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1.
The micro-geometry of the tooth surfaces of spiral bevel and hypoid pinions has to be fine-adjusted to obtain enhanced meshing and contact characteristics during the meshing process with their corresponding mating gears. In this paper, a new methodology is proposed to design face-milled spiral bevel gear drives to, firstly, derive favorable orientation and dimensions of the contact pattern between the mating surfaces of the gears and, secondly, obtain a predesigned parabolic function of negative transmission errors with limited magnitude of maximum transmission errors. The proposed approach is based on the definition of the desired topography for the active surfaces of the pinion followed by a numerical derivation of their finishing machine-tool settings through a bound-constrained optimization algorithm. Increasing mechanical strength and reducing the levels of noise and vibration of face-milled spiral bevel gear drives constitute the main objectives of the proposed design process. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the applicability of the developed theory .  相似文献   

2.
In this paper a novel approach for modelling a spur gear system using finite element method combined with elastic foundation theory is developed. The pinion is modelled by shaft finite element and the wheel by a three-dimensional finite element. Elastic foundation is utilized to model the gearmesh. The modal analysis showed the presence of lower natural frequency for thin rimmed gear cases susceptible to be excited by the operating running condition. The transmission error is affected by the wheel shape and by the presence of lower natural frequencies. Eccentricity error and tooth crack are also modelled to observe their influence on the dynamics behaviour of the system. It was found that they are responsible of the apparition of an amplitude modulation.  相似文献   

3.
Yang  Lantao  Zeng  Qiang  Yang  Haishi  Wang  Liming  Long  Guorong  Ding  Xiaoxi  Shao  Yimin 《Nonlinear dynamics》2022,109(3):1591-1615

The effect of gear contact state change due to shaft misalignment on meshing stiffness is usually neglected in the traditional stiffness calculation model with misalignment error, the further influence mechanism of shaft misalignment on gear dynamic characteristics is also unclear. To address these shortcomings, a new mesh stiffness calculation model with misaligned gear considering the effects of tooth contact state is proposed by combining the improved loaded tooth contact analysis (LTCA) model. Then the effects of tooth contact state changes aroused by shaft misalignment on the meshing stiffness excitation are investigated. Moreover, a dynamic model of the misaligned gear system with 8 degrees of freedom (DOF) is established, and based on which the dynamic characteristics of the gear system are investigated and verified by experiment. The study results indicate that the proposed model can be used to evaluate the stiffness excitation and dynamic characteristics of the misaligned gear system with the tooth contact state taken into consideration. This study can provide a theoretical method for evaluating and identifying shaft misalignment errors.

  相似文献   

4.
The presence of undercut at the tooth root, non-equal addendum on pinion and wheel, non-standard tooth height or non-standard center distance may have decisive influence on the load distribution along the line of contact of spur and helical gear teeth. The curve of variation of the meshing stiffness along the path of contact, quite symmetric respect the midpoint of the interval of contact, loses its symmetry for non-standard geometries and operating conditions. As a consequence, the critical contact points for bending and wear calculations may be shifted from their locations for standard gears. In this paper, a non-uniform model of load distribution along the line of contact of standard spur and helical gears, obtained from the minimum elastic potential criterion, has been enhanced to fit with the meshing conditions of the above mentioned non-standard cylindrical gear pairs. The same analytical formulation of the initial model may be used for the non-standard gears by considering appropriate values of a virtual contact ratio, which are also presented in the paper.  相似文献   

5.
The paper discusses the directional motion of the vibratory excited compliant body in respect to the stationary support which has the internal slot. Such a model and proposed mathematical approach represent a part-to-part interaction in the assembly position, whereas the motion of the compliant body characterizes the alignment of the mating parts. The characteristics of the motion of the compliant body under kinematical excitation along the direction of the joining axis are analyzed using the numerical technique. The dependences of the alignment duration upon the force of the body pressing to the support, the stiffness of the elastic constraints and the amplitude and frequency of the excitation are determined. The directional motion is performed by the body in respect to the support only when the parameters of the mechanical systems and excitation are adjusted. The areas of the parameter sets are defined considering the occurrence of the successful alignment of the connective surfaces. The body can move from the static to the dynamic position of equilibrium. The distance between these positions determines the maximum error of the interdependent position of the connective surfaces when the alignment of the parts is still possible. To explore the shaft alignment in respect to the bushing the experimental setup is made and the experiments of the alignment under kinematical excitation of the shaft along the bushing direction are accomplished. The experimental dependences of the alignment duration both on the shaft pressing force to the bushing and the excitation frequency are defined and the areas of the parameter sets are determined when the shaft is aligned successfully in respect to the bushing. The experimental results confirm the applicability of the mathematical approach.  相似文献   

