基于神经网络的结构分析与优化技术研究进展

近几年来，神经网络在结构分析与优化中得到了应用，本文介绍即将形成的神经网络结构近似分析方法、神经网络结构分析方法、神经网络的结构优化策略等新的研究领域的研究进展。     

随机有限元动力分析方法的研究进展

对随机结构动力分析方法,包括随机模拟法、摄动随机有限元法、动态随机有限元法和正交展开法等进行了评述,介绍了该领域内的研究进展,并讨论了研究中存在的问题以及发展方向．     

拓扑互锁结构研究现状及展望

拓扑互锁是一种新兴的结构设计理念，因特别的构成和连接方式，具有较优的力学性能，包括杰出的结构韧性、抗裂纹延展及抗局部破坏能力、较好的能量吸收能力等，近年来在众多领域内引起广泛关注。很多学者对此展开多方面的创新研究，取得了很大进展。首先在性能特征方面，目前关于拓扑互锁材料在准静态变形过程中的力学性能的分析研究已经较为全面，结构动态响应的分析也已有所开展；基于力学性能的研究，材料结构优化是近年研究的一个重点、正在系统化地完善之中；在工程应用方面，拓扑互锁结构在工程防护、航天材料、建筑设计、新型材料等一些领域都有应用研究，而且近年呈现出多元化、新颖有趣的趋势。本研究从拓扑互锁结构的优势特点、结构类型和应用等几个方面介绍近年来拓扑互锁结构国内外研究的进展及现状；在分析研究现状的基础上，也对拓扑互锁结构的未来发展趋势及可能拓展的工程应用进行了展望。     

干摩擦阻尼及其在工程结构被动减振设计中的应用研究

本文在广泛收集有关研究资料基础上，着重总结国外工程领域在工程结构减振或抗震设计方面干摩擦阻尼应用的研究成果．文中首先分析和讨论描述摩擦力变化规律的现有的基本物理模型及其干摩擦系统分析和计算中三种主要方法，其次概括性地介绍干摩擦阻尼在发动机叶片减振、组合结构动力学设计、高层建筑的地震基础隔离及其铁路和公路车辆悬挂系统等主要工程领域内的研究进展     

振动主动控制当前的主要研究课题

近１０年来对振动主动控制的研究集中在挠性航天结构主动控制减振、巨型土木工程结构主动控制减振和车辆半主动控制隔扼等几个重要领域，本文简略回顾了这些领域主动控制减振的发展过程，着重介绍了近期的研究情况和当前的主要研究课题．     

土木工程结构健康监测系统的研究状况与进展

土木工程结构健康监测的研究是近年来国际学术研究的热点问题之一, 涉及许多不同的研究领域,如数据采集系统、信号处理、结构分析等.阐述了实施土木工程结构健康监测的必要性和 迫切性,介绍了结构健康监测系统的概念、组成及其应用,分析研究了结构健康监测系统的各个子系统的功能、特点和实现方法, 重点讨论了实现各子系统的理论、方法和存在的若干力学问题,论述了结构健康监测在国内外土木工程领域的应用状况, 最后对结构健康监测领域的几个重要问题做了展望.     

新中国航空事业的先驱者——张阿舟

张阿舟先生是我国著名的航空工程专家、固体力学家、教育家. 在20世纪后半叶,尤其是在新中国工业化初期的艰苦条件下,他面向我国航空工业发展需求,攻坚克难、培养后学,取得了突出成就. 本文全面回顾张阿舟先生的学术生涯, 介绍他在飞机结构强度、结构动力学、工程动力学反问题三个领域的主要学术贡献, 归纳他的治学特点. 文中介绍了张阿舟先生的航空报国情怀,以丰富的事例说明:他在主持新中国第一架飞机静力试验研究中发挥了核心作用, 在开拓我国飞机结构静/动强度等研究领域中发挥了引领作用, 在培养航空、力学领域的优秀人才中发挥了重要指导作用.      

结构有限元分析并行处理的研究进展

在过去20年, 由于并行计算机的出现, 对结构工程应用的有限元算法研究已取得很大的 进展. 为了将串行机上运行的算法改成并行和研制适应于并行计算机的新方法, 一直在进行 大量的研究. 本文论述了该领域一些已有的有限元并行算法, 对适应结构工程的一些有限元 并行算法进行概括. 对该领域的未来发展趋势作了展望.     

