GNSS辅助捷联惯导行进间对准自适应滤波方法

针对车载武器系统快速发射需求,提出一种基于GNSS辅助的捷联惯导行进间对准自适应滤波方法。该方法把行进间传递对准分为粗对准与精对准两个阶段。粗对准阶段以GNSS为观测基准完成对捷联惯导姿态的粗捕获,降低初始偏差不确定性对于精对准阶段的影响。在精对准阶段,考虑到车载系统的运动特性,提出一种"水平+方位"行进间对准双滤波器并行的设计思路,利用车载系统在不同时间段的动力学特性,对三轴姿态估计进行分时解耦,实现初始姿态的高精度估计;与此同时,引入协方差成形自适应调节过程,以最小化Frobenius范数为优化指标,实现对行进间对准卡尔曼滤波器的自适应调节,增强系统鲁棒性。数值仿真表明,协方差成形自适应卡尔曼滤波方法能够有效保证系统在全运动剖面内的稳定,结合双滤波器并行方案能够有效解决行进间对准精度不高与稳定性欠佳等问题,水平对准精度优于1.5′(1σ),方位对准精度优于6′(1σ)。     

基于罗德里格参数的线性最优估计自对准

针对车载捷联惯导系统怠速条件下的初始对准问题,提出了一种基于罗德里格参数的线性最优估计自对准算法。利用姿态阵分解和凯莱变换,将任意姿态下的无初值初始对准问题简化为罗德里格参数的无约束线性最优估计问题。讨论了算法的有效性,推导了算法的对准误差公式,并设计了一种简洁的工程实现方案。利用车载捷联惯导系统进行了四位置对准试验,每个位置对准六次,结果表明,在发动机振动及外界随机扰动下,新算法可以在5 min内完成对准,统计方位均方差(1σ)不超过3′。     

基于多项式拟合的抗扰动纬度估计和粗对准方法

针对纬度未知条件下捷联惯导系统(SINS)扰动基座下初始对准问题,提出了基于惯性系比力积分及多项式拟合的纬度估计与粗对准算法。首先,基于惯性系和姿态阵链式分解,隔离角晃动;其次,通过比力积分,平滑高频线运动干扰和加速度计噪声;最后,对比力积分进行以时间为自变量的三次多项式拟合,进一步抑制线运动干扰,同时根据拟合参数实现纬度估计和粗对准。转台摇摆对准实验结果表明,高精度光纤捷联惯导系统采用该算法可以在1 min内实现纬度估计和粗对准,纬度估计精度优于0.2°(RMS),以静基座对准后姿态保持结果作为摇摆状态姿态参考时,水平姿态角相对偏差小于0.001°(RMS),航向角相对偏差不大于0.07°(RMS),可满足粗对准工程应用的快速性和精度要求。     

基于GPS的弹载捷联惯导动基座传递对准技术

针对载机未装备主惯导系统的弹载捷联惯导初始对准问题,提出了一种基于机载GPS信息的动基座传递对准算法。首先利用惯性凝固思想设计了基于比力积分和GPS速度信息的惯性系粗对准算法,粗略估计弹载惯导的初始姿态;然后通过分析惯导系统在惯性系下的导航误差方程,设计了基于GPS信息的"速度+位置"匹配卡尔曼滤波精对准算法,对粗对准误差做进一步估计补偿。车载试验结果为:与车载激光捷联惯导输出相比,水平和方位对准精度分别为6’和18’。试验验证了该算法的有效性,为未装备机载主惯导的弹载捷联惯导的快速初始化提供了工程应用参考。     

基于矩阵卡尔曼滤波的捷联惯导初始对准算法

针对捷联惯导系统大失准角晃动基座条件下的初始对准问题,提出了一种基于矩阵卡尔曼滤波的抗干扰自对准算法。该方法将传统大失准角非线性对准问题,简化为确定初始时刻姿态的线性矩阵卡尔曼滤波估计问题。借鉴惯性系REQUEST算法,将重力矢量在惯性系下的投影作为量测,利用K矩阵在对准过程中为常值特性,以其作为待估计的状态可避免系统模型误差和初始误差的影响,同时避免了传统方法对失准角大、小的假设,也不再区分粗、精对准过程,适用于任意姿态、无初值条件下的对准。在发动机振动及外界扰动条件下进行了四个方位的对准试验,试验表明,对于导航级惯导系统,算法可在5 min内完成初始对准且统计方位均方差小于3'(1σ),略优于传统算法。     

