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1.
建立统计力学模型正确描述材料微观结构与宏观力学特性之间的关系是软物质类材料的最大挑战之一,已有的橡胶材料统计模型尚存在一些不足.文章根据橡胶类材料宏观各向同性、连续均匀和不可压缩特性,结合分子链的非高斯统计模型,提出一种橡胶材料网络结构的力学特性模型.该模型将代表体元上对应点之间的传力路径用一个类螺旋管区域约束的分子链子网络来描述,螺旋管的表面随材料的宏观变形做仿射变形,分子链子网络由方向和长度随机的分子链或链段首尾链接而成,在此基础上由分子链的熵推导出描述材料宏观力学特性的本构关系.通过大量的材料测试数据对本构模型进行拟合验证,拟合结果表明该模型具有非常好的精度,并且在采用两个参数时模型具有非常高的可靠性,仅用单轴拉伸实验数据拟合模型就能准确预测全部3类实验数据.该模型使用了仿射的弯曲管假设,能从微观结构尺度上说明材料的不可压缩特性,避免了直管模型的近似性,为微观尺度的随机性和宏观的均匀性的联系提出一个新的模型.  相似文献   

2.
针对肌纤维微观结构模型与显微镜下观察的图像存在一定差异、微观组分生物力学模型无法有效捕获骨骼肌剪切变形时的力学行为、骨骼肌多尺度数值模型计算成本高的问题,本文从实验、多尺度建模和仿真的角度研究骨骼肌被动力学特性,提出以曲边泰森多边形作为肌纤维截面形状,并建立骨骼肌微观尺度代表性体元RVE;提出新的生物力学模型(MMA模型),并将MMA模型作为肌纤维和结缔组织生物力学模型,MMA模型采用完全的应变不变量I4, I5, I6和I7,使骨骼肌的剪切行为从材料属性层面得以体现;结合骨骼肌力学实验结果、RVE模型、肌纤维和结缔组织的生物力学模型,建立骨骼肌多尺度数值模型.根据实验结果确定生物力学模型参数,通过多尺度均匀化方法实现微观尺度和宏观尺度之间的连接,最终获得骨骼肌宏观力学行为,通过纵向拉伸、横向拉伸、平面外纵向剪切和平面内剪切4种变形形式的仿真结果验证骨骼肌多尺度数值模型的收敛性.研究了生物力学模型中模型参数、肌纤维体积分数和肌纤维结构对骨骼肌宏观力学行为的影响,最后通过实验验证多尺度数值模型的有效性...  相似文献   

3.
黄垲轩  丁喆  张严  李小白 《力学学报》2023,55(2):433-444
随着增材制造技术的迅速发展, 点阵结构由于其高比强度、高比刚度等优异力学性能受到广泛关注, 但其单胞分布设计大多基于均布式假设, 导致其承载能力相对较差. 基于拓扑优化技术提出了一种梯度分层的点阵结构设计方法. 首先, 基于水平集函数建立点阵单胞几何构型的显式描述模型, 引入形状插值技术实现点阵单胞的梯度构型生成; 其次, 构建基于Kriging的梯度点阵单胞宏观等效力学属性预测模型, 建立宏观有限单元密度与微观点阵单胞等效力学属性的内在联系; 然后, 以点阵结构刚度最大为优化目标, 结构材料用量和力学控制方程为约束条件, 构建点阵结构的梯度分层拓扑优化模型, 并采用OC算法进行数值求解. 算例结果表明, 所提方法可实现点阵结构的最优梯度分层设计, 充分提高了点阵结构的承载性能, 同时可保证不同梯度点阵单胞之间的几何连续性. 最后, 开展梯度分层点阵结构与传统均匀点阵结构和线性梯度点阵结构的准静态压缩仿真分析, 仿真结果表明, 与传统均匀点阵结构和线性梯度点阵结构相比, 梯度分层点阵结构的承载能力明显提高. 研究结果可为高承载点阵结构设计提供理论参考.   相似文献   

4.
研究了材料模拟中一类新型耦合多尺度的自适应有限元方法. 采用 微观分子动力学耦合宏观有限元的桥尺度方法来模拟材料破坏的前期行为,其中宏观有限元 计算推广到了一般非结构三角形网格. 材料破坏形成后,停止微观尺度的计算,它的进一步 发展和演化通过一个宏观模型来描述,采用自适应有限元方法来求解这一宏观模型. 其中, 后验误差估计的基础是变分多尺度理论,即自适应网格加密是基于粗尺度上残差分布和细尺 度上单元Green's函数. 计算中采用了破坏准则来模拟材料的断裂. 数值实验表明了 方法的有效性.  相似文献   

5.
链网模型与Si_3N_4陶瓷材料宏细观力学行为模拟   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
假定原位增强陶瓷材料中存在的众多微裂纹将基体分割成块,增强体长颗粒的桥联是块间的传力机制,提出了一种链网模型,用于模拟材料宏观力学行为与细观损伤演化,论述了模型参量与材料细观组元几何,物理参数之间的关系,给出了典型的数值模拟结果并进行了统计分析。  相似文献   

