粘弹复合结构特征问题的迭代算法

本文研究由弹性材料和粘弹性材料构成复合结构的动力学问题。引入耗散位移概述，将复合材料的动力学方程变换为状态方程，进一步研究了状态方程特征解的性质。为了求复合结构的模态参数，定义了复合结构的保守粘性结构的概念，提出了计算复合结构特值问题的一个实用算法。最后讨论了复合结构的动力响应。     

孔结构金属复合夹芯板抗爆炸冲击响应及吸能特性研究

采用有限元方法研究爆炸载荷下四边固支孔结构金属复合夹芯板的动力响应及吸能特性,给出了孔结构金属复合夹芯板的动力响应过程,得到夹芯板的变形模式,比较了孔结构金属复合夹芯板与非孔结构金属复合夹芯板的抗爆炸冲击性能,同时讨论了孔大小、间距、排布方式和面板质量分布等因素对孔结构金属复合夹芯板抗爆炸冲击性能的影响。研究结果表明,迎爆面外面板的孔设计使爆炸冲击波穿过孔洞直接作用在芯材上,增强了芯材的压缩,从而提高了夹芯板的能量吸收能力。同等面密度情况下,内外面板厚度比大于1的孔结构金属复合夹芯板变形挠度小于内外面板厚度比小于1的孔结构金属复合夹芯板。进一步研究发现,通过合理设计内外面板的质量分布,可以使孔结构金属复合夹芯板的抗爆炸冲击性能最优。     

复合结构振动分析的数值方法

本文提出了弹性-粘弹性复合结构动力特性和动力响应的数值计算方法。为了给动力特性分析提供初值,定义了复合结构的“对偶保守结构”概念。用“对偶保守结构”的实模态参数确定复特征值初值,逐个迭代计算复合结构的复模态参数,同时还给出了两种数值方法计算复合结构的时域响应,可适应于一般载荷的响应计算,最后给出了部分计算与实验结果,并进行了比较,结果令人满意。     

CrN基复合薄膜的结构及摩擦磨损性能研究

采用反应磁控溅射法制备了CrN、CrSiN与CrAlN复合薄膜,分析了复合薄膜的微观结构,并考察了3类薄膜的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明：所制备的薄膜晶体结构没有随着Si或Al的加入发生转变,仍然为面心立方结构。CrAlN复合薄膜为合金复合薄膜,其中Al以置换方式固溶于CrN中,取代了一部分Cr原子,形成固溶体;CrSiN复合薄膜为晶态CrN与非晶态Si3N4组成纳米复合结构。复合薄膜结构致密且硬度较CrN大幅提高,在摩擦磨损过程中具有较强的抗形变能力,能够有效阻止裂纹,抗摩擦磨损性能较CrN薄膜均有不同程度的提高。     

孔结构金属复合夹芯板抗爆炸冲击响应及吸能特性研究

采用有限元方法研究爆炸载荷下四边固支孔结构金属复合夹芯板的动力响应及吸能特性，给出了孔结构金属复合夹芯板的动力响应过程，得到夹芯板的变形模式，比较了孔结构金属复合夹芯板与非孔结构金属复合夹芯板的抗爆炸冲击性能，同时讨论了孔大小、间距、排布方式和面板质量分布等因素对孔结构金属复合夹芯板抗爆炸冲击性能的影响。研究结果表明，迎爆面外面板的孔设计使爆炸冲击波穿过孔洞直接作用在芯材上，增强了芯材的压缩，从而提高了夹芯板的能量吸收能力。同等面密度情况下，内外面板厚度比大于1的孔结构金属复合夹芯板变形挠度小于内外面板厚度比小于1的孔结构金属复合夹芯板。进一步研究发现，通过合理设计内外面板的质量分布，可以使孔结构金属复合夹芯板的抗爆炸冲击性能最优。     

Cr—Ni—N复合薄膜的制备及其摩擦磨损性能初探

采用多弧离子镀技术在9Cr18钢基体上制备了Cr-Ni-N复合薄膜,初步研究了复合薄膜的制备工艺、结构、摩擦学性能及力学性能.结果表明,所制备的复合薄膜具有纳米尺寸的多相结构;氮气流量对薄膜的相组成有明显影响;复合薄膜的硬度较高,韧性和抗磨性能良好.     

