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1.
This paper reviews some recent results concerning chemical synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and preparation of various types of magnetic nanofluids. Structural properties and behaviour in external magnetic field of magnetic nanofluids will be emphasized with relation to their use in leakage-free rotating seals and in biomedical applications.  相似文献   

2.
固体边界具有的微纳米结构将影响流体在近壁面处的流动行为,进而由于尺度效应改变流体在整个微间隙的流动或润滑规律.将壁面可渗透微纳米结构等效为多孔介质薄膜,采用Brinkman方程来描述流体在近壁面边界渗透层内的流动,并将其与自由流动区域的不可压缩流体Navier-Stokes控制方程耦合,在界面处的连续边界条件下求解和分析了速度分布规律和压力变化规律.针对恒定法向承载力的油膜润滑条件,进一步讨论了静止表面或运动表面的微纳米结构对近壁面流动行为的影响;并揭示了考虑壁面微纳米结构的流体动压润滑的油膜厚度和摩擦系数的变化规律.论文结果为具有可渗透微结构表面的微间隙流动与润滑提供了理论参考.  相似文献   

3.
叶冠吾 《力学季刊》1996,17(3):253-257
本文采用一维不可压流体动力模型,考虑爆炸产物轴向飞散引起的稀疏波的影响,求解金属管在套管内的爆炸挤压运动,计算结果与实测相当一致,表明该模型在管挤压运动直至中期阶段是有效的。  相似文献   

4.
The laminar fully developed nanofluid flow and heat transfer in a horizonal channel are investigated. Highly accurate solutions for the temperature and nanoparticle concentration distributions are obtained. The effects of the Brownian motion parameter N b, the thermophoresis parameter N t, and the Lewis number Le on the temperature and nanoparticle concentration distributions are discussed. The current analysis shows that the nanoparticles can improve the heat transfer characteristics significantly for this flow problem.  相似文献   

5.
通过实验方法研究了加入TiO2纳米颗粒的相变悬浮液流变特性. 研究表明,加入纳米颗 粒的相变悬浮液仍可被视为牛顿流体,温度对悬浮液的黏性系数有显著影响,其黏性系数随 温度变化的趋势与基液一致. 悬浮液的黏性随纳米颗粒浓度增加以非线性方式增加,当纳米 颗粒的质量浓度为5{\%}时,黏性的增量大约为23%.  相似文献   

6.
毛细血管—组织间流体交换的双重介质模型   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
吴望一  是长春 《力学学报》1989,21(6):649-656
  相似文献   

7.
依据盛有液体的旋转容器达到平衡时,液体的角速度与容器的角速度相等建立了实验模型,而且以此为基础设计了一种实验装置,来测量相对平衡时液体的角速度,并将其与容器的角速度数值进行比较寻找它们之间的关系.  相似文献   

8.
This paper presents some remarks on the perspectives of process engineering in the 21st century extracted from the discussion at the workshop. It is considered that the field will be upgraded by introducing knowledge in other fields, extended to even more applications by generalizing the relevant methods, and unified to, at least covered by,the complexity science. Transdisciplinarity is necessary to cope with this challenge.  相似文献   

9.
含液微纳米孔隙在自然界中普遍存在,在发展 日趋精密化、微型化的工业中也有着广泛的应用,深刻理解流体在微纳米通道内的物性变化对于相关自然现象以及工业应用具有重要的指导意义.本文基于分子动力学方法,建立了由金属铂板构成的二维纳米尺度通道分子模型,分别考察了受限Lennard-Jones流体和水的物性变化.根据密度、剪切应力和粘性在通道高度方向的分布情况,确定了两种流体的边界层厚度约为4.8 ?和4.6 ?.针对边界层内的流体,发现界面流体的粘性相比宏观尺度体态流体粘性明显提高,且随着固-液相互作用强度的增加而增加,但随着通道壁面晶格常数的增加而减少.基于计算结果,给出了由接触角表征的具有一定普适性的流体界面粘性计算公式.研究工作为微纳米尺度通道输运性能及其调控提供了有价值的参考和指导.  相似文献   

10.
Introduction ThestudiesofexcitablemediaconcernwithBZreaction,slimemoldaggregationand cardiactissue[1].Thepropertiesofthesemediaare:forsmallperturbationsthemediaquickly recovertotheirreststates,whileforstimuliexceedingathresholdthemediawillbeactivated andr…  相似文献   

