引用自动检测系统HG60RA钢400℃时的dα／dN

详细介绍了以降载柔度法为原理用ＩＢＭ－ＰＣ微机采集数据的高温低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率自动检测系统，运用此系统研究了ＨＧ６０ＲＡ钢在４００℃时的低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率，得到了ＨＧ６０ＲＡ钢在４００℃时的Ｄα／ｄＮ－ΔＪ关系，试验结果表明检测系统有很高的测量精度，能用于金属材料疲劳裂纹扩展速度的自动检测。     

复杂应力状态铝合金高温低周疲劳裂纹扩展规律

本文对带环状预裂纹的ＬＤ８铝合金缺口试件进行了研究．结果表明：疲劳裂纹扩展速率ｄａ／ｄＮ与当量Ｊ积分范围△Ｊ－ｆ的关系不受缺口型式和加载应变范围的影响，用当量Ｊ积分来评价铝合金的高温低周疲劳裂纹扩展规律是有效的     

高温合金材料热机械疲劳实验技术

本文以ＡＩＳＩ３１６Ｌ不锈钢材料为例介绍了高温低周应变控制热机械疲劳（ＴｈｅｒｍｏｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌＦａｔｉｇｕｅ）试验，温度循环和机械应变循环为相同频率，它们间的相位关系分为同相位和反相位两种．温度循环范围选为２５０～５００℃和２５０～６５０℃两种．通过计算机自动控制的实验系统所得到的试验数据，探讨了热机械疲劳应力－应变响应，裂纹萌发和扩展的性质，材料微观损伤分析和温度范围变化对疲劳性能和寿命的影响．对疲劳试验过程中循环回滞曲线的分析，给出了材料硬化阶段和循环稳定阶段的特性．     

一种镍基双晶材料疲劳裂纹扩展效应

对晶界平行裂纹和晶界垂直裂纹的双晶体进行三点弯曲疲劳实验，研究了双晶材料的疲劳裂纹扩展规律，测定了双晶的疲劳扩展速率，揭示了晶界对晶粒疲劳裂纹扩展的屏蔽效应：当裂纹距晶界某一特定长度时，裂纹扩展速率最快；而裂纹顶端交于晶界时，裂纹扩展速率最侵．进一步的晶体滑移有限元数值分析揭示了这种屏蔽效应的机理：晶界附近不协调的塑性变形，导致了裂纹尖端应力场的重新分布．     

裂纹闭合和循环塑性预应变及循环载荷压缩部分对裂纹扩展速率的影响

本文针对三种国产材料 Ｌｙ１１ｃｚ、 Ｌｙ１２ｃｚ 铝合金和 １８ Ｍｎ Ｈ Ｐ钢,通过实验初步考察了循环塑性预应变和循环载荷压缩部分对疲劳裂纹扩展的影响;采用电测法,测定了两种铝合金材料疲劳裂纹扩展的张开应力和有效应力强度因子幅值比 Ｕ。结果表明：（１）材料循环塑性预应变和循环载荷压缩部分,都使疲劳裂纹扩展速率提高;（２）常幅载荷下,在疲劳裂纹稳定扩展阶段,有效应力强度因子幅值比 Ｕ 与应力比 Ｒ 有关,与裂纹长度ａ 无关,并依赖于材料的力学性能。     

关于中低应力强度因子范围疲劳裂纹扩展速率的研究

本文对 PCrNi_3MoVA(ESR)进行了常规性能、低周疲劳性能及疲劳裂纹扩展速率的试验,并且基于疲劳裂纹尖端区域应力、应变分析,应用累积损伤理论,提出一个估算疲劳裂纹扩展速率的简便方法.     

弯曲疲劳短裂纹扩展规律研究

本文对３５ＣｒＭｏ钢和４２ＣｒＭｏ钢带穿透短裂纹（初始裂纹长度ａ＝０．１～０．５ｍｍ）的试件进行了弯曲疲劳试验研究，得到了在弯曲疲劳加载下短裂纹扩展速率的计算表达式以及应力比，试件厚度对短裂纹扩展的影响。     

服役后API 5L X56钢腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验研究

为研究服役后X56双层海底管道钢的疲劳裂纹扩展速率，对外层管上截取的标准紧凑拉伸试样分别在空气和海水环境下进行不同最大疲劳载荷(P_max=9 kN,10 kN,12 kN)的疲劳裂纹扩展试验。与空气环境中CT试样的疲劳裂纹扩展速率相比，裂纹生长至15.38 mm时，9、10、12 kN载荷下海水环境中CT试样的疲劳裂纹扩展速率分别提高了1.82倍、1.54倍、1.43倍；随着裂纹扩展长度增大，外界载荷起主导作用，海水腐蚀的影响越来越小。综合分析最大疲劳载荷对疲劳裂纹扩展的影响，结果发现相同裂纹长度的前提下，疲劳载荷增加，应力强度因子幅值(ΔK)和疲劳裂纹扩展速率(da/dN)增加，海水腐蚀影响逐渐减小。疲劳裂纹扩展试验中所施加的最大疲劳载荷对CT试样的疲劳寿命具有较大影响，对Paris常数的影响较小。扫描电镜下CT试样的疲劳断口均为穿晶型断裂。海水环境中CT试样的疲劳断口表现出更多的二次裂纹和更高的撕裂脊。随着最大疲劳载荷增加，解理断裂形成的解理台阶晶面面积和高度差逐渐增大，疲劳断口越粗糙，解理特征越明显。     

微机辅助直流电位法腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率测试研究

本文所给微机辅助直流电位法腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率测试系统,采用峰值采样技术,消除了裂纹闭合影响。系统可同时给出 da/dN～△K 的波动曲线、光滑曲线及分段拟合后的曲线,有利于腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展机制分析与寿命估算。系统用于GC-4钢研究表明,GC-4钢腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展属于包含平台阶段的应力腐蚀型,符合过程竞争模型,但要对 Austen 模型进行修正。     