MoS2/a-C复合薄膜在高/低湿度环境下的摩擦学性能研究

采用磁控溅射方法制备了MoS_2薄膜与不同碳含量的MoS_2/a-C复合薄膜,利用XRD、SEM、Raman光谱仪、纳米压痕仪和CSM摩擦试验机等分析了复合薄膜的结构、力学和摩擦学性能.结果表明:MoS_2薄膜为疏松的柱状结构,MoS_2/a-C复合薄膜为无定形的致密结构,硬度较高.低湿环境下MoS_2薄膜与MoS_2/a-C复合薄膜的摩擦性能差别不明显;高湿环境下薄膜的摩擦系数和磨损率均有所升高,其中MoS_2薄膜与低碳含量的MoS_2/a-C复合薄膜氧化严重,而高碳含量的MoS_2/a-C复合薄膜的摩擦学性能稳定,对湿度交替变换的环境适应性更佳.这是由于碳元素掺杂改善复合薄膜的微观结构,提高复合薄膜的抗氧化性和力学性能.     

化学镀耐磨自润滑Ni-P复合镀层的摩擦磨损性能

利用化学复合镀技术制备了Ni-P-碳纳米管(Ni-P-CNTs)和Ni-P-无机类富勒烯WS2[Ni-P-(IF-WS2)]复合镀层,考察了复合镀层的减摩抗磨性能.结果表明,Ni-P-CNTs和Ni-P-(IF-WS2)复合镀层的减摩抗磨性能优于化学镀Ni-P和Ni-P-石墨镀层,其原因在于Ni-P-CNTs化学复合镀层中的碳纳米管具有优异力学性能和同轴石墨纳米管结构,而Ni-P-(IF-WS2)化学复合镀层中的IF-WS2具有封闭层状类富勒烯球形结构,二者均具有优异的自润滑性能.     

弹性——粘弹性复合结构模态理论

本文研究弹性-粘弹性复合结构动力学基本问题.复合结构动力学方程是一组微分积分方程,引入增广状态变量.将其变换为常规的状态方程.研究了状态方程特征解的性质.提出了"振荡模态"和"蠕变模态"慨念.给出了脉冲响应矩阵和传递函数矩阵,讨论了它们的特性.复合结构模态理论为其动特性和动响应分析提供理论依据.     

空爆冲击波与破片群联合作用下聚脲涂覆陶瓷复合装甲结构毁伤特性

基于均质钢板、聚脲涂层材料、SiC陶瓷材料设计了4种聚脲涂覆复合装甲结构，采用装药驱动预制破片试验方法开展了近炸下复合装甲结构毁伤特性实验研究，提出了各组分的毁伤破坏模式，对比分析了4种防护装甲结构的防护性能，探讨了复合装甲结构的防护机理。结果表明:作用于目标结构的破片动能远大于冲击波能，聚脲涂覆复合装甲结构的防护效能明显优于多层均质钢装甲，增加陶瓷厚度较增加背板、前面板厚度对提高整体防护效能更有效，破片撞击将引起陶瓷块大面积损伤，严重影响了其对后续着靶破片的防护性能。     

DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF UNDERGROUND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES UNDER EXPLOSION LOADING

In selecting rational types of underground structures resisting explosion, in order to improve stress states of the structural section and make full use of material strength of each part of the section, the research method of composite structures is presented.Adopting the analysis method of micro-section free body, equilibrium equations, constraint equations and deformation coordination equations are given. Making use of the concept of generalized work and directly introducing Lagrange multiplier specific in physical meaning,the validity of the constructed generalized functional is proved by using variation method.The rational rigidity matching relationship of composite structure section is presentedthrough example calculations.     