11.
The aim of this paper is to study the development of mixed convection flow near the stagnation point region over an exponentially stretching/shrinking sheet in nanofluids. The external flow, stretching velocity and wall temperature are assumed to vary as prescribed exponential functions. Using the local similarity method, it has been shown that dual solutions of velocity and temperature exist for certain values of suction/injection, mixed convection, nanoparticle volume fraction and stretching/shrinking parameters. The transformed non-linear ordinary differential equations along with the boundary conditions form a two point boundary value problem and are solved using Shooting method, by converting into an initial value problem. In this method, the system of equations is converted into a set of first order system which is solved by fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. Three different types of nanoparticles, namely copper (Cu), aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and titanium oxide (TiO2) are considered by using water-based fluid with Prandtl number Pr = 6.2. It is also found that the skin friction coefficient and the heat transfer rate at the surface are highest for Copper–water nanofluids as compared to Al2O3. The effect of the solid volume fraction parameter φ of the nanofluids on the heat transfer characteristics is also investigated. The results indicate that dual solutions exist only for shrinking sheet. The effects of various parameters on the velocity and temperature profiles are also presented here.  相似文献   

12.
In this study, forced convection heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids are investigated by numerical analysis of incompressible transient laminar flow in a circular duct under step change in wall temperature and wall heat flux. The thermal responses of the system are obtained by solving energy equation under both transient and steady-state conditions for hydro-dynamically fully-developed flow. In the analyses, temperature dependent thermo-physical properties are also considered. In the numerical analysis, Al2O3/water nanofluid is assumed as a homogenous single-phase fluid. For the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids, Hamilton–Crosser model is used together with a model for Brownian motion in the analysis which takes the effects of temperature and the particle diameter into account. Temperature distributions across the tube for a step jump of wall temperature and also wall heat flux are obtained for various times during the transient calculations at a given location for a constant value of Peclet number and a particle diameter. Variations of thermal conductivity in turn, heat transfer enhancement is obtained at various times as a function of nanoparticle volume fractions, at a given nanoparticle diameter and Peclet number. The results are given under transient and steady-state conditions; steady-state conditions are obtained at larger times and enhancements are found by comparison to the base fluid heat transfer coefficient under the same conditions.  相似文献   

13.
An analysis is carried out to study the flow and heat transfer characteristics in a second grade fluid over a stretching sheet with prescribed surface temperature including the effects of frictional heating, internal heat generation or absorption, and work due to deformation. In order to solve the fourth-order non-linear differential equation, associated with the flow problem, a fourth boundary condition is augmented and a proper sign for the normal stress modulus is used. It is observed that for a physical flow problem the solution is unique. The solutions for the temperature and the heat transfer characteristics are obtained numerically and presented by a table and graphs. Furthermore, it is shown that the heat flow is always from the stretching sheet to the fluid.  相似文献   

14.
The heat transfer and fluid flow behavior of water based Al2O3 nanofluids are numerically investigated inside a two-sided lid-driven differentially heated rectangular cavity. Physical properties which have major effects on the heat transfer of nanofluids such as viscosity and thermal conductivity are experimentally investigated and correlated and subsequently used as input data in the numerical simulation. Transport equations are numerically solved with finite volume approach using SIMPLEC algorithm. It was found that not only the thermal conductivity but also the viscosity of nanofluids has a key role in the heat transfer of nanofluids. The results show that at low Reynolds number, increasing the volume fraction of nanoparticles increases the viscosity and has a deteriorating effect on the heat transfer of nanofluids. At high Reynolds number, the increase in the viscosity is compensated by force convection and the increase in the volume fraction of nanoparticles which results in an increase in heat transfer is in coincidence with experimental results.  相似文献   

15.
The heat transfer characteristics of the heat transfer devices can be done by changing the fluid transport properties and flow features of working fluids. In the present study, therefore, the heat transfer characteristics of two-phase closed thermosyphon (TPCT) with iron oxide-nanofluids are presented. The TPCT is fabricated from the copper tube with the outer diameter and length of 15, 2000 mm, respectively. The TPCT with the de-ionic water and nanofluids (water and nanoparticles) are tested. The iron oxide nanoparticles with mean diameter of 4-5 nm were obtained by the laser pyrolysis technique and the mixtures of water and nanoparticles are prepared using an ultrasonic homogenizer. Effects of TPCT inclination angle, operating temperature and nanoparticles concentration levels on the heat transfer characteristics of TPCT are considered. The nanoparticles have a significant effect on the enhancement of heat transfer characteristics of TPCT. The heat transfer characteristics of TPCT with the nanofluids are compared with that the based fluid.  相似文献   

