输液管的非线性振动、分叉与混沌——现状与展望

围绕输液管的非线性振动、分叉与混沌问题，对近几年来的主要研究工作加以综述并提出预测，其中包括运动方程中非线性项的归纳与讨论、非线性动力分析的一些现代计算方法、定常流速下输液管的分叉与混沌行为、振荡流速下输液管的参数共振以及今后值得进一步研究的某些问题．     

输液管道附加支承刚度优化设计

研究液固耦合效应作用下,两端铰支输液管道系统附加支承的刚度和位置优化设计。应用有限元分析方法,建立了输液管道液固耦合振动方程。为有效控制管道结构的振动,利用在管道结构上附(增)加支承的方法,提高输液管道系统的固有频率,预防系统可能发生强烈的耦合振动导致不稳定状态。提出了附加支承最小(临界)刚度的快速计算策略和途径,分别探讨分析了输液管道内液体的流速、附加支承的位置以及第一阶固有频率的目标值对最优支承刚度值的影响。     

正交异性输液管的振动与稳定性分析

本文从Flügge正交异性壳体方程和线性势流理论出发,分析了正交异性输液圆柱壳的振动与稳定性能.文中利用梁振型函数展开和Galerkin方法最后把问题归结为一个矩阵复特征值问题.在形成矩阵元素时,采用直接数值积分,简便地解决了一系列广义积分的计算.几个算例说明了:降低壳体母线方向的弹性模量会显著减小临界流速;而改变壳体环向弹性模量则明显影响输液管的固有频率.     

输液曲管平面内振动的波动方法研究

采用Flügge曲梁模拟弯曲管道,推导了管内流体的加速度,在总体轴线不可伸长假定的基础上建立了曲管平面内振动的动力学方程;采用波动方法,获得了曲管内振动波的传播和反射矩阵,提出了计算曲管平面内振动固有频率的数值方法。算例分析中,通过计算两端固定半圆形曲管的临界流速并与已有文献结果对比,验证了本文方法的正确性。最后,计算了两端固定半圆形曲管在四种不同流速下的前四阶固有频率,结果表明,管内流速的增大会降低管道的固有频率,当流速增大到某一特定值时,管道的一阶固有频率消失。     

传递矩阵法分析约束悬臂裂纹管道失稳临界流速

研究了自由端受线性弹簧支承和扭转弹簧约束的悬臂输流管道在含有圆周非贯穿裂纹时的失稳临界流速;根据梁模型模态函数的一般表达式和裂纹处的关联式以及传递矩阵法推导出含裂纹梁的模态函数;根据特征方程具体分析了裂纹位置、裂纹深度、裂纹圆周角等参数对系统失稳临界流速的影响,并进行了数值仿真分析。结果表明:由于裂纹的存在,系统的失稳临界流速下降,动态失稳临界流速下降的速率和幅值均比静态失稳临界流速下的大;临界流速与裂纹位置、深度和裂纹圆周角等参数密切相关,特别是对颤振失稳临界流速的影响更明显,在裂纹位置、裂纹非贯穿圆周角、裂纹深度等参数影响下,管道的失稳形态将从屈曲失稳转变为颤振失稳。     

三参量固体模型粘弹性输流管道的动力特性分析

推导了三参量固体模型粘弹性输流管道的振动微分方程 ,计算了在不同无量纲松弛系数和弹性常数比下管道的无量纲临界流速和无量纲自振复频率 ,并给出了前三阶复频率与流速的关系 .计算结果表明 ,质量比、无量纲松弛系数及无量纲弹性常数比对输流管道的动力特性均有影响 .     

输液管道临界流速的傅里叶级数法

傅里叶级数法被用于计算输液管道的临界流速，与有限元等数值法相比，更为简单可靠。     

Housner方程解的改正和应用

本文对Housner方程的解进行了改正,提出以Housner方程作为振动管式含沙量测量仪和密度计的基本原理方程。导出了考虑流速影响的流体密度(或浑水密度)公式,使理论计算与实验结果比较一致。阐述了测低含沙量必须考虑流速的影响和临界流速v_c的公式是指导设计振动管的一个重要公式。     

三参量固体模型粘弹性输液管道的动力特性分析

推导了三参量固体模型粘弹性输流管道的振动微分方程，计算了在不同无量纲松弛系数和弹性常数比下管道的无量纲临界流速和无量纲自振复频率，并给出了前三阶复频率与流速的关系。计算结果表明，质量比，无量纲松弛系数及无量纲弹性常数比对输流管道的动力特性均有影响。     

固—液耦合Timoshenko管道的稳定性分析

根据Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ原理的固－液耦合振同分方程用幂级数法计算了Ｔｉｍｏｓｈｅｎｋｏ管道的固有频率和临界流速。给出了管道前三阶固有频率－流速的关系曲线,分析了转动惯量对该输流管道的稳定特性的影响。计算结果表明,转动一对两端简支的固－液合Ｔｉｍｏｓｈｅｎｋｏ管道的静力失稳没有影响,但对其频率特性和动力失稳有影响。     

Differential quadrature method to stability analysis of pipes conveying fluid with spring support

It is a new attempt to extend the differential quadrature method (DQM) to stability analysis of the straight and curved centerline pipes conveying fluid. Emphasis is placed on the study of the influences of several parameters on the critical flow velocity. Compared to other methods, this method can more easily deal with the pipe with spring support at its boundaries and asks for much less computing effort while giving aceptable precision in the numerical results. Supported by National Key Project of China (No. PD9521907) and the National Science Foundation of China (No. 19872025).     

THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIORS OF VISCOELASTIC PIPE CONVEYING FLUID WITH THE KELVIN MODEL

Based on the differential constitutive relationship of linear viscoelastic, material, a solid-liquid coupling vibration equation for viscoelastic pipe conveying fluid is derived by the D'Alembert's principle. The critical flow velocities and natural frequencies of the cantilever pipe conveying fluid with the Kelvin model (flutter instability) are calculated with the modified finite difference method in the form of the recurrence formula. The curves between the complex frequencies of the first, second and third mode and flow velocity of the pipe are plotted. On the basis of the numerical, calculation results, the dynamic behaviors and stability of the pipe are discussed. It should be pointed out that the delay time of viscoelastic material with the Kelvin model has a remarkable effect on the dynamic characteristics and stability behaviors of the cantilevered pipe conveying fluid, which is a gyroscopic non-conservative system.     

Analysis of coupled-mode flutter of pipes conveying fluid on the elastic foundation

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Dynamic Stability of a Fluid-Coveying Cantilevered Pipe on an Additional Combined Support

Based on an analytical study, a numerical analysis is made of the dynamic stability of a cantilevered steel pipe conveying a fluid. The pipe is modeled by a beam restrained at the left end and supported by a special device (a rotational elastic restraint plus a Q-apparatus) at the right end. The numerical analysis reveals that the critical velocity of the fluid depends on the governing parameters of the problem such as the ratio of the fluid mass to the pipe mass per unit length and the rotational elastic constant at the right end     

In-plane and out-of-plane dynamics of a curved pipe conveying pulsating fluid

This paper investigates the in-plane and out-of-plane dynamics of a curved pipe conveying fluid. Considering the extensibility, von Karman nonlinearity, and pulsating flow, the governing equations are derived by the Newtonian method. First, according to the modified inextensible theory, only the out-of-plane vibration is investigated based on a Galerkin method for discretizing the partial differential equations. The instability regions of combination parametric resonance and principal parametric resonance are determined by using the method of multiple scales (MMS). Parametric studies are also performed. Then the differential quadrature method (DQM) is adopted to discretize the complete pipe model and the nonlinear dynamic equations are carried out numerically with a fourth-order Runge–Kutta technique. The nonlinear dynamic responses are presented to validate the out-of-plane instability analysis and to demonstrate the influence of von Karman geometric nonlinearity. Further, some numerical results obtained in this work are compared with previous experimental results, showing the validity of the theoretical model developed in this paper.     

Nonlinear dynamics of a fluid-conveying curved pipe subjected to motion-limiting constraints and a harmonic excitation

This paper investigates the dynamical behaviour of a fluid-conveying curved pipe subjected to motion-limiting constraints and a harmonic excitation. Based on a Newtonian method, the in-plane equation of motion of this curved pipe is derived. Then a set of discrete equations in spatial space obtained by the differential quadrature method (DQM) is solved numerically. Emphasis is placed on the possible dynamical behaviour of the curved pipe conveying fluid. The numerical results show that the pipe without motion-limiting constraints but with a harmonic force behaves as an ordinary linear system. If, however, the pipe is subjected to cubic motion-limiting constraints, nonlinear dynamic phenomena of the system will occur. Calculations of bifurcation diagrams, phase-plane portraits, time responses, power spectrum diagrams, and Poincaré maps of the oscillations clearly demonstrate the existence of chaotic and quasiperiodic motions. Moreover, it is shown that the route to chaos is via a sequence of period-doubling bifurcations.     

接地惯容式减振器对悬臂输流管稳定性 和动态响应的影响研究

输流管道广泛应用于机械、航空、核电和石油等重要工程领域.为防止管道结构因流致振动破坏造成的损失, 很有必要对其稳定性、动力学响应及其调控进行深入研究.本文提出一种由惯容器、弹簧和阻尼器并联组成的减振器模型, 研究了这种接地惯容减振器对悬臂输流管稳定性和非线性振动的影响. 首先, 基于哈密顿原理给出了带有接地惯容减振器非保守系统的非线性动力学模型; 然后, 利用高阶伽辽金方法对非线性方程进行离散化; 最后, 分别从线性和非线性角度分析了不同减振器参数下输流管道的被动控制效果, 着重讨论了惯容系数和减振器安装位置对悬臂管稳定性和动态响应的影响机制.线性理论模型的研究结果显示, 接地惯容减振器可显著影响悬臂管的失稳临界流速, 故通过调节减振器参数能有效提高输流管道的稳定性;惯容系数和弹簧刚度对系统稳定性的控制效果还与减振器的安装位置密切相关.非线性理论模型的分析结果显示, 惯容系数和减振器位置对输流管的非线性动态响应也有显著影响, 且这种影响还依赖于管道的流速取值; 在某些参数条件下, 减振器还可使输流管道由周期运动演化为复杂的混沌行为. 本文研究结果表明, 通过设计合理的惯容式减振器参数, 可提升悬臂输流管道的稳定性并有效抑制其颤振幅值.