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1.
The objective of this contribution is to develop an elastic-plastic-damage constitutive model for crystal grain and to incorporate it with two-scale finite element analyses based on mathematical homogenization method, in order to characterize the macroscopic tensile strength of polycrystalline metals. More specifically, the constitutive model for single crystal is obtained by combining hyperelasticity, a rate-independent single crystal plasticity and a continuum damage model. The evolution equations, stress update algorithm and consistent tangent are derived within the framework of standard elastoplasticity at finite strain. By employing two-scale finite element analysis, the ductile behaviour of polycrystalline metals and corresponding tensile strength are evaluated. The importance of finite element formulation is examined by comparing performance of several finite elements and their convergence behaviour is assessed with mesh refinement. Finally, the grain size effect on yield and tensile strength is analysed in order to illustrate the versatility of the proposed two-scale model.  相似文献   

2.
A model is proposed that deals with the transient mechanical anisotropy during strain-path changes in metals. The basic mechanism is assumed to be latent hardening or softening of the slip systems, dependent on if they are active or passive during deformation, reflecting microstructural mechanisms that depend on the deformation mode rather than on the crystallography. The new model captures the experimentally observed behaviour of cross hardening in agreement with experiments for an AA3103 aluminium alloy. Generic results for strain reversals qualitatively agree with two types of behaviour reported in the literature – with or without a plateau on the stress–strain curve. The influence of the model parameters is studied through detailed calculations of the response of three selected parameter combinations, including the evolution of yield surface sections subsequent to 10% pre-strain. The mathematical complexity is kept to a minimum by avoiding explicit predictions related directly to underpinning microstructural changes. The starting point of the model is a combination of conventional texture and work hardening approaches, where an adapted full-constraints Taylor theory and a simple single-crystal work-hardening model for monotonic strain are used. However, the framework of the model is not restricted to these particular models.  相似文献   

3.
Compared with the numerous works into the constitutive equations for the mechanical behaviour of metals, very little attention has been devoted to those of polymers. However, a model is required to describe both the complex shape of the stress–strain curves and strain rate sensitivity of glassy polymers. In this Note, a unified viscoelastic-viscoplastic model is presented in which the nonlinear pre-yield behaviour, the strain softening and the strain hardening are described by internal variables, in analogy with the models developed for metals. In order to check the predictive capability of the model, the numerical results are compared with the experimental data (monotone, creep and relaxation tests) of a typical amorphous glassy polymer. To cite this article: F. Zaïri et al., C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).  相似文献   

4.
金属材料的塑性流动行为依赖于温度和应变率,温度和应变率敏感性是金属材料塑性流动的最重要的本质特性之一,建立合适的热黏塑性本构关系来准确描述金属塑性流动行为的温度和应变率依赖性,是金属材料能被广泛应用的必要前提。为此,对金属热黏塑性本构关系的最新研究进展进行了综述,介绍了常见的几种金属热黏塑性本构关系并进行了详细讨论,给出了各本构关系的优势与不足,最后系统介绍了包含金属塑性流动行为中出现的第三型应变时效、或K-W锁位错结构引起的流动应力随温度变化出现的反常应力峰以及拉压不对称等行为的金属热黏塑性本构关系的研究进展。  相似文献   

5.
A uniaxial tension sheet metal coupon with a tapered instead of a straight gage section has been used for centering the location of diffuse neck and for measuring sheet stretchability in a non-uniform strain field. A finite element analysis of such a tensile coupon made of automotive steel sheet metals has been carried out to assess the effect of the tapered gage section geometry and material plastic strain hardening characteristics on the development of local plastic deformation pattern and local stress state, especially beyond the onset of diffuse necking but before localized necking. In particular, the finite element analysis was used in this study to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of an experimental data analysis method for estimating the post-necking effective plastic stress-strain curve based on the direct local surface axial plastic strain measurements for base metal, heat-affected zone, and weld metals of a dual-phase steel DP600. It is concluded that the estimated lower and upper bounds of the effective stress-strain curve at large strains are not satisfactory for low strain-hardening materials such as heat-affected zone and weld metals with the tapered tension coupons. A simple correction method utilizing only the additional local surface strain measurement in the transverse direction is proposed and it is shown to be effective in correcting the estimated effective stress-strain curve of dual-phase steel weld metals obtained for two tapered gage section geometries.  相似文献   

6.
The molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed with single-crystal copper blocks under simple shear to investigate the size and strain rate effects on the mechanical responses of face-centered cubic (fcc) metals. It is shown that the yield stress decreases with the specimen size and increases with the strain rate. Based on the theory of dislocation nucleation, a modified power law is proposed to predict the scaled behavior of fcc metals, which agrees well with the numerical and experimental data ranging from nanoscale to macro-scale. In the MD simulations with different strain rates, a critical strain rate exists for each single-crystal copper block of given size, below which the yield stress is nearly insensitive to the strain rate. A hyper-surface is therefore formulated to describe the combined size and strain rate effects on the plastic yield strength of fcc metals. The preliminary results presented in this paper demonstrate the potential of the proposed simple procedure for engineering design at various spatial and temporal scales.  相似文献   

7.
Constitutive equations are proposed in order to describe the elasto-viscoplastic damage behaviour of polymers. The behaviour is well accounted for by a modified Bodner–Partom model comprising hydrostatic and void evolution terms. The true stress–strain and volumetric strain behaviour of typical rubber-toughened glassy polymers (RTPMMA and HIPS) were experimentally determined at constant local true strain rate by using a video-controlled technique. Successful agreement is obtained between experimental results and the proposed model.  相似文献   

8.
Viscoplastic crack-tip deformation behaviour in a nickel-based superalloy at elevated temperature has been studied for both stationary and growing cracks in a compact tension (CT) specimen using the finite element method. The material behaviour was described by a unified viscoplastic constitutive model with non-linear kinematic and isotropic hardening rules, and implemented in the finite element software ABAQUS via a user-defined material subroutine (UMAT). Finite element analyses for stationary cracks showed distinctive strain ratchetting behaviour near the crack tip at selected load ratios, leading to progressive accumulation of tensile strain normal to the crack-growth plane. Results also showed that low frequencies and superimposed hold periods at peak loads significantly enhanced strain accumulation at crack tip. Finite element simulation of crack growth was carried out under a constant ΔK-controlled loading condition, again ratchetting was observed ahead of the crack tip, similar to that for stationary cracks.A crack-growth criterion based on strain accumulation is proposed where a crack is assumed to grow when the accumulated strain ahead of the crack tip reaches a critical value over a characteristic distance. The criterion has been utilized in the prediction of crack-growth rates in a CT specimen at selected loading ranges, frequencies and dwell periods, and the predictions were compared with the experimental results.  相似文献   

9.
近年来,梯度纳米结构金属因其优越的力学性能和独特的塑性变形机理受到广泛关注,已成为材料与力学学科的热点和前沿。本文首先介绍梯度纳米结构金属的强度、塑性、加工硬化和抗疲劳等核心力学性能,以及晶粒长大、塑性应变梯度和几何必需位错等塑性变形机理及其力学研究。其次介绍梯度纳米结构金属的多尺度计算与模拟研究。最后讨论梯度纳米结构金属研究领域存在的挑战。  相似文献   

10.
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