6.
An analytical study of the effect of hob offset on dynamic tooth strength of spur gears is presented. The study was limited to equal and opposite offset values applied to the pinion and gear to maintain the standard operating center distance. The analysis presented is performed using a new version of the NASA gear dynamics code DANST.

The operating speed of a transmission has a significant influence on the amount of hob offset required to equalize dynamic stresses in the pinion and gear. In the transmission studied, at low speeds, the optimum hob offset was found to fluctuate within a range. At higher speeds, the optimum value is constrained by the minimum allowed thickness at the tip of the pinion tooth. For gears that must operate over a range of speeds, an average offset value can be used. Spur gears designed with the procedure presented here can have significant improvements in load capacity.  相似文献   

7.
Abstract

In this paper, a quasistatic finite element model of a spur gear pair is developed. A node-to-target contact formulation is given, where calculations of initial gaps are based upon the actual geometry of the gear flanks rather than upon a contact node and a facet or a line segment. By using a special contact search algorithm, profile modifications and mounting errors are easily incorporated in the analysis. The problem, which also includes friction, is solved by using a nonsmooth Newton method. The static transmission error can be calculated with accuracy with a relatively small number of nodes along the gear flanks. Several examples are given in order to demonstrate the model.  相似文献   

8.
Involute tooth surfaces are a successful technical solution for both spur and helical gear drives since they provide linear contact and a low-level function of transmission errors under good conditions of meshing. Tip relief is usually required to improve contact conditions during the transfer of meshing between adjacent pairs of teeth. Yet, unfavorable conditions of contact appear when shaft deflections and misalignments are present. Localization of contact through lead crowning is a solution that increases the cost of machining in both spur and helical gear drives. In this sense, the generation process of curvilinear gear drives provides localization of contact with no additional cost. Comparison of stresses and transmission error functions in spur, helical and curvilinear gear drives is investigated to show if the application of curvilinear gear drives yields some advantages respect to spur and helical gear drives. The three mentioned types of cylindrical parallel-axis gear drives are provided, firstly, with linear contact, and, secondly, with localized contact, for the purpose of comparison. Different misalignments conditions are taken into account by means of several numerical examples.  相似文献   

9.
Prediction of friction and transmission efficiency are design objectives in transmission engineering. Unlike spur and helical involute gears, there is a dearth of numerical analysis in the case of hypoid gear pairs. In particular, it is important to take into account the side leakage of the lubricant from the contact as the result of the lubricant entrainment at an angle to the elliptical contact footprint. In the automobile differential hypoid gears, high loads result in non-Newtonian behaviour of the lubricant, which may exceed its limiting shear stress, a fact which has not been taken into account in the open literature. This results in conditions which deviate from observed experimental tractive behaviour. The paper takes into account these salient practical features of hypoid gear pair analysis under high load. It highlights a non-Newtonian shear model, which limits the lubricant shear behaviour. Prediction of friction and transmission efficiency is in line with those reported in the literature.  相似文献   

10.
Stress analysis of the components of a shrinkfit assembly has been carried out by the three-dimensional photoelastic technique. Experimental results obtained from the analysis of a typical shrink-fit assembly, wherein a cylindrical wheel is shrink fitted onto a hollow cylindrical hub in an asymmetrical position. Photoelastic models made from hot-setting Araldite B were loaded at the critical temperature in a stress-freezing oven and the meridional and the hoop slices were observed in a transmission polariscope. It is concluded from this investigation that the bending induced in the components due to the asymmetrical placement of the wheel and the contact shear at the interface influences the stress distribution quite considerably. Also, the dimensions of the components in the axial direction have an influence on the mode and contribute to the magnitude of the variation of stress components.  相似文献   