CrMoW转子钢高温超高周裂纹扩展及疲劳行为研究

本文研究了超超临界汽轮机CrMoW转子钢在常温与600℃条件下的超高周旋转弯曲疲劳行为。实验中利用位移传感器原位监测试件挠度变化,研究裂纹的萌生与扩展特性。研究结果发现,在常温下,疲劳裂纹主要萌生于试样表面,但也发现超高周次疲劳破坏的裂纹萌生于内部的情形。600℃时,S-N曲线呈现直线下降的趋势;大多试样裂纹萌生区和初始扩展区发现非金属夹杂物,其裂纹萌生是表面裂纹起源和亚表面夹杂物相耦合的结果。裂纹萌生寿命占整个疲劳寿命的90%以上,裂纹萌生寿命百分比(Ni/Nf)随疲劳寿命的延长而增大,并且温度对裂纹萌生寿命百分比没有影响。     

一种基于直接计算高阶奇异积分的断裂力学双边界积分方程分析法

相对于有限元法,边界单元法在求解断裂问题上有着独特的优势,现有的边界单元法中主要有子区域法和双边界积分方程法.采用一种改进的双边界积分方程法求解二维、三维断裂问题的应力强度因子,对非裂纹边界采用传统的位移边界积分方程,只需对裂纹面中的一面采用面力边界积分方程,并以裂纹间断位移为未知量直接用于计算应力强度因子.采用一种高阶奇异积分的直接法计算面力边界积分方程中的超强奇异积分;对于裂纹尖端单元,提供了三种不同形式的间断位移插值函数,采用两点公式计算应力强度因子.给出了多个具体的算例,与现存的精确解或参考解对比,可得到高精度的计算结果.      

汶川地震诱发文家沟巨型滑坡 碎屑流基本特征及成因机制初步分析

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2008年5月12日,汶川M80地震在四川省绵竹市清平乡文家沟内诱发一巨型滑坡。通过现场调查得知,滑坡前后缘高差455m,厚度20～30m,滑面为基岩层面,初始方量2750×107m3。滑体在运动中转化为碎屑流。滑坡-碎屑流总的水平运动距离为4022m,垂直运动距离为1443m,遗留的堆积物体积达5×107m3。滑坡距映秀—北川断裂仅36km,位于其下盘,地震烈度达XI度。滑坡导致文家沟中48人遇害,并形成一条完整的地震次生地质灾害链。初步分析表明滑坡启动速度快,滑坡向碎屑流转化过程明显、地点明确。碎屑流运动过程复杂,伴有强烈的“气垫效应”和“前缘气浪冲击效应”。作者认为,文家沟滑坡的高启动速度是长持时强烈地震动作用的结果,与山体的猛烈碰撞是导致滑体解体并转化为碎屑流的原因。     

Preface: Orbits around asteroid

One of the core issues in modern celestial mechanics is the orbital dynamics in the near-regime gravitational field of as- teroids, which provides deep insights into the mathematical nature of a class of nonlinear systems, and plays as a critical basis for in situ explorations of different science goals. Lots of efforts have been made to reveal the characteristics of orbital motion in the vicinity of asteroids, and to improve the skills of asteroid research in methodology.     

Effet de l'anisotropie élastique cristalline sur la distribution des facteurs de Schmid à la surface des polycristauxInfluence of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals

Experimental studies of the plasticity mechanisms of polycrystals are usually based on the Schmid factor distribution supposing crystalline elasticity isotropy. A numerical evaluation of the effect of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on the apparent Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals is presented. Cubic elasticity is considered. Order II stresses (averaged on all grains with the same crystallographic orientation) as well as variations between averages computed on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are computed. The Finite Element Method is used. Commonly studied metals presenting an increasing anisotropy degree are considered (aluminium, nickel, austenite, copper). Concerning order II stresses in strongly anisotropic metals, the apparent Schmid factor distribution is drifted towards small Schmid factor values (the maximum Schmid factor is equal to 0.43 instead of 0.5) and the slip activation order between characteristic orientations of the crystallographic standard triangle is modified. The computed square deviations of the stresses averaged on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are a bit higher than the second order ones (inter-orientation scatter). Our numerical evaluations agree quantitatively with several observations and measures of the literature concerning stress and strain distribution in copper and austenite polycrystals submitted to low amplitude loadings. Hopefully, the given apparent Schmid factor distributions could help to better understand the observations of the plasticity mechanisms taking place at the free surface of polycrystals. To cite this article: M. Sauzay, C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Preface: Current research progress on mechanics of high speed rail

The construction and operation of high-speed rail（HSR）grid within the past two decades in China,in terms of the scale,may be possibly comparable to any national-wide construction in the history of China,even the Great Wall.By counting railways with commercial train service at the speed of200 km/h,China has the world’s longest HSR network with over 19 369.8 km of track in service today and this number     

ACTA MECHANICA SINICA 2014 ANNUAL SUBJECT INDEX

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Nonlinear behavior of matrix-inclusion composites under high confining pressure: application to concrete and mortar

This paper is devoted to a micromechanics-based simulation of the response of concrete to hydrostatic and oedometric compressions. Concrete is described as a composite made up of a cement matrix in which rigid inclusions are embedded. The focus is put on the role of the interface between matrix and inclusion which represent the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). A plastic behavior is considered for both the matrix and the interfaces. The effective response of the composite is derived from the modified secant method adapted to the situation of imperfect interfaces. To cite this article: T.H. Le et al., C. R. Mecanique 336 (2008).