煤层气三孔双渗流动模型及压力分析

通过对美国Antrim页岩气藏及一些别的低阶煤层的研究表明,在基质颗粒中也有相当一部分自由气存在。本文建立了低阶煤层中单相煤层气三孔双渗流动的试井模型,并获得了模型在拉氏空间上的解析解以及模型的数值解,讨论了储层外边界条件、弹性储容比、窜流系数以及吸附系数等参数对于压力动态响应的影响。结果表明：外边界条件决定着早期过渡段出现的早晚;窜流系数和弹性储容比影响窜流阶段出现的早晚;而吸附系数对晚期过渡段影响明显。     

三维动态裂纹问题的超奇异积分方程法

基于弹性材料的动态基本方程，结合广义Betti-Rayleigh互易等式与时域下的边界积分方程，推导得到时域下的超奇异积分方程组。引入Laplace域下的动态基本解，将经过主部分析的积分核函数分解为静态和动态部分，其中动态积分核不具有奇异性。在裂纹前沿附近单元，采用与理论分析一致的平方根位移模型。结合Lubich时间卷积实现拉氏变换，采用配置点法计算超奇异积分，获得问题的数值解。并针对椭圆裂纹算例编写Fortran程序，得到冲击荷载作用下张开型裂纹的动态应力强度因子变化规律，数值结果稳定且收敛速度快。     

基于统一强度理论的组合厚壁圆筒弹塑性统一解

基于统一强度理论,考虑中间主应力效应及拉压不等特性,对双层和多层厚壁圆筒进行弹塑性分析,分别建立了材料相同双层厚壁圆筒最佳分层半径、套装压力和套装过盈量的基本解,以及组合厚壁圆筒的弹塑性统一解,得出统一强度理论参数、拉压比、半径比和组合筒体层数对统一解的影响特性。该结果具有通用性,适用于拉压异性组合厚壁圆筒压力容器的相关问题;考虑中间主应力的影响,能充分发挥组合筒体的强度潜能,为组合厚壁筒的设计及工程应用提供一定的参考。     

考虑井储和表皮效应的分形介质煤层气压力动态分析

考虑煤层的双重介质特征和介质的分形特征,建立了考虑井筒储存和表皮效应影响的分形介质煤储层非平衡吸附、非稳态条件下的气体流动数学模型,并分别求得了无限大地层条件下中心一口井定产量生产时无因次井底压力的Laplace空间解析解和实空间上的数值解.给出了无因次井底压力及其导数随分形参数、无因次井筒储存系数以及表皮系数等变化的双对数曲线图.     

三维动态裂纹问题的超奇异积分方程法

基于弹性材料的动态基本方程,结合广义Betti-Rayleigh互易等式与时域下的边界积分方程,推导得到时域下的超奇异积分方程组。引入Laplace域下的动态基本解,将经过主部分析的积分核函数分解为静态和动态部分,其中动态积分核不具有奇异性。在裂纹前沿附近单元,采用与理论分析一致的平方根位移模型。结合Lubich时间卷积实现拉氏变换,采用配置点法计算超奇异积分,获得问题的数值解。并针对椭圆裂纹算例编写Fortran程序,得到冲击荷载作用下张开型裂纹的动态应力强度因子变化规律,数值结果稳定且收敛速度快。     

考虑表面效应的双层圆板的自由振动分析

考虑微生化传感器中谐振器的结构特点,基于Kirchhoff薄板理论与表面弹性理论推导了考虑表面效应的双层圆板的自由振动方程。使用伽辽金法得到了近似解。分析了硬化与软化表面效应与表面残余应力对双层圆板固有频率的影响。结果表明,与已有简化的单层圆板模型相比,现有考虑表面效应的双层板模型会得到与之不同的固有频率。随着板厚与上下两层板厚度比的变化,单层板模型预测的结果会比实际值偏大或者偏小,将无法为传感器膜片的研究与设计提供准确的理论值。对具有双层结构的传感器膜片的理论研究,使用现有模型得到的结果更加准确。     