6.
肖锐  向玉海  钟旦明  曲绍兴 《力学学报》2021,53(4):1028-1037
经典熵弹性模型, 如 Neo-Hookean模型和Arruda-Boyce八链模型, 被广泛应用于预测橡胶等软材料的超弹性力学行为. 然而, 大量实验结果也显示仅采用一套模型参数, 这类模型不能同时准确地描述橡胶在多种加载模式下的应力响应. 为了克服上述模型的不足, 本文在熵弹性的模型基础上引入缠结约束效应. 微观上, 采用Langevin统计模型来表征熵弹性变形自由能, 通过管模型(tube model)引入缠结约束自由能, 并基于仿射假设, 建立微观变形与宏观变形之间的映射关系. 在宏观上, 所建立的超弹性模型的Helmholtz自由能同时包含熵弹性和缠结约束两部分, 其中熵弹性自由能与经典的Arruda-Boyce八链模型一致, 依赖于柯西-格林应变张量的第一不变量, 而缠结约束自由能依赖于柯西-格林应变张量的第二不变量. 与文献中的实验结果对比发现, 该三参数模型能准确地预测实验中所测得的橡胶材料在单轴拉伸、纯剪切和等双轴拉伸变形条件下的应力响应, 也能较好地描述不同预拉伸比条件下双轴拉伸实验结果. 最后, 本文比较了所建立的基于应变不变量的缠结约束模型与文献中相关的缠结约束模型在多种加载模式下自由能的异同. 总的来说, 本文所建立的本构理论能准确模拟橡胶等软材料的大变形力学行为, 对其工程应用有促进作用.   相似文献   

7.
假定原位增强陶瓷材料中存在的众多微裂纹将基体分割成块,增强体长颗粒的桥联是块间的传力机制,提出了一种链网模型,用于模拟材料宏观力学行为与细观损伤演化.论述了模型参量与材料细观组元几何,物理参数之间的关系,给出了典型的数值模拟结果并进行了统计分析  相似文献   

8.
含天然气水合物土微观力学特性研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
天然气水合物作为一种资源储量大、分布范围广、能量密度高的清洁能源, 受到了国内外的广泛关注, 竞相研究安全高效、持续可控的开采方法. 充分掌握含天然气水合物土的力学特性并厘清其在开采过程中的动态演化规律, 是实现天然气水合物资源产业化开发的重要前提. 含天然气水合物土的力学响应行为本质上是其内部结构演化的宏观反映, 相关的微观力学特性研究对于深化含天然气水合物土力学特性认识具有重要的意义. 本文从天然气水合物晶体、天然气水合物与土颗粒界面、含天然气水合物土3个尺度对含天然气水合物土微观力学特性的研究现状进行了总结, 系统归纳了天然气水合物的晶体结构类型及天然气水合物的孔隙微观赋存模式; 重点介绍了计算机断层扫描、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射及原子力显微镜等微观测试技术原理与特点; 简述了与计算机断层扫描联用的三轴剪切实验、颗粒流程序模拟及分子动力学模拟在天然气水合物微观力学特性研究方面的最新进展; 综合现有研究结果对含天然气水合物土内颗粒界面剪切机理及微观力学理论模型进行了概述分析; 最后探讨了含天然气水合物土微观力学研究目前仍存在的不足与挑战, 并给出了针对性的建议以期促进含天然气水合物土的力学特性研究发展.   相似文献   

9.
研究混凝土结构在冲击载荷下的力学特性对武器以及防护结构的设计和评估具有重要意义,而合适的材料模型可以更准确地预测混凝土结构的力学行为和破坏模式。因此,本文中提出了一种改进的混凝土塑性损伤材料模型来描述其在冲击载荷下的力学响应。该改进模型考虑了压力-体积应变关系、应变率效应、洛德角效应和塑性损伤累积对混凝土材料力学特性的影响,并引入了一个与损伤相关的硬化/软化函数来描述压缩状态下的应变硬化和软化行为。随后,通过对3个独立的强度面进行线性插值得到了该改进模型的破坏强度面,并采用部分关联流动法则考虑了混凝土材料的体积膨胀特性。最后,开展了单个单元在不同加载条件下和弹体贯穿钢筋混凝土靶的数值模拟,验证了该改进模型的可行性、准确性以及预测性能提升。  相似文献   

10.
应用格形模型和统计方法分析两相材料宏观等效力学性质   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
采用格形模型和统计方法分析了三维两相材料的宏观等效力学性质。首先建立了两相非均匀材料的力学模型和相应的格形有限元分析.在后利用该方法针对六种两相材料模型,分别分析了材料体积比、不同空间分布和材料物理性质分布对两相材料宏观力学性质的影响。由于使用了三维非均匀模型和自适应载荷步长的加载技术,该方法可以较好地模拟材料在准静态加载条件下的破坏全过程,所得结果可以为颗粒(或短纤维)增强复合材料的力学性质及其设计提供参考依据。  相似文献   

11.
Only two macroscopic parameters are needed to describe the mechanical properties of linear elastic solids, i.e. the Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus. Correspondingly, there should be two microscopic parameters to determine the mechanical properties of material if the macroscopic mechanical properties of linear elastic solids are derived from the microscopic level. Enlightened by this idea, a multiscale mechanical model for material, the virtual multi-dimensional internal bonds (VMIB) model, is proposed by incorporating a shear bond into the virtual internal bond (VIB) model. By this modification, the VMIB model associates the macro mechanical properties of material with the microscopic mechanical properties of discrete structure and the corresponding relationship between micro and macro parameters is derived. The tensor quality of the energy density function, which contains coordinate vector, is mathematically proved. Prom the point of view of VMIB, the macroscopic nonlinear behaviors of material could be attributed to the evolution of virtual bond distribution density induced by the imposed deformation. With this theoretical hypothesis, as an application example, a uniaxial compressive failure of brittle material is simulated. Good agreement between the experimental results and the simulated ones is found.  相似文献   

12.
The rheological nature of paper or board is usually treated either as elasto-plastic or as viscoelastic depending on the studied paper making