Reviews of fluid dynamics researches in wind energy engineering

中国风电行业发展十分迅速, 总装机容量和新增装机容量已达到世界第一, 主力机型将从兆瓦级发展到多兆瓦级(> 5 MW), 风资源已从陆地扩展到海上, 这些变化将带来一系列新的问题. 本文将就目前风力发电行业中的流体力学问题进行综述和探讨, 总结其研究现状及取得的进展. 主要包括大气边界层风特性、局部复杂地形影响及微观选址、风力机尾流干扰、风力机专用翼型族、风力机性能计算、气动弹性、海上风力发电的基础及水力作用等问题. 此外, 还针对目前发展迅速的计算流体力学问题进行了讨论. 最后指出中国风电技术的不足及措施.     

The role of porous media in biomedical engineering as related to magnetic resonance imaging and drug delivery

Pertinent works associated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and drug delivery are reviewed in this work to demonstrate the role of transport theory in porous media in advancing the progress in biomedical applications. Diffusion process is considered significant in many therapies such as delivering drugs to the brain. Progress in development of the diffusion equation using local volume-averaging technique and evaluation of the applications associated with the diffusion equation are analyzed. Tortuosity and porosity have a significant effect on the diffusion transport. Different relevant models of tortuosity are presented and mathematical modeling of drug release from biodegradable delivery systems are analyzed in this investigation. New models for the kinetics of drug release from porous biodegradable polymeric microspheres under bulk erosion and surface erosion of the polymer matrix are presented in this study. Diffusion of the dissolved drug, dissolution of the drug from the solid phase, and erosion of the polymer matrix are found to play a central role in controlling the overall drug release process. This study paves the road for the researchers in the area of MRI and drug delivery to develop comprehensive models based on porous media theory utilizing fewer assumptions as compared to other approaches.     

Nanozymes for biomedical applications in orthopaedics

As the next generation of artificial enzymes, nanozymes have attracted increasing attention in biomedical applications due to their multienzyme-like characteristics, multifunctionalities, low cost, and high stability. By taking advantage of their diverse activities, a growing number of nanozyme-mediated therapeutic strategies have been developed for various diseases. Herein, we provide a brief review of the representative studies of nanozymes, especially in orthopaedic diseases over the past decade, which include arthritis, osteoporosis, bone regeneration, bacteria-associated infections, and osteosarcoma. Moreover, the future potential applications and some major challenges are also discussed. This review would not only provide some instructive views of nanozymes but also promote the development of enzyme-mimetic strategies in orthopaedics.     

“破坏力学”教育部重点实验室1999年研究工作的若干进展

在１９９９年度,破坏力学教育部重点实验室（ＦＭＬ）承担科研项目５８项,到位科研经费３０１．２１万元,出版教材与学术专著３部,在国际学术期刊上发表论文３９篇,在国内期刊上发表论文８３篇,在国际会议上发表论文４６篇,在国内会议上发表论文１０篇,其中被ＳＣＩ收录的论文有３３篇．获得清华大学梅贻琦学术论文二等奖一项,获得莫比斯国际光盘评奖中国赛区“中国杯”奖三项．实验室在１９９９年度获得教育部批准的访问学者５人（其中国外学者１人）．１９９９年在教育部没有投入实验室开放课题基金的情况下,实验室克服困难自筹…     

Combustion in engineering

This is a theoretical study of the diffusive deposition of nucleated fog droplets on a low-pressure steam turbine blade operating between terminal conditions 0.23 bar, 3% wetness and 0.10 bar. Nucleation is assumed to occur at the nozzle passage entrance and fog droplets in the diameter range 0.01–1.00 μm invade both boundary layers in addition to the free stream. Droplets in the boundary layers are subject to diffusion and deposition. If the blade surface temperature is raised by internal heating, the droplets are also subject concurrently to thermophoresis and phase change. The boundary layers were divided into equal cells of size 4 mm flow-wise x 5 μm height-wise and the effects of the coupled phenomena were traced, using a comprehensive computer program, for the complete fluid transit for blade temperatures of 66–85°C. Calculations show that deposition can be inhibited by a modest degree of heating which for 1.0 μm drops is approximately 3 kW per m of blade length.     

Birefringent-fluid-flow method in engineering

The theories of the birefringent flow are reviewed. The development of the experimental techniques, the search for suitable birefringent fluids, and the application of the method to various engineering problems are presented. The special scattered-light polariscope for the three-dimensional birefringent flow and the research to establish the three-dimensional flow-optic law are discussed. A few examples of three-dimensional flow through straight channels with various cross sections are given.     

Crisis in engineering education

Experimental Techniques -     

Engineering lattice defects in 2D nanomaterials for enhancing biomedical performances

2D nanomaterials are widely investigated for biomedical applications, attributed to their large specific surface area, high therapeutic loading capacity, and unique optical, thermal, and/or electronic characteristics. Lattice defects affect the theranostic performance of 2D nanomaterials significantly by altering their electronic properties and chemical binding. Recent investigations have shown that defect-rich 2D nanomaterials are capable of enhancing tumor treatment through efficient drug delivery, photothermal and photodynamic therapies (PTT and PDT), and improving diagnostics via computed tomography (CT), photoacoustic and magnetic resonance imaging. This review summarizes recent progresses, including synthesis, characterization approach, and applications of defect-engineered 2D nanomaterials that are potentially useful in cancer treatment. The expert opinions are also proposed as the conclusion.     

Engineering lattice defects in 2D nanomaterials for enhancing biomedical performances

2D nanomaterials are widely investigated for biomedical applications,attributed to their large specific surface area,high therapeutic loading capacity,and uniqu...