热-力联合作用下柱壳结构变形的计算分析

本文研究了激光连续加热和恒内压作用下柱壳结构的变形规律。以4340钢材料作为研究对象，其本构方程选用热粘塑性本构模型（Johnson-Cook模型）；选取某一应变率为临界值（本文中临界应变率取为1s^-1)。考察了激光功率密度，预载荷大小，激光作用时间等对结构变形规律的影响。主要结论有：结构失稳是导致激光辐照下充内压柱壳破坏的重要原因；激光功率密度和内压越高，结构破坏时间越短；根据辐照时间的长短，预测到了结构急速破坏，延迟破坏和不破坏三种模式。本工作对于深入认识激光作用下预载结构的热－力联合破坏有一定意义。     

工程索结构动力学:非线性建模与分析

索结构因其轻、柔及高强度等特性被作为受拉构件广泛应用于工程领域.一方面,环境载荷激励下索结构产生了复杂的大幅动力响应,给结构带来危害;另一方面,索结构是一个同时含有平方和立方非线性的典型力学系统,具有非常丰富的非线性动力学行为.因此,索动力学的研究受到了工程界和力学界的广泛关注,产生了大量的研究成果.本文尝试从索结构动力学建模、非线性内共振分析、支座运动激励下的索动力学以及复杂环境载荷作用4个方面对索动力学研究进行总结,并讨论目前研究的局限性.     

Strain energy release rate for interfacial cracks in hybrid beams

The finite element modeling and fracture mechanics concept were used to study the interfacial fracture of a FRP-concrete hybrid structure. The strain energy release rate of the interfacial crack was calculated by the virtual crack extension method. It is shown that the crack growth has three phases, namely, cracking initiation, stable crack growth and unstable crack propagation. The effects of geometric and physical parameters of the hybrid beam on the energy release rate were considered. These parameters include Young’s moduli of the FRP, the concrete and the adhesive, thickness of the FRP plate and adhesive, and the distance of FRP plate end from the beam end. The numerical results show that the energy release rate of the interfacial crack is influenced considerably by these parameters. The present investigation can contribute to the mechanism understanding and engineering design of the hybrid structures.     

杂交梁界面剪应力的理论分析和数值模拟

采用解析和数值方法研究FRP-混凝土杂交梁的界面应力问题。提出了杂交梁的新的力学模型和假设,克服了以往的分析模型中界面应力表达式非常复杂和界面应力的解析解与数值解相差较大的缺点,本文得到的FRP板加固梁的界面剪应力表达式与数值结果符合很好,并且具有简捷的表达式。利用有限元法研究了杂交梁各物理参数对界面剪应力的影响。研究表明,界面剪应力在FRP板的端部存在应力集中或应力奇性,这是造成杂交梁界面破坏的主要原因。这项研究对进行杂交结构的工程设计具有理论指导和参考价值。     

铝质舰体轻型复合装甲试验研究

以纤维增强复合材料（FRP）层合板前置铝板模拟铝质舰体轻型复合装甲结构,对采用不同增强纤维FRP层合板有间隙复合装甲结构进行7.62 mm制式尖头弹打靶试验。基于FRP抗弹机理的分析,着重讨论了入射角度和增强纤维种类对组合装甲结构抗弹性能的影响,对铝质舰体设置轻型复合装甲以抵御小口径武器攻击的可行性进行评估。     

ANALYTICAL ANALYSIS OF INTERFACIAL STRESSES IN FRP-RC HYBRID BEAMS WITH TIME-DEPENDENT DEFORMATIONS OF RC BEAM

In this paper, the effect of time-dependent deformations (such as shrinkage and creep) on the interfacial stresses between an RC beam and FRP plate is presented. For this end, a closed-form solution for such stresses in externally FRP plated RC beams including creep and shrinkage effects is presented. The developed model is formulated to predict the interfacial stresses at time ‘t’, in which the RC beams have been already subjected to creep and shrinkage effects. The adherend shear deformations have been included in the present theoretical analysis by assuming a parabolic shear stress through the thickness of the RC beam and the FRP panel. Contrary to some existing studies, the assumption that both RC beam and FRP panel have the same curvature is not used in the present investigation. This research is helpful for the understanding on mechanical behavior of the interface and design of the FRP-RC hybrid structures.     

Compliance rate change of tapered double cantilever beam specimen with hybrid interface bonds

This paper presents a combined numerical and experimental study of compliance rate change of Tapered Double Cantilever Beam (TDCB) specimens for Mode-I fracture of hybrid interface bonds. The easily machinable TDCB specimen, which is designed to achieve a constant rate of compliance change with respect to crack length, is developed for Mode-I fracture tests of hybrid material bonded interfaces, such as wood bonded to fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) composite. The linearity of compliance crack-length relationship of the specimen is verified by both Rayleigh–Ritz method and finite element analysis. An experimental compliance calibration program for specimens with wood–wood and FRP–FRP bonded interfaces is carried out, and a constant rate change of compliance with respect to crack length is obtained for a specific range of crack length. Fracture tests are further performed using TDCB specimens for wood–wood and wood–FRP bonded interfaces to determine the critical loads for crack initiation and crack arrest, and using the constant compliance rate change of the specimens determined by experiment or analysis, the respective critical strain energy release rates, or fracture energies, are obtained. This study indicates that the constant compliance rate change obtained from experiment or finite element analysis for linear-slope TDCB specimens can be used with confidence for fracture studies of hybrid material interface bonds.     

