粘接双材料界面微区力学行为的细观实验分析

本文将显微光栅与显微测距技术结构起来，实现了物体表面位移场的细观测量，应用这一方法，本文定量地测量了高分子粘接结构界面及周围区域的变形的应变，实验发现界面两侧存在着一个影响区，在影响区内材料的力学性质发生了变化，本文在实验结果的基础上讨论和分析了这一变化并对界面的力学模型进行了讨论。     

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本文对界面力学若干问题的部分实验成果作一综述,主要集中于以下４个问题;（１）界面层的变形与界面力学模型;（２）异质材料界面端部的应力集中与应力奇异性;（３）界面应力缓释与功能梯度材料;（４）沿界面与垂直界面裂纹的断裂力学问题．并对今后界面力学实验研究的发展前景进行了讨论．     

纤维增强复合材料界面的力学行为

研究材料的界面和表面的力学行为与破坏机理,是当代材料科学、力学、物理学的前沿课题之一,而复合材料界面问题更有其自身的特殊性和复杂性。本文结合笔者的研究工作重点讨论了纤维复合材料界面力学的共性问题,阐述了复合材料界面的性质、复合材料界面的力学模型和理论、界面力学表征的实验研究、界面损伤破坏机理、界面对复合材料力学性能的影响等5个方面。     

界面断裂力学简介与展望

界面断裂力学是目前国际力学界的前沿研究课题.本文对这门新兴分支学科的发展背景,近期进展及未来展望作了简要介绍.主要分析了各向同性及各向异性弹性材料间的界面裂纹;界面裂纹的力学模型;界面裂纹的弹塑性场及界面裂纹的断裂观念.讨论了界面断裂力学未来热门课题。     

固体力学与材料科学交缘的几个新课题

固体力学与材料科学的交缘是当今力学学科发展的一种新趋势．先进材料的研制与发展，引发了固体力学家对丰富多采的材料的微结构变形与损伤过程进行定量力学描述的浓厚兴趣．本文综述了下列三个固体力学与材料科学交缘的新课题：①微电子材料与组件力学；②材料强韧化力学，③多相介质的界面力学．并对这一交缘学科的发展趋势进行了简要的评介与展望．     

锗硅缓冲双轴应变硅材料ε-Si/Ge_(0.3)Si_(0.7)/Ge_xSi_(1-x)/C-Si内部残余应力的显微拉曼实验分析

应变硅技术是一种被称为延续摩尔定律的技术,是集成微电子技术的热点之一。本文以锗硅缓冲双轴应变硅材料(ε-Si/Ge_(0.3)Si_(0.7)/Ge_xSi_(1-x)/C-Si)为研究对象,采用显微拉曼光谱技术,开展了该多层半导体异质结构内部残余应力的实验力学分析。这是面向多层结构残余应力与表/界面力学行为的多尺度实验力学分析,本文首先简述了该应变硅的制造工艺和超低粗糙度横截面样品的加工方法,并推导了针对锗硅合金拉曼-力学测量修正关系,进而对应变硅样品的表面和横截面进行了显微拉曼力学测量实验,给出了多层异质结构内部的残余应力分布,并以此为基础讨论了多层界面的力学行为。     

微粘结实验影响因素的边界元法分析

微粘结实验是一种新的简便的测量复合材料界面剪切强度的方法，本文运用数值方法－边界单元法，对一个实际试件进行了界面应力计算，讨论了材料常数，刀口宽度和新月尖角三种主要因素对界面应力分布可能产生的影响，从而为实验结果分析，实验方法改进和评估提供依据。     

金属冲击温度测量的理论问题——界面温度梯度对界面温度拟合的影响

像铁这样的不透明材料，其冲击温度的测量会涉及到由测量得到的样品/透明窗口界面的光辐射拟合得到界面温度。在本文中，我们借用信息理论推导得到的热辐射谱的结论，考虑到界面温度梯度对辐射影响时，初步分析金属/透明窗口界面温度的拟合方法，并就这一修正对冲击温度测量中界面温度拟合的影响进行了简单讨论。     