具有复合正交异性铺层和偏心加筋的圆柱壳体的屈曲问题

本文导出了具有正交异性复合铺层和偏心加筋的圆柱壳体在轴压、横向压力或它们的任意组合作用下的屈曲问题的近似解,文中提出的方法使壳中不同铺层及偏心加筋引起的弯曲与拉伸间的耦合研究成为可能。以前的研究方法表明由于忽略了弯一拉耦合效应,所予测的屈曲结果是不完全正确的。     

标准线性固体土模型条件下桩的动力响应分析与应用

在桩侧土为标准线性固体模型条件下，建立了成层土中考虑桩端和桩侧土作用的有限长桩，桩顶受纵向激励情况下的定解问题，用拉氏变化(Laplace)求得桩顶阻抗函数和速度频率响应的函数，然后利用卷积定理和傅立叶(Fourier)逆交换求得任意激振力作用下桩顶速度响应的半解析解，并研究了模型中各个主要参数对桩顶响应及速度响应曲线的影响，并分析了缺陷桩和不同土参数对曲线的影响，得到了许多新的有意义的结论。     

反对称铺设复合材料层合板非线性后屈曲分析

基于层合板壳理论，考虑反对称铺设层合板的拉弯耦合效应和后屈曲过程中的非线性几何变形，推导了由应力函数和挠度表示的复合材料层合板的后屈曲控制方程。引入无量纲参数对控制方程和边界条件进行无量纲化，以消除材料参数及几何尺寸对分析结果的影响。采用摄动法将无量纲的非线性控制方程及边界条件展开成一系列非齐次线性摄动方程组，分析各阶摄动方程的通解与特解的构造，并逐次求解，建立了反对称铺设复合材料层合板受单向均布压力作用的临界屈曲荷载及后屈曲平衡路径的理论解。进而运用ABAQUS软件对复合材料层合板在面内压缩载荷作用下的屈曲和后屈曲进行有限元分析，结果表明理论解与ABAQUS结果十分接近，验证了理论解的正确性。在此基础上进一步讨论了铺设角度、铺设层数和拉弯耦合效应等对层合板后屈曲性能的影响。研究发现层合板的屈曲载荷受铺设角度与层数的影响较为显著，而拉弯耦合效应使板的屈后强度大大降低。     

含复合铠装层的非黏结柔性立管轴对称载荷响应

针对新型含复合材料铠装层的非黏结柔性立管,推导了各向异性复合材料拉力铠装层在内、外压和轴拉力作用下的控制方程,且考虑了载荷作用下可能出现的层间间隙,建立了非黏结柔性立管的轴对称载荷响应模型。采用循环验证算法求解,获得了管道的抗拉刚度、抗扭刚度、层间压力、层间间隙等重要参数。建立了有限元仿真模型,验证了理论模型的可靠性。算例研究表明:层间间隙出现在螺旋层与圆筒层之间,不考虑间隙时,抗拉刚度的预测值较高;相较于传统的钢质铠装层柔性管,复合铠装层管的抗拉刚度以及抗扭刚度均更大,且抗拉刚度随着管外压力增大而降低程度更小,复合铠装层在柔性立管的应用中能够达到铠装层的刚度性能要求。     

The Flow Problem of Fluids Flow in a Fractal Reservoir with Double Porosity

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Energetic versus maximally-dissipative local solutions of a quasi-static rate-independent mixed-mode delamination model

