多相位激励随机地震响应快速算法

对多支承激励间存在相位差的平稳随机响应分析问题给出了计算各种自谱密度及互谱密度的快速直接算法。此法计入了所有参振振型间的互相关项，以及各激励间的互相关项，是快速、简便、精确的频域分析方法，并可用实振型方便地处理非正交阻尼矩阵。     

转子系统的平稳／非平稳随机地震响应分析

应用虚拟激励法结合精细时程积分计算了转子系统受平稳／非平稳随机地震激励的动力响应。采用虚拟激励分析将平稳随机激励转化为稳态简谐激励，将非平稳随机激励转化为瞬态确定性激励，即使对于非对称的油膜刚度阵和阻尼阵，算法仍然简单高效，并得到精确的结果。     

多相位激励随机地震响应快速算法

对多支承激励间存在相位差的平稳随机响应分析问题给出了计算各种自谱密度及互谱密度的快速直接算法。此法计入了所有参振振型间的互相关项，以及各激盛间的互相关项，是快速，简便，精确的频域分析方法，并可用实振型方便地处理非正交阻尼矩阵。     

行波效应下结构非平稳随机地震峰值响应分析

地震运动在本质上是非平稳随机过程。对于一个典型的地震记录,如果地震平稳段持续时间较短,采用非平稳随机过程描述其地震动特性较为合理。目前被最广泛接受的地震非平稳随机振动模型是演变随机激励模型。本文将虚拟激励法和精细积分法相结合,高精度计算了结构在这种随机地震激励下的时变均方根响应,并等效转化为相应的平稳随机过程后进行结构峰值响应计算。不仅考虑了激励的非平稳性,同时高效精确地考虑了结构的动力特性和地震行波效应。能够方便地应用于大型复杂结构,特别是为大跨度桥梁抗震分析提供了高效的计算手段。实际结构算例表明平稳假设会得到偏于保守的结果。当阻尼比较小时,这种差别会更明显。采用非平稳激励模型,显然更为合理;采用本文提出的方法可以很方便地处理这类问题。     

结构非平稳随机响应分析的快速虚拟激励法

虚拟激励法能够方便地应用于结构非平稳随机响应分析,但在每个离散频点处都涉及到虚拟激励作用下动力方程的时程积分,对于大型复杂结构,其计算量是难以接受的。将结构动力方程写成状态方程形式,采用精细积分法对状态方程进行数值求解,导出了结构动力响应关于离散时刻处激励的显式线性表达式。利用这一显式表达式,只需要变换离散时刻处的激励数值,就可以方便快捷地求出新的激励作用下的结构动力响应。效率分析和数值算例表明,相对于传统虚拟激励法,本文提出的改进算法在求解非平稳激励下结构随机振动方面具有更高的计算效率。     

大跨度结构受多点随机地震激励的响应

研究了复杂结构的空间部分相干多点激励平稳随机地震响应。该方法同时计入了振型间和激励间的耦合项，是完全的ＣＱＣ算法，可以方便高效且高精度地算出各种响应量的自谱和互谱。     

大跨度结构受多点随机地震激励的响应

研究了复杂结构的空间部分相干多点激励平稳随机地震响应，该方法同时计入了振型间和激励间的耦合项，是完全的ＣＱＣ算法，可以方便高效且高精度地算出各种响应量的自谱和互谱。     

非平稳随机激励下结构体系动力可靠度时域解法

将结构动力方程写成状态方程形式,采用精细积分法对其进行数值求解,导出了非平稳激励下结构随机响应的时域显式表达式,该过程的计算量仅相当于两次确定性时程分析的计算量.基于该显式表达式,结合首次超越失效准则,提出了非平稳随机激励下结构体系动力可靠度的数值模拟算法.与功率谱方法相比,该方法无需同时在时频域内进行大量数值积分,也无需引入关于响应过程跨越界限次数概率分布,以及各失效模式相关性等方面的假定.通过数值算例,对比了该方法与泊松过程法、马尔可夫过程法、传统蒙特卡罗法的计算精度和计算效率,结果显示该方法具有理想的精度和相当高的效率.     