16.
In the present study, free convection and heat transfer behavior of electrically conducting fluid in the boundary layer over a vertical continuously stretching surface is investigated. The effects of free convection, magnetic field, suction/blowing at the surface and the stretching speed of the surface on the flow and heat transfer characteristics are considered. By applying one-parametric group theory to analysis of the problem, a similarity solution is found. The governing equations of continuity, momentum and energy are solved numerically by a fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme. The numerical results, which are obtained for the flow and heat transfer characteristics, reveal the influences of the parameters. Received on 9 September 1998  相似文献   

17.
A Cartesian grid-based sharp interface method is presented for viscous simulations of shocked particle-laden flows. The moving solid–fluid interfaces are represented using level sets. A moving least-squares reconstruction is developed to apply the no-slip boundary condition at solid–fluid interfaces and to supply viscous stresses to the fluid. The algorithms developed in this paper are benchmarked against similarity solutions for the boundary layer over a fixed flat plate and against numerical solutions for moving interface problems such as shock-induced lift-off of a cylinder in a channel. The framework is extended to 3D and applied to calculate low Reynolds number steady supersonic flow over a sphere. Viscous simulation of the interaction of a particle cloud with an incident planar shock is demonstrated; the average drag on the particles and the vorticity field in the cloud are compared to the inviscid case to elucidate the effects of viscosity on momentum transfer between the particle and fluid phases. The methods developed will be useful for obtaining accurate momentum and heat transfer closure models for macro-scale shocked particulate flow applications such as blast waves and dust explosions.  相似文献   

18.
Nanofluid is the term applied to a suspension of solid, nanometer-sized particles in conventional fluids; the most prominent features of such fluids include enhanced heat characteristics, such as convective heat transfer coefficient, in comparison to the base fluid without considerable alterations in physical and chemical properties. In this study, nanofluids of aluminum oxide and copper oxide were prepared in ethylene glycol separately. The effect of forced convective heat transfer coefficient in turbulent flow was calculated using a double pipe and plate heat exchangers. Furthermore, we calculated the forced convective heat transfer coefficient of the nanofluids using theoretical correlations in order to compare the results with the experimental data. We also evaluated the effects of particle concentration and operating temperature on the forced convective heat transfer coefficient of the nanofluids. The findings indicate considerable enhancement in convective heat transfer coefficient of the nanofluids as compared to the base fluid, ranging from 2% to 50%. Moreover, the results indicate that with increasing nanoparticles concentration and nanofluid temperature, the convective heat transfer coefficient of nanofluid increases. Our experiments revealed that in lower temperatures, the theoretical and experimental findings coincide; however, in higher temperatures and with increased concentrations of the nanoparticles in ethylene glycol, the two set of results tend to have growing discrepancies.  相似文献   

19.
This study explores the effects of electro-magneto-hydrodynamics,Hall currents,and convective and slip boundary conditions on the peristaltic propulsion of nanofluids(considered as couple stress nanofluids)through porous symmetric microchannels.The phenomena of energy and mass transfer are considered under thermal radiation and heat source/sink.The governing equations are modeled and non-dimensionalized under appropriate dimensionless quantities.The resulting system is solved numerically with MATHEMATICA(with an in-built function,namely the Runge-Kutta scheme).Graphical results are presented for various fluid flow quantities,such as the velocity,the nanoparticle temperature,the nanoparticle concentration,the skin friction,the nanoparticle heat transfer coefficient,the nanoparticle concentration coefficient,and the trapping phenomena.The results indicate that the nanoparticle heat transfer coefficient is enhanced for the larger values of thermophoresis parameters.Furthermore,an intriguing phenomenon is observed in trapping:the trapped bolus is expanded with an increase in the Hartmann number.However,the bolus size decreases with the increasing values of both the Darcy number and the electroosmotic parameter.  相似文献   

20.
In this paper we have studied the effects of temperature dependent fluid properties such as density, viscosity and thermal conductivity and variable Prandtl number on unsteady convective heat transfer flow over a porous rotating disk. Using similarity transformations we reduce the governing nonlinear partial differential equations for flow and heat transfer into a system of ordinary differential equations which are then solved numerically by applying Nachtsheim–Swigert shooting iteration technique along with sixth-order Runge–Kutta integration scheme. Comparison with previously published work for steady case of the problem were performed and found to be in very good agreement. The obtained numerical results show that the rate of heat transfer in a fluid of constant properties is higher than in a fluid of variable properties. The results further show that consideration of Prandtl number as constant within the boundary layer for variable fluid properties lead unrealistic results. Therefore, modeling thermal boundary layers with temperature dependent fluid properties Prandtl number must treated as variable inside the boundary layer.  相似文献   

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