11.
《力学快报》2022,12(2):100324
The circumferential vibration of a gear pair is a parametric excitation caused by nonlinear tooth stiffness, which fluctuates with meshing. In addition, the vibration characteristics of the gear pair become complicated owing to the tooth profile error and backlash. It is considered that the circumferential vibration of the gear pair is affected by the torsional vibration of the shafts. It is important to understand quantitatively the vibration characteristics of the gear system considering the shafts. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to clarify the nonlinear vibration characteristics of a gear pair considering the influence of the shafts using theoretical methods. To achieve this objective, calculations were performed using equations of motion in which the circumferential vibration of the gear pair and the torsional vibration of the shafts were coupled. The nonlinear tooth stiffness was represented by a sine wave. The influence of tooth separation was considered by defining a nonlinear function using backlash and the tooth profile error. For the numerical calculations, both stable and unstable periodic solutions were obtained by using the shooting method. The effect of the shafts on the gear system vibration were clarified by comparing the results in the cases in which the shaft was not considered, one shaft was considered, and both shafts were considered.  相似文献   

12.
研究了一种可用于运载火箭的SINS/GNSS自主导航方案。起飞前捷联惯组采用基于惯性系重力加速度积分的解析粗对准和卡尔曼滤波精对准,起飞后采用SINS/GNSS卡尔曼滤波组合导航反馈实时修正姿态、速度和位置。仿真结果表明捷联惯组水平自主对准误差0.01°,方位自主对准误差1.5°,起飞后经组合导航修正后的姿态误差小于0.2°,速度误差小于0.4m/s,位置误差小于40m,考虑所有误差的蒙特卡罗仿真结果满足火箭入轨精度要求,此方案具有较高的工程应用价值。  相似文献   

13.
针对捷联惯性导航系统的方位误差对系统误差特别敏感,容易引起闭环卡尔曼滤波初始对准的发散,提出了一种基于重构伪地球坐标系惯导机械编排的初始对准算法。重构伪地球坐标系惯导编排方案在初始位置实现了线性运动误差和方位误差之间解耦,从而消除了导航坐标系旋转角速度误差对方位对准的影响。因此该算法可以减小由系统误差引起的方位对准估计振荡,从而降低了对准系统发散的可能性,进而提高对准系统的稳定性,并改善了捷联惯导初始对准的性能。另外,它不仅适用于常规纬度初始对准,也可以解决极区静态对准问题。最后,常规纬度和极区静态对准仿真证明了该算法具有优良性能。  相似文献   

14.
基于台架应变测试试验方法,研究轿车车轮在疲劳试验中的应力状态。结果表明:车轮的径向疲劳试验时,轮胎会对车轮的载荷产生较大的影响,轮胎与转鼓的挤压变形以及正反转动都会对车轮的应力状态产生影响;车轮径向疲劳试验时,最大应变出现在轮辋与轮胎接触位置沿车轮圆周方向,而在靠近轮心位置的应变较小;车轮弯曲疲劳试验时,最大应变出现在轮辐靠近轮心的位置,最大应变出现在轮辐的长度方向;不同的载荷对车轮应变的变化规律并没有影响,但是会对最大和最小峰值产生影响。  相似文献   

15.
ABSTRACT

An analytical computer simulation procedure for dynamic modeling of low-contact-ratio spur gear systems is presented. The procedure computes the gear static transmission error and uses a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to generate its frequency spectrum at various tooth profile modifications. The dynamic loading response of an unmodified (perfect involut) gear pair is compared with that of gears with profile modifications. Correlations are found between several profile modifications and the resulting dynamic loads. An effective error, obtained from frequency domain anal  相似文献   