大跨悬索桥三维非平稳耦合抖振分析

基于Priestley(1967)演变功率谱模型，并采用Lin和Yang(1983)的建议，建立了脉动风速的非平稳功率谱模型。依据此模型，采用三维有限元法，建立了大跨桥梁非平稳耦合抖振运动方程。然后，将虚拟激励法和精细时程积分法相结合，建立了求解桥梁三维非平稳耦合抖振运动方程的快速算法。以某大跨悬索桥为例，分析了该桥的非平稳耦合抖振响应，并与平稳耦合抖振响应进行了比较。计算结果表明：随着脉动风速平稳部分持时的增大，非平稳抖振分析结果逐渐收敛于平稳抖振分析结果；但若脉动风速的平稳部分持时较短，非平稳抖振分析结果将低于平稳抖振分析结果。     

剪切梁随机地震响应的李兹法

本文将常规的李兹法与虚拟激励法相结合以分析非均匀剪切梁的平稳随机地震响应。这方法对于各种正交或非正交阻尼，白噪声或非白噪声激励，都同样方便有效。     

A Volterra-PEM approach for random vibration spectrum analysis of nonlinear systems

In this paper, the Volterra series and the pseudo-excitation method (PEM) are combined to establish a frequency domain method for the power spectral density (PSD) analysis of random vibration of nonlinear systems. The explicit expression of the multi-dimensional power spectral density (MPSD) of the random vibration response is derived analytically. Furthermore, a fast calculation strategy from MPSD to physical PSD is given. The PSD characteristics analysis of the random vibration response of nonlinear systems is effectively achieved. First, within the framework of Volterra series theory, an improved PEM is established for MPSD analysis of nonlinear systems. As a generalized PEM for nonlinear random vibration analysis, the Volterra-PEM is used to analyse the response MPSD, which also has a very concise expression. Second, in the case of computation difficulties with multi-dimensional integration from MPSD to PSD, the computational efficiency is improved by converting the multi-dimensional integral into a matrix operation. Finally, as numerical examples, the Volterra-PEM is used to estimate the response PSD for stationary random vibration of a nonlinear spring-damped oscillator and a non-ideal boundary beam with geometrical nonlinearity. Compared with Monte Carlo simulation, the results show that by constructing generalized pseudo-excitation and matrix operation methods, Volterra-PEM can be used for input PSD with arbitrary energy distribution, not only restricted to broadband white noise excitation, and accurately predict the secondary resonance phenomenon of the random vibration response of nonlinear systems in the frequency domain.

     

线性随机结构的平稳随机响应

对于不仅结构参数具有随机性,而且外载是平稳随机激励的问题,给出了随机响应变异系数的计算方法。应用虚拟激励法先将随机荷载转化为确定性的简谐荷载,使双随机问题得以精确地转化为单随机问题进行分析。求解过程显著简化,而且包含了二种随机因素之间的耦合效应。用数值模拟法对方法的精度作了估计。     

Random wave propagation in a viscoelastic layered half space

An extremely efficient and accurate solution method is presented for the propagation of stationary random waves in a viscoelastic, transversely isotropic and stratified half space. The efficiency and accuracy are obtained by using the pseudo excitation method (PEM) with the precise integration method (PIM). The solid is multi-layered and located above a semi-infinite space. The excitation sources form a random field which is stationary in the time domain. PEM is used to transform the random wave equation into deterministic equations. In the frequency-wavenumber domain, these equations are ordinary differential equations which can be solved precisely by using PIM. The power spectral densities (PSDs) and the variances of the ground responses can then be computed. The paper presents the full theory and gives results for instructive examples. The comparison between the analytical solutions and the numerical results confirms that the algorithm presented in this paper has exceptionally high precision. In addition, the numerical results presented show that: surface waves are very important for the wave propagation problem discussed; the ground displacement PSDs and variances are significant over bigger regions in the spatial domain when surface waves exist; and as the depth of the source increases the ground displacement PSDs decrease and the regions over which they have significant effect become progressively more restricted to low frequencies while becoming more widely distributed in the spatial domain.     