测量界面软铬层力学性质的纳米压入法

为了测量双层铬的界面软铬层力学性质,提出了化学腐蚀基体法,通过溶解掉基体制备没有基体支撑的自由铬层,将在横截面内线状显示的界面转化为界面表面(铬层与基体相连接的面),避免了横截面不能显示界面表面的缺点。对界面表面进行纳米压入实验和借助于表征薄膜力学性质的表面压入能量法,测得了描述界面软铬层力学性质的弹性模量和压入弹、塑性功等参数。     

界面对多相介质平均弹性性能和应力场的影响

在建立多相介质夹杂问题的自洽模型基础上，应用自洽有限元法研究了多相介质的平均弹性性能问题，通过数例讨论了在不同体分比下，界面对多相介质总体平均弹性性能的影响，结果表明，界面厚度对多相介质横向平均剪切模量和横向平均体积模量有明显的影响，而对纵向平均拉伸模量影响不大。为了进一步研究界面破坏特征，本文还分析了多相分质界面区域的应力场。     

异质双材料粘接梁的界面端部应力及端部龟裂破坏的实验应力分析

本文采用了高灵敏度的云纹干涉法对异质双材料粘接梁在弯曲载荷作用下的位移进行了测量，用局部杂交法对界面端部区域的应变和应力进行了计算。通过对该区域内的实验应力分析发现：拉应力σｘ是影响结构强度的关键因素。本文还对在基体材料表面近角点区域可能出现的龟裂破坏的原因进行了分析。     

Analytical investigation of the fluid flow in the interface region between a porous medium and a clear fluid in channels partially filled with a porous medium

In this paper analytical solutions for the steady fully developed laminar fluid flow in the parallel-plate and cylindrical channels partially filled with a porous medium and partially with a clear fluid are presented. The Brinkman-extended Darcy equation is utilized to model the flow in a porous region. The solutions account for the boundary effects and for the stress jump boundary condition at the interface recently suggested by Ochoa-Tapia and Whitaker. The dependence of the velocity on the Darcy number and on the adjustable coefficient in the stress jump boundary condition is investigated. It is shown that accounting for a jump in the shear stress at the interface essentially influences velocity profiles.     

粉砂岩峰后破坏区应力脆性跌落的试验和本构方程研究

对粉砂岩试样进行常规三轴压缩试验,得到了其在不同围压下的应力-应变全程曲线.结果表明,岩样应力-应变曲线峰前(破坏前区)部分的力学性质较为稳定,其力学行为可用经典强度理论进行描述;应力-应变曲线峰后(破坏后区)部分,岩样处于非稳定状态,其力学行为难以用经典强度理论来描述,而脆塑性模型恰好可以描述试验岩样的应力非连续变化特征.岩石的应力脆性跌落是有条件发生的,应力脆性跌落系数是围压的函数,并给出应力脆性跌落系数与围压的关系.对完整岩样而言,使用弹性-线性软化-残余塑性三线性非理想脆塑性模型可以描述岩样的本构特征,而对含有节理岩样而言,采用双线性弹性-线性软化-残余塑性四线型非理想脆塑性模型与试验更为相符.     

一致输入作用下土层的地震反应分析

假定土层为线性粘弹性介质，在频域内采用有限元法分析了均匀土层中有限土域的取值范围对计算精度的影响。在一致输入作用下，主要探讨了土层地震反应随不同侧向人工边界、迫振频率、阻尼和土层长深比的变化规律。在此基础上，得到直接有限元法进行土层地震反应分析的经验计算范围。最后对一河谷地形的土层进行地震反应分析，计算表明在进行土层地震反应分析时，采用本文土层范围取值来确定土域的计算范围可以得到满意的结果。为在应用直接有限元法进行土层地震反应计算时，确定有限土域范围提供依据。     

Influence of random uncertainties of anisotropic fibrous model parameters on arterial pressure estimation