16.
以螺杆钻具的作业载荷为依据,对传动轴上端接头螺纹进行断裂性能研究。首先,通过强度分析,确定接头螺纹易发生断裂的危险位置;然后,考虑材料的弹塑性以及螺纹升角,建立螺纹根部含横向半椭圆表面裂纹的外螺纹接头和相啮合水帽的有限元模型,定量评价弹塑性和螺纹升角对接头断裂性能的影响。结果表明,材料塑性变形和螺纹升角对裂纹前缘J积分的影响较大,忽略这两个因素得到的结果偏于不安全。最后,利用所建立的弹塑性有限元模型,对于上扣预紧力单独作用以及上扣预紧力和工作扭矩共同作用的两种载荷条件,得到螺纹根部裂纹前缘的临界形状比及其对应的量纲为一的J积分随裂纹扩展的变化,为进一步研究螺杆钻具传动轴接头螺纹的疲劳寿命提供依据。  相似文献   

17.
覃源  张鑫  柴军瑞  曹成 《应用力学学报》2020,(1):455-462,I0032
在研究岩体裂隙间的渗流特性时,节理粗糙度会影响裂隙水流的渗流特性和路径,因此需要对粗糙表面进行恰当的描述。本文选取伸长率、最大起伏高度、最大起伏角和分维数4个参数刻画粗糙度。结合分维数的计算方法,选择当最大起伏高度为2.5mm、节理宽度为5mm时,随机生成4组直线和曲线节理边界。建立二维模型模拟发现,最大起伏角、伸长率和分维数是影响水流流速分布的敏感因素。在节理最高起伏处的下边界,流速值最大。此外,粗糙度的方向性对渗流影响较大。同等节理条件下,可发现沿水流方向,最大起伏高度的位置越靠后,越能抑制最大流速值,从而减小渗流破坏。最后,根据规则锯齿状的节理试验分析表明,在外力条件下,渗流量一定时,节理通道一旦发生改变,内部形成的漩涡便与水流的有效路径呈现负相关关系。  相似文献   

18.
小型化光纤陀螺的轴向磁场误差特性建模方法探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
小型化光纤陀螺的主要特点是光纤环径向尺寸逐步缩小,而轴向尺寸逐步增大,由此导致轴向磁场误差成为影响小型化光纤陀螺精度的重要因素之一。以小型化光纤陀螺轴向磁场误差特性为研究对象,依据光纤环中光纤的四极对称排列结构,提出轴向螺旋角展开分析法,利用Jones矩阵分别构建保偏型光纤陀螺及消偏型光纤陀螺的传输矩阵及轴向磁场误差模型,探讨光纤扭曲应力寄生圆双折射、轴向尺寸等因素与非互易性Faraday磁场相位误差的关系,得出光纤陀螺轴向磁场漂移误差的数学描述,以此为理论依据,探讨小型化光纤陀螺的轴向磁场误差因素,并提出相应的措施。  相似文献   

19.
This article presents an idea to remove the inequality in maximum fillet stresses developed between pinion and gear of a step up gear drive. This uniform fillet strength of the gear drive can be achieved by using nonstandard pinion and gear with appropriate addendum modifications generated by nonstandard basic racks of respective tooth thickness not equal to 0.5πm at the pitch circle. The influence of gear parameters such as gear ratio, pressure angle, addendum factor, pinion teeth number, and addendum modifications on the maximum fillet stress on the nonstandard pinion and gears of different tooth thickness has been analyzed through finite element method and finally the optimum value of rack tooth thickness coefficients (k pc and k gc ) are suggested for the given gear drive (defined by i) that improves the fillet capacity in bending. This study has been extended for various drives like S std , S o , S +, and S ? drives.  相似文献   

20.
应用轮轨型面测量仪测量实际运用中的磨耗后机车车轮,基于标准与磨耗后机车车轮型面,建立轮轨接触三维有限元模型,计算分析不同横移量下的接触斑和等效应力. 搭建轮轨接触试验台,使用取自现场的车轮与钢轨试块进行试验,分析不同横移量下轮轨接触状态. 针对磨耗前后车轮与标准钢轨接触的有限元计算与试验进行对比分析. 结果表明:横移量对轮轨接触状态有着显著的影响,横移量过大会加速机车车轮的磨耗;与标准型面相比,磨耗后车轮型面与标准钢轨接触时的接触斑面积较大,最大等效应力较小;通过轮轨接触试验台所得接触斑形状和大小与仿真计算所得结果一致性较好,证明了有限元仿真计算的可靠性.   相似文献   

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