Design of piezoelectric energy harvesting devices subjected to broadband random vibrations by applying topology optimization

Converting ambient vibration energy into electrical energy by using piezoelectric energy harvester has attracted a lot of interest in the past few years.In this paper,a topology optimization based method is applied to simultaneously determine the optimal layout of the piezoelectric energy harvesting devices and the optimal position of the mass loading.The objective function is to maximize the energy harvesting performance over a range of vibration frequencies.Pseudo excitation method (PEM) is adopted to analyze structural stationary random responses,and sensitivity analysis is then performed by using the adjoint method.Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach.     

剪切型非线性滞迟系统随机地震响应的虚拟激励分析

运用虚拟激励法结合等效线性化法分析了剪切型多自由度滞迟系统的平衡随机地震响应,对于滞迟等效线性系统,对每一步迭代不需要求解高阶李亚谱诺夫方程,而只须求解一个低阶复系数代数方程即可：可以只计算所需要的方差向量,因而计算效率较高,特别是对于较多自由度的滞迟系统。     

SEISMIC RANDOM RESPONSE ANALYSIS OF HYSTERETIC SYSTEMS WITH PSEUDO EXCITATION METHOD

The stationary random responses of nonlinear shear-type Multi-Degrees-of-Freedom (MDOF) hysteretic system are analyzed by using the Pseudo Excitation Method (PEM) combined with the Equivalent Linearization Method (ELM). The solution of the equivalent linear system is obtained by iteratively solving complex algebraic equations instead of the Lyapunov equations. The efficiency of this method is much higher for practical engineering systems with many degrees-of-freedom. Supported by NNSFC (Project No. 19772009), NKBRSF fund (No. G1999032805) and Doctoral Funding of State Education Ministry (No. 97014120).     

基于虚拟激励法的结构随机振动声辐射分析

本文基于有限元法、边界元法和虚拟激励法，对随机激励下结构振动声辐射问题进行研究。提出了一种计算随机激励下结构振动声辐射问题的新方法，其中，有限元法用于计算结构谐振响应，边界元法用于计算结构振动声辐射，虚拟激励法结合有限元和边界元计算随机激励下结构振动声辐射问题。 数值算例表明，本文方法在计算精度上与传统方法等价，且更具高效性。     

不确定车轨耦合系统辛随机振动分析

建立了轨道不平顺作用下具有不确定参数车轨耦合系统随机振动评估方法. 车辆系统采用物理坐标下多刚体系统模型,并应用高斯随机变量模拟车体、转向架和轮对一系、二系连接系统中动力学参数具有的不确定性. 采用无穷周期结构进行弹性轨道模拟,在哈密顿状态空间下建立了典型轨道子结构的状态运动方程,通过轮轨耦合关系建立了混合 物理坐标及辛模态坐标车轨耦合系统运动方程. 应用Hermite正交多项式展开得到了耦合系统动力响应相对于不确定性参数的控制方程. 由于利用轨道周期特性建模,所获得的控制方程有效地降低了方程维度. 轮轨接触处轨道不平顺载荷模拟为完全相干多分量平稳随机过程,推广和发展虚拟激励法建立了耦合系统随机振动受不确定动力学 参数影响的量化评估方法. 通过Monte Carlo数值模拟,验证了该方法在不确定参数变异很大时也能够保持较好的精度,具有一定的工程实用性.     

The effect of material properties on the performance of a new geometry PEM fuel cell

In this paper a computational dynamics model for duct-shaped geometry proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell was used to investigate the effect of changing gas diffusion layer and membrane properties on the performances, current density and gas concentration. The proposed model is a full cell model, which includes all the parts of the PEM fuel cell, flow channels, gas diffusion electrodes, catalyst layers and the membrane. Coupled transport and electrochemical kinetics equations are solved in a single domain; therefore no interfacial boundary condition is required at the internal boundaries between cell components. This computational fluid dynamics code is used as the direct problem solver, which is used to simulate the 2-dimensional mass, momentum and species transport phenomena as well as the electron- and proton-transfer process taking place in a PEMFC that cannot be investigated experimentally. The results show that by increasing the thickness and decreasing the porosity of GDL the performance of the cell enhances that it is different with planner PEM fuel cell. Also the results show that by increasing the thermal conductivity of the GDL and membrane, the overall cell performance increases.