基于耦合算法的三维复杂结构冲击动力学特性

光滑粒子流体动力学-有限元耦合算法（SPH-FEM）较好地结合了SPH和FEM的优势，近年来逐渐被引入冲击动力学相关问题研究中。然而早期的研究对象多为单一材料的简单结构，所取得的研究成果距离实际工程应用仍有一定差距。为此，在总结前人工作的基础上，对SPH-FEM耦合算法进行适当改进，通过引入复合材料损伤模型，对复合材料蒙皮结构飞行器舱段结构进行建模计算，分析其在爆炸冲击激励下的冲击动力学特性。将数值计算结果与试验结果进行对比分析，验证该算法和模型的有效性和准确性，初步实现SPH-FEM的工程实际应用。最后总结了复合材料蒙皮结构飞行器在爆炸冲击激励下的一系列结构动态响应规律，以期为航天飞行器结构设计与防护提供参考。     

Elastic waves from localized sources in composite laminates

This paper is concerned with the analysis of elastic waves generated by localized dynamic sources in structural composites. The source can be external, involving acoustic wave loading as in the so called leaky Lamb wave experiment, and low-velocity foreign object impact on the surface of the structure, or internal, as in sudden crack initiation and its rapid growth from existing internal flaws. All three problems are of critical importance in the safe operation of composite structures, due to their vulnerability to hidden delaminations that can occur in composite materials when they are subjected to this type of loads. It is well known that both the dynamic surface loading associated with impact, and the sudden “opening” of an internal crack associated with the extension of a preexisting flaw act as sources of elastic waves in the material of the structure. The research reported here consists of model-based analysis of the guided waves generated by surface loading and microcrack initiation in graphite epoxy composite laminates commonly used in aircraft and aerospace structures. The objective of this study is to develop a mechanics based understanding of the causal relationship between the properties of the source and the characteristics of the waves generated by its initiation and propagation. The results of this research are expected to be useful in developing effective health monitoring systems for new as well as aging aircraft and aerospace structures.     

Optimisation de renforts composites internes de structures tridimensionnelles

The reinforcement of a 3D structure with composite panels is considered. The behaviour of those panels are to be optimized considering the external loading of the 3D structure. The study is within the framework of anisotropic linear elasticity. The 3D model takes into account the rigidity induced by Kirchhoff–Love plate reinforcement. An optimization of the behavior characteristics of the composite reinforcement (density and orientation of fibers at each point) is presented.     

中低速压缩加载下不同截面构型复合材料薄壁结构吸能特性及失效分析

为研究开剖面复合材料薄壁吸能结构的吸能特性,基于高速液压伺服试验系统,开展了开剖面复合材料薄壁结构轴向压缩试验,分析了截面构型、截面长宽比、触发模式及加载速度对其吸能特性的影响,揭示了其在压溃过程中的失效及吸能机理。研究结果表明,复合材料薄壁结构压溃过程中主要通过材料弯曲、分层、剪切破坏以及压溃区之间的摩擦吸能。截面构型对其吸能特性影响显著,其中,帽形及Ω形试件的平均压溃载荷较C形试件分别高出14.1%和14.6%,比吸能较C形试件分别高出14.3%和14.8%;截面长宽比对复合材料薄壁结构吸能特性的影响不如截面构型明显;触发模式主要影响吸能结构的初始压溃阶段,在降低峰值载荷方面,C形试件采用45°倒角触发效果更好,帽形试件采用15°尖顶触发效果更好;当加载速度从0.01 m/s提高到1 m/s时,C形、帽形及Ω形试件的平均压溃载荷分别下降了6.1%、10.9%和6.1%,比吸能分别下降了6.2%、11.0%和6.2%。     