FRP加固梁的FRP-混凝土界面脱胶分析

为了研究纤维增强聚合物(fiber reinforced polymer, FRP) 加固梁的FRP-混凝土界面脱胶破坏过程,本文将混凝土梁和FRP 板均视为线弹性的欧拉-伯努利梁(Euler-Bernoulli beams), 且两者通过粘结层胶结在一起. 对于FRP-混凝土结构,有两种形式的脱胶破坏：板端脱胶破坏和跨中裂缝导致的脱胶破坏.对于FRP-混凝土梁,利用合理的粘结模型按第2 种脱胶失效形式,详细讨论了FRP-混凝土界面的脱胶过程,得到了不同阶段的胶结滑移、界面剪应力和FRP 轴向力的解析解. 实验研究验证了理论分析的结果,参数研究进一步探讨了胶结长度和粘结层厚度对于FRP-混凝土界面脱胶行为的影响.     

Improved theoretical solution for interfacial stresses in concrete beams strengthened with FRP plate

In this paper, an improved theoretical interfacial stress analysis is presented for simply supported concrete beam bonded with a FRP plate. The adherend shear deformations have been included in the present theoretical analyses by assuming a linear shear stress through the thickness of the adherends, while all existing solutions neglect this effect. Remarkable effect of shear deformations of adherends has been noted in the results. Indeed, the resulting interfacial stresses concentrations are considerably smaller than those obtained by other models which neglect adherent shear deformations. It is shown that both the normal and shear stresses at the interface are influenced by the material and geometry parameters of the composite beam. This research is helpful for the understanding on mechanical behavior of the interface and design of the FRP–RC hybrid structures.     

Finite element analysis of interfacial stresses in FRP–RC hybrid beams

The interfacial stresses in fiber reinforced plastic (FRP)–reinforced concrete (RC) hybrid beams were studied by the finite element method. The mesh sensitivity test shows that the finite element results for interfacial stresses are not sensitive to the finite element mesh. The finite element analysis then is used to calculate the interfacial stress distribution and evaluate the effect of the structural parameters on the interfacial behavior. It is shown that both the normal and shear stresses at the interface are influenced by the material and geometry parameters of the composite beam. This research is helpful for the understanding on mechanical behavior of the interface and design of the FRP–RC hybrid structures.     

FRP片材在土建修复加固工程中应用的力学问题

纤维增强复合材料(FRP)片材由于其优异的力学性能和施工的便捷性而备受国内外土木建筑领域的高度关注,并得到了迅速的推广应用.本文结合国内外的研究现状及本课题组的研究工作,对FRP片材(纤维布、纤维板和纤维薄板)在土木建筑修复加固工程中应用的主要力学问题-FRP片材加固钢筋混凝土(RC)构件的静力学性能、疲劳性能、界面的力学性能、以及构件的耐久性等进行综述和讨论,并试图指出今后有关FRP片材修复加固RC构件力学性能的研究方向.     

FRP-to-concrete interfaces between two adjacent cracks: Theoretical model for debonding failure

External bonding of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites has become a popular technique for strengthening concrete structures all over the world. The performance of the interface between FRP and concrete is one of the key factors affecting the behaviour of the strengthened structure. Existing laboratory research has shown that the majority of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with a bonded FRP soffit plate fail due to debonding of the plate from the concrete. Two types of debonding failures have been commonly observed: plate end debonding and intermediate crack induced debonding. In order to understand and develop methods to predict such debonding failures, the bond behaviour between concrete and FRP has been widely studied using simple shear tests on FRP plate/sheet-to-concrete bonded joints and a great deal of research is now available on the behaviour of these bonded joints. However, for intermediate crack induced debonding failures, the debonding behaviour can be significantly different from that observed in a simple shear test. Among other factors, the most significant difference may be that the FRP plate between two adjacent cracks is subject to tension at both cracks. This paper presents an analytical solution for the debonding process in an FRP-to-concrete bonded joint model where the FRP plate is subject to tension at both ends. A realistic bi-linear local bond-slip law is employed. Expressions for the interfacial shear stress distribution and the load–displacement response are derived for different loading stages. The debonding process is discussed in detail. Finally, results from the analytical solution are presented to illustrate how the bond length affects the behaviour of such bonded joints. While the emphasis of the paper is on FRP-to-concrete joints, the analytical solution is equally applicable to similar joints between thin plates of other materials (e.g. steel and aluminium) and concrete.