A quasi-static rate-independent model of delamination of linearly elastic bodies at small strains, sensitive to mode of delamination, using interfacial damage and interfacial plasticity as two internal parameters, is further developed with the aim to extract representations typically employed in engineering interface-models, i.e. fracture envelope and fracture energy dependence on the mode mixity, which are suitable for the model fitting to experimental data. Moreover, two concepts of solutions are implemented: globally stable energy-conserving solutions or stress-driven maximally-dissipative local solutions, arising by the fully implicit or by a semi-implicit time-stepping procedures, respectively, both yielding numerically stable and convergent time-discretizations. Spatial discretization is performed by the symmetric Galerkin boundary-element method (SGBEM). Alternating quadratic programming is implemented to cope with, respectively, global or local, energy-minimizations in the computation of the time-discretized solutions. Sample 2D numerical examples document applicability of the model as well as efficiency of the SGBEM numerical implementation and facilitate comparison of the two mentioned solution concepts.     

混凝土中爆炸应力波衰减规律的数值模拟研究

基于Kong-Fang混凝土材料模型和LS-DYNA的多物质ALE算法,开展混凝土中爆炸波衰减规律的数值模拟研究。首先,基于已有实验数据对材料模型参数和数值算法的可靠性进行了验证,在此基础上分析球形装药在混凝土自由场中爆炸波衰减规律,利用量纲分析和数值模拟拟合了球形装药在混凝土自由场中近区爆炸波峰值应力计算公式并明确其适用范围;然后,分析装药埋深对混凝土中装药正下方不同距离处爆炸波峰值应力分布的影响,建立了耦合系数与装药埋深和测点距离之间的定量关系。结果表明:Kong-Fang混凝土材料模型可实现对混凝土中爆炸波传播衰减规律的高精度数值模拟;定义混凝土中装药质量系数和耦合常数,可定量描述装药埋深和测点距离对峰值应力耦合系数的影响;建立的混凝土中近区爆炸波峰值应力计算公式可较准确地快速预测不同装药埋深、不同测点距离和不同混凝土强度时爆炸波峰值应力。研究结果可为混凝土结构抗爆设计和爆炸毁伤评估提供参考。     

Unsteady mixed convection flow over stretching sheet in presence of chemical reaction and heat generation or absorption with non-uniform slot suction or injection

The article examines the unsteady mixed convection flow over a vertical stretching sheet in the presence of chemical reaction and heat generation or absorption with non-uniform mass transfer. The unsteadiness is caused by the time dependent free stream velocity varying arbitrarily with time. Non-similar solutions are obtained numerically by solving the coupled nonlinear partial differential equations using the quasilinearization technique in combination with an implicit finite difference scheme. To reveal the tendency of the solutions, typical results for the local skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are presented for different values of parameters. The effects of various parameters on the velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions are discussed here. The present numerical results are compared with the previously published work, and the results are found to be in excellent agreement.     

一个基于塑性的损伤本构模型的参数辨识

研究了一个用于混凝土的基于塑性的损伤模型本构参数辨识问题。把从实验获得的应力-应变曲线与数值计算中获得的应力-应变曲线的差别,作为局部水平上最小二乘法的目标函数。为了求解这个反问题,局部水平上求解损伤弹塑性正问题的子程序被嵌入到本文的反问题的迭代格式之中。灵敏度系数矩阵是通过有限差分方法近似计算得到的。给出的数值计算例子计算了单轴压缩试验结果的参数辨识问题。采用反分析得到的模型参数值,对单向拉伸及三种不同侧压作用下的压缩试验进行了数值模拟。数值结果表明:本文采用的应力反分析计算格式稳定,且具有合理的准确性,数值计算得到的应力-应变结果可以较准确地拟合实验曲线。     

Semi-Analytical Solutions for a Partially Penetrated Well with Wellbore Storage and Skin Effects in a Double-Porosity System with a Gas Cap

We have studied the effect of a constant top pressure on the pressure transient analysis of a partially penetrated well in an infinite-acting fractured reservoir with wellbore storage and skin factor effects. Semi-analytical solutions of a two-dimensional diffusivity equation have been obtained by using successive applications of the Laplace and modified finite Fourier sine transforms. Both pseudo-steady-state and transient exchanges between the matrix and the fractures have been considered. Solutions are presented that can be used to generate type curves for pressure transient analysis or can be used as a forward model in parameter estimation. The presented analysis has applications in well testing of fractured aquifers and naturally fractured oil reservoirs with a gas cap.     

