐式积分导出了与路径无关的变量更新算法和一致切线模量。采用单元广义应力应变直接离散塑性流动定律，构造了杂交应力单元一致切线刚度矩阵的显式表达式，编制了结构有限元程序ＳＡＦＥ，数值算例表明：本文的计算方法和计算程序是正确可靠的，可用于弹塑性板壳结构的非线性分析，计算结果屈曲临界载荷和极限承载能力。     

采用共旋应变的三维热弹塑性有限变形有限元法

本文采用线性化共旋应变张量和增率型虚功原理，建立了有限变形热力耦合弹塑性有限元法。在该方法中，材料的流动应力取为应变总量、应变速率和温度的函数，推导了包含这种函数关系的本构矩阵。另外在温度场分析中，考虑了塑性功和摩擦功转化的热量。文后给出的算例表明该方法可以很好地模拟热加工过程。     

一般加载规律的弹塑性本构关系

将有关文献给出一般加载规律一维全量理论的简单模型推广到一般加载规律的一维增量理论,进而推广到一般加载规律的多维增量理论,在此基础上,建立了推导一般加载规律的多维增量理论的本构关系的一种途径。应用这种途径,从应力空间的加载函数和应变空间的加载函数出发,推导了等向强化材料和被加热的等向强化材料的一般加载规律的弹塑性本构关系的两种表示形式。理论和实例均表明,这种途径对等向强化材料、随动强化材料和理想弹塑性材料均适用。     

J-integral and crack driving force in elastic–plastic materials

This paper discusses the crack driving force in elastic–plastic materials, with particular emphasis on incremental plasticity. Using the configurational forces approach we identify a “plasticity influence term” that describes crack tip shielding or anti-shielding due to plastic deformation in the body. Standard constitutive models for finite strain as well as small strain incremental plasticity are used to obtain explicit expressions for the plasticity influence term in a two-dimensional setting. The total dissipation in the body is related to the near-tip and far-field J-integrals and the plasticity influence term. In the special case of deformation plasticity the plasticity influence term vanishes identically whereas for rigid plasticity and elastic-ideal plasticity the crack driving force vanishes. For steady state crack growth in incremental elastic–plastic materials, the plasticity influence term is equal to the negative of the plastic work per unit crack extension and the total dissipation in the body due to crack propagation and plastic deformation is determined by the far-field J-integral. For non-steady state crack growth, the plasticity influence term can be evaluated by post-processing after a conventional finite element stress analysis. Theory and computations are applied to a stationary crack in a C(T)-specimen to examine the effects of contained, uncontained and general yielding. A novel method is proposed for evaluating J-integrals under incremental plasticity conditions through the configurational body force. The incremental plasticity near-tip and far-field J-integrals are compared to conventional deformational plasticity and experimental J-integrals.     

一般壳体结构大位移和大应变弹塑性有限元分析与损伤力学的某些应用

离散的Kirchhoff理论三角形单元对一般壳体结构的分析是十分可靠的和有效的，本文将推广此种单元去分析壳体结构的大位移大应变弹塑性响应，校正的拉格朗日增量的Jaumann应力公式和塑性损伤相耦合的塑性流动本构关系已应用于列式中，在对带环向裂纹和环向槽受四点弯曲载荷的圆醉壳的分析中，显示了和实验结果符合一致，且说明了与塑性损伤相耦合的大应变弹塑性分析无论在宏观水平上或微观水平上都能显示比断裂力学方法更符合实际的结果。     

A viscoplastic strain gradient analysis of materials with voids or inclusions

A finite strain viscoplastic nonlocal plasticity model is formulated and implemented numerically within a finite element framework. The model is a viscoplastic generalisation of the finite strain generalisation by Niordson and Redanz (2004) [Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 52, 2431–2454] of the strain gradient plasticity theory proposed by Fleck and Hutchinson (2001) [Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 49, 2245–2271]. The formulation is based on a viscoplastic potential that enables the formulation of the model so that it reduces to the strain gradient plasticity theory in the absence of viscous effects. The numerical implementation uses increments of the effective plastic strain rate as degrees of freedom in addition to increments of displacement. To illustrate predictions of the model, results are presented for materials containing either voids or rigid inclusions. It is shown how the model predicts increased overall yield strength, as compared to conventional predictions, when voids or inclusions are in the micron range. Furthermore, it is illustrated how the higher order boundary conditions at the interface between inclusions and matrix material are important to the overall yield strength as well as the material hardening.     

A new analytical model for the elastic–plastic behaviour of spot welded joints subjected to orthogonal load

An analytical procedure for the evaluation of the elastic–plastic stiffness behaviour of spot welded joints is presented. The procedure is based on a new model of spot weld region: a circular plate having variable thickness with a central rigid nugget, which is resolved using an original analytical method.The closed-form solution allows to describe the displacement of a rigid nugget when an axial orthogonal load is applied on the plate while plasticity and large deflections are present. The goal is to reach a reliable spot weld region model which can be used as the basis to develop a spot weld element in FE analysis even when plasticity and large deflections are in effect.The procedure is as completely original as no other can be found in the technical literature, and it has been applied to some examples of plates usually employed for spot weld analysis. The analytical results obtained by using the new general relations precisely match those obtained modelling spot weld area by FEA.