一种单轴旋转捷联惯导系统抗晃动快速自对准方法

为满足对惯导系统的快速反应和高精度要求,针对单轴旋转捷联惯导系统,提出了一种抗晃动快速自对准方法。在捷联惯导单轴往复旋转的基础上,首先采用一种抗晃动基座粗对准方法完成初始航姿的计算,然后在粗对准的基础上,采用一种惯性系下速度为观测量的闭环Kalman滤波方法完成精对准。实际车载试验验证表明,在总对准时间不大于300 s的情况下,该方法下系统航向对准精度优于1′/cos(RMS),水平对准精度优于0.2′(RMS)。该方法算法简单,计算量小,应用于单轴旋转捷联惯导系统时对准速度快,精度高,具有很好的工程应用价值。     

基于四元数卡尔曼滤波的捷联惯导初始对准算法

针对晃动基座捷联惯导初始对准问题,研究了一种具有干扰抑制能力的初始对准算法。根据重力矢量在惯性空间投影构成一包含地球北向信息的旋转锥面的现象,利用坐标系惯性凝固假设将重力量测矢量和参考矢量分别投影到载体惯性坐标系和导航惯性坐标系,将晃动基座条件下的初始对准转化为基于重力量测矢量确定对准起始时刻的姿态问题。借鉴四元数线性伪量测方程的概念,利用重力投影矢量与初始姿态四元数的线性量测关系实现初始姿态四元数的直接滤波估计。初始姿态四元数在对准过程中为常值,以其作为待估计的状态可避免系统模型误差和初始误差的影响。利用转台模拟不同的摇摆对准环境,导航级惯导系统可在10 min内完成初始对准且方位误差小于3’。     

捷联惯导基于星体跟踪器的高精度初始对准算法

捷联惯导与小视场星体跟踪器构成惯性/天文组合导航系统,导航精度受导航初始误差和器件误差的综合影响。基于此,提出一种捷联惯导与小视场星体跟踪器相组合的初始对准算法,对导航初始姿态误差和惯性器件误差进行估计修正。捷联惯导初始对准过程完成之后,在地面准静基座条件下做速度和位置阻尼条件下的惯导更新解算,利用捷联惯导系统的速度误差量测及小视场星体跟踪器的导航误差角测量量,设计组合粗对准算法和组合精对准算法,用于对捷联惯导系统的初始对准误差和惯性器件误差做进一步有效估计。仿真结果表明:对中等精度导航级捷联惯导系统,组合对准后水平姿态精度可提高到2’’,方位精度可提高到5’’。     

一种车载捷联惯导行进间QUEST优化粗对准算法

针对车载捷联惯导的传统动基座对准方法精度较低及环境适应性较差的问题,提出了一种基于QUEST的行进间粗对准优化算法。首先使用姿态矩阵分解的方法,得到不同参考系下对重力矢量的观测值。然后分析不同环境对于对准算法的影响,利用优化的QUEST算法,对不同时刻的重力矢量信息进行分析,基于误差信息对权重值大小进行合理分配,提高算法稳定性。实时估计车载体姿态、速度、位置,并反馈到下一次计算中去,形成闭环,提高粗对准精度。仿真和车载实验表明,该算法能够实现车辆行进过程中的姿态粗对准,多组实验下航向角误差在150 s内可达到±2°以内。     

一种动基座传递对准算法性能评估的工程方法

在东北天地理坐标系下,推导了捷联惯导动基座传递对准模型.在此基础上,提出了一种在不具备精确标定设备的试验条件下,进行动基座传递对准算法性能评估的工程方法.该方法基于安装误差角滤波估计结果,对子惯导的初始姿态进行修正,并重新进行子惯导的导航解算;通过比较初始姿态修正前后子惯导的导航误差,对传递对准算法的性能进行定性分析.基于试验数据的处理结果表明,所建立的对准模型和采用的对准算法性能评估方法具有重要的工程应用价值.     