This paper deals with a stochastic approach based on the principle of the maximum entropy to investigate the effect of the parameter random uncertainties on the arterial pressure. Motivated by a hyperelastic, anisotropic, and incompressible constitutive law with fiber families, the uncertain parameters describing the mechanical behavior are considered. Based on the available information, the probability density functions are attributed to every random variable to describe the dispersion of the model parameters. Numerous realizations are carried out, and the corresponding arterial pressure results are compared with the human non-invasive clinical data recorded over a mean cardiac cycle. Furthermore, the Monte Carlo simulations are performed, the convergence of the probabilistic model is proven. The different realizations are useful to define a reliable confidence region, in which the probability to have a realization is equal to 95%. It is shown through the obtained results that the error in the estimation of the arterial pressure can reach 35% when the estimation of the model parameters is subjected to an uncertainty ratio of 5%. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the constitutive law relevant parameters for better understanding and characterization of the arterial wall mechanical behaviors.     

Development of a PLIC-VOF method for the dynamic simulation of entry region flow in a laminar falling film

The present work describes a numerical procedure to simulate the development of hydrodynamic entry region in a gravity-driven laminar liquid film flow over an inclined plane. It provides a better insight into the physics of developing film in entry region. A novel numerical approach is proposed which has the potential to provide solutions for the complex physics of liquid film spreading on solid walls. The method employs an incompressible flow algorithm to solve the governing equations, a PLIC-VOF method to capture the free surface evolution and a continuum surface force (CSF) model to include the effect of surface tension. To account for the moving contact line on the solid substrate, a precursor film model based wall treatment is implemented. Liquid film flow has been simulated for the Reynolds number range of 5 ≤ Re ≤ 37.5, and the predicted results are found to agree well with the available analytical and experimental data.     

结构与土接触面的弹黏塑性本构模型

基于Goodman接触面单元,在Clough--Duncan双曲线关系式的基础上改进了三元件宾厄姆体,建立了结构与土接触面的弹黏塑本构模型,使用ABAQUS的FRIC子程序对该模型进行了二次开发.通过改装的应力控制式结构-土接触面剪切试验仪进行了接触面长期剪切试验,验证了该接触面本构模型.研究结果表明:结构与土接触面的弹黏塑本构模型能较好地模拟接触面的力学特性和时间效应;正应力对结构与土接触面的力学行为影响较大,正应力越大,接触面的时间效应越显著.     

An electrically conducting interface crack with a contact zone in a piezoelectric bimaterial

A plane problem for an electrically conducting interface crack in a piezoelectric bimaterial is studied. The bimaterial is polarized in the direction orthogonal to the crack faces and loaded by remote tension and shear forces and an electrical field parallel to the crack faces. All fields are assumed to be independent of the coordinate co-directed with the crack front. Using special presentations of electromechanical quantities via sectionally-analytic functions, a combined Dirichlet–Riemann and Hilbert boundary value problem is formulated and solved analytically. Explicit analytical expressions for the characteristic mechanical and electrical parameters are derived. Also, a contact zone solution is obtained as a particular case. For the determination of the contact zone length, a simple transcendental equation is derived. Stress and electric field intensity factors and, also, the contact zone length are found for various material combinations and different loadings. A significant influence of the electric field on the contact zone length, stress and electric field intensity factors is observed. Electrically permeable conditions in the crack region are considered as well and matching of different crack models has been performed.     

界面对多相介质平均弹性性能和应力场的影响

在建立多相介质夹杂问题的自治模型基础上，应用自治有限元法研究了多相介质的平均弹性性能问题，通过数例讨论了在不同体分比下，界面对多相介质总体平均弹性性能的影响，结果表明，界面厚度对多相介质横向平均剪切模量和横向平均体积模量有明显的影响，而对纵向平均拉伸模量影响不大。为了进一步研究界面破坏特征，本文还分析了多相介质界面区域的应力场。     

Vapor–Liquid Jump Conditions within a Porous Medium: Results for Mass and Energy

In this paper, we develop the mass and energy jump conditions for a vapor–liquid boundary within a porous medium. The analysis is restricted to a single fluid component and leads to the appropriate jump conditions for an evaporation front. The condition of local thermal equilibrium is assumed to exist in the homogeneous liquid and vapor regions, but not in the boundary region where rapid changes in the saturation occur.