考虑面内破坏过程的含分层损伤复合材料加筋层合板的动力响应

基于复合材料层合板一阶剪切理论，推导了复合材料层合板单元的刚度阵和质量阵列式；同时采用了Adams应交能法与Rayleigh阻尼模型相结合的方法，构造了相应的阻尼阵列式；为了防止在低阶模态中分层处出现的上、下子板不合理的嵌入现象，建立了含分层损伤复合材料加筋层合板动力分析的分层分析模型和虚拟界面联接模型。在上述模型和理论基础上，采用了Tsai提出的刚度退化准则和动力响应分析的精细积分法，对含分层损伤复合材料加筋层合板结构进行了动力响应和破坏分析。通过算例，分别讨论了外载频率、分层位置，以及破坏过程的刚度退化对含损伤复合材料加筋层合板动力响应特征的影响，得到了一些具有理论和工程价值的结论。     

Stress Distribution in a Rigidly Clamped Composite Plate with Locally Curved Structures under Forced Vibration

A problem on the forced vibrations of a rectangular composite plate with locally curved structures is formulated using the exact three-dimensional equations of continuum mechanics and continuum theory. A technique for numerical solution of the problem is developed based on the semianalytic finite-element method. Numerical results are given for the stress distribution in the plate under forced vibrations. The results obtained are analyzed to study the effect of the curvature in the structure of the plate on the distribution of stress amplitudes. It is shown that the curvatures change significantly the stress pattern under either static or dynamic loading     

Dynamic stability of uncertain laminated beams subjected to subtangential loads

Because of the inherent complexity of fiber-reinforced laminated composites, it can be challenging to manufacture composite structures according to their exact design specifications, resulting in unwanted material and geometric uncertainties. Thus the understanding of the effect of uncertainties in laminated structures on their static and dynamic responses is highly important for a reliable design of such structures. In this research, we focus on the probabilistic stability analysis of laminated structures subject to subtangential loading, a combination of conservative and nonconservative tangential loads, using the dynamic criterion. In order to study the dynamic behavior by including uncertainties into the problem, three models were developed: exact Monte Carlo simulation, sensitivity-based Monte Carlo simulation, and probabilistic FEA. These methods were integrated into the existing finite element analysis. Also, perturbation and sensitivity analysis have been used to study nonconservative problems to study the stability analysis using the dynamic criterion.     

A Novel Method for Dynamic Short-Beam Shear Testing of 3D Woven Composites

A new test method for performing dynamic short-beam shear tests using a momentum trapped Hopkinson pressure bar is proposed. Angle-interlock 3D woven composite specimens were tested under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions to determine the effect of loading rate on damage evolution. The equilibrium condition in the composite specimen under dynamic loads was verified using finite element analysis of the experiment. A high speed camera was used to capture delamination initiation and propagation during both quasi-static and dynamic experiments. Analysis of the load-deflection curves and the high speed images revealed a good correlation between the modes of damage initiation and propagation with the features in the loading response. The apparent inter-laminar shear strength and the bending stiffness increased with rate of loading. While the damage was observed to propagate at a relative steady rate during quasi-static loading, the high rate of energy input during dynamic loading resulted in a rapid propagation of damage and a subsequent loss of stiffness in the composite as noted in the load-deflection curve.     

Precracking and interfacial delamination in a bi-material structure: Static and dynamic loadings

The behavior of a precracked bi-material structure interface under given static and dynamic axial loading is an interest object in the present paper.Firstly,it is shown that the shear-lag model is a proper tool to analyze a delamination process in a precracked bi-material structure undergoing static loading.Secondly,the"shear-lag model"is applied to the structure under dynamic loading.To solve the problem for an interface delamination of the structure and to determine the debond length along the interface,our own 2D boundary element method(BEM)code is proposed in the case of static loading,and the shear-lag model together with the Laplace transforms and half-analytical calculations are used in the case of dynamic loading.The interface layer is assumed as a very thin plate compared with the other two.The parametric(geometric and elastic)analysis of the debond length and interface shear stress is done. The results from the 2D BEM code proved the validity of analytical solutions to the shear-lag model.In the dynamic case,the influence of loading characteristics,i.e.,frequencies and amplitude fluctuations on the shear stress and the value of debond length for an interval of time,is discussed. The analysis of the obtained results is illustrated by an example of the modern ceramic-metal composite,namely cermet, and depicted in figures.