KdV方程孤立子及其相互作用的Petrov-Galerkin有限元数值模拟

本文给出一种Petrov-Galerkin有限元方法,并用以求Kdv方程各种初值问题的数值解,包括孤立波进波解,多个孤立于的相互作用,孤立子与振荡尾波等,所得结果与分析解及其它数值结果作了比较,表明本方法精度高、稳定性好,几乎没有高频伪振荡,计算程序简洁、明瞭,经济实用。     

Effects of the chemical reaction and heat generation or absorption on a mixed convection boundary layer flow over a vertical stretching sheet with nonuniform slot mass transfer

An analysis is performed to study the effects of the chemical reaction and heat generation or absorption on a steady mixed convection boundary layer flow over a vertical stretching sheet with nonuniform slot mass transfer. The governing boundary layer equations with boundary conditions are transformed into the dimensionless form by a group of nonsimilar transformations. Nonsimilar solutions are obtained numerically by solving the coupled nonlinear partial differential equations using the quasi-linearization technique combined with an implicit finite difference scheme. The numerical computations are carried out for different values of dimensionless parameters to display the distributions of the velocity, temperature, concentration, local skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number, and local Sherwood number. The results obtained indicate that the local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers increase with nonuniform slot suction, but nonuniform slot injection produces the opposite effect. The local Nusselt number decreases with heat generation and increases with heat absorption.     

考虑诱导缝多段压裂水平井非均质改造压力动态模型研究

为了准确模拟致密油藏水平井大规模压裂形成复杂裂缝网络系统和非均质储层井底压力变化,建立考虑诱导缝矩形非均质储层多段压裂水平井不稳定渗流数学模型,耦合裂缝模型与储层模型得到有限导流裂缝拉普拉斯空间井底压力解,对两种非均质储层模型分别利用数值解、边界元和已有模型验证其准确性.基于压力导数曲线特征进行流动阶段划分和参数敏感性分析,得到以下结果:和常规压裂水平井井底压力导数曲线相比较,理想模式下,考虑诱导缝影响时特有的流动阶段是综合线性流阶段、诱导缝向压裂裂缝“补充”阶段、储层线性流动阶段和拟边界控制流阶段.诱导缝条数的增加加剧了综合线性流阶段的持续时间,降低了流体渗流阻力,早期阶段压力曲线越低;当诱导缝与压裂裂缝导流能力一定时,裂缝导流能力越大,线性流持续时间越长;当所有压裂裂缝不在一个区域时,沿井筒方向两端区域低渗透率弱化了低渗区域诱导缝流体向压裂裂缝“补充”阶段,因此,沿井筒方向两端区域渗透率越低,早期阶段压力曲线越高;当所有压裂裂缝在一个区域时,渗透率变化只影响径向流阶段之后压力曲线形态,外区渗透率越低,早期径向流阶段之后压力曲线越高.通过实例验证,表明该模型和方法的实用性和准确性.     

Modeling Reservoir Gas Permeability Tests for Cylindrical and Spherical Geometry

Approximate analytical models of non-stationary single and double reservoir gas permeability tests with radial flow through hollow cylindrical or hemispherical samples are developed and compared with numerical solutions of full models. The effects of compressibility and slip of gas are included. The approximate solutions are obtained assuming that the total transient mass flux is spatially homogeneous, i.e., it has constant value in direction of flow (along radius in cylindrical or spherical coordinate system). The evolutions of reservoir pressures and transient spatial distributions of pore pressure are determined and apply both for pumping and suction tests. The solutions of full model were obtained with help of the finite element method and served as references to evaluate the approximate models.