Preface: Current research progress on mechanics of high speed rail

The construction and operation of high-speed rail（HSR）grid within the past two decades in China,in terms of the scale,may be possibly comparable to any national-wide construction in the history of China,even the Great Wall.By counting railways with commercial train service at the speed of200 km/h,China has the world’s longest HSR network with over 19 369.8 km of track in service today and this number     

ACTA MECHANICA SINICA 2014 ANNUAL SUBJECT INDEX

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人造地震动合成中的位移误差分析

三角函数级数法是合成人工地震动常用算法之一,但是通过对加速度积分求取位移时,却存在与零线漂移相类似的位移漂移现象。     

Hermitian space-time finite elements for estuarine mass transport

Space-time finite element solutions of the convection–dispersion equation using higher-order nodal continuity and Hermitian polynomial shape functions are described. Five separate elements ranging from a complete linear element with C^0,0 nodal continuity to a complete first-order Hermitian element with C^1,1 nodal continuity are subjected to detailed analysis. Wave deformation analyses identify the source of leading or trailing edge oscillations, trailing edge oscillations being the major source of difficulty. These observations are confirmed by numerical experiments which further demonstrate the potential of higher-order nodal continuity. The performance of the complete first-order Hermitian element is quite satisfactory and measurably superior to the linear element.     

Rainwater rivulets on a cable subject to windFilets d'eau de pluie sur un câble soumis au vent

Rainwater rivulets appear on inclined cables of cable-stayed bridges when wind and rain occur simultaneously. In a restricted range of parameters this is known to cause vibrations of high amplitudes on the cable. The mechanism underlying this effect is still under debate but the role of rainwater rivulets is certain. We use a standard lubrication model to analyse the dynamics of a water film on a cylinder under the effect of gravity and wind load. A simple criterion is then proposed for the appearance and position of rivulets, where the Froude number is the control parameter. Experiments with several geometries of cylinder covered with water in a wind tunnel show the evolution of the rivulets with the Froude number. Comparison of the prediction by the model with these experimental data shows that the main mechanism of rivulet formation and positioning is captured. To cite this article: C. Lemaitre et al., C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Cristallisation par onde acoustique : le cas de l'héliumCrystallization by acoustic waves: the case of helium

We establish a theoretical model to explain the nucleation of a crystal of helium by an acoustic over-pressure. We explain the interfacial laws for this ultra-fast cristallization, close to the sound speed. Assuming spherical symmetry and taking into account the experimental data, we recover the dynamics of the growth and melting during an over-pressure impulse. To cite this article: M. Ben Amar et al., C. R. Mecanique 331 (2003).     

Structure initiale et propriétés de liquéfaction statique d'un sableInitial structure and static liquefaction properties of sand.

Based on the use of two different preparation procedures for reconstituting triaxial samples of sand, i.e. wet tamping and dry pluviation, significant differences in associated mechanical behaviour are observed on a reference sand with respect to the phenomenon of ‘static’ liquefaction. Wet tamping favours the initiation of liquefaction instability, whereas dry pluviation favours a more stable behaviour, less susceptible to liquefaction. Microscopic observation of corresponding sand specimens allows us to identify two well differentiated structures, i.e., for wet tamping, an irregular structure with predominance of aggregates (aggregated grains) and macropores, very contractant and unstable and, for dry pluviation, a more regular structure, without macropores, more dilatant and more stable. These observations show the importance of further characterization, based on the introduction of appropriate parameters, of the initial structure of sandy materials, strongly dependant upon their mode of formation (natural or artificial). To cite this article: N. Benahmed et al., C. R. Mecanique 332 (2004).     

INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Contributions： The Journal, Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, is pleased to receive papers from engineers and scientists working in various aspects of solid mechanics. All contributions are subject to critical review prior to acceptance and publication.     

The 7th International Conference on Fluid Mechanics May 24-27,2015,Qingdao,China

正http://www.icfm7.org First Announcement and Call for PapersThe objective of International Conference on Fluid Mechanics(ICFM)is to provide a forum for researchers to exchange new ideas and recent advances in the fields of theoretical,experimental,computational Fluid Mechanics as well as interdisciplinary subjects.It was successfully convened by the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics(CSTAM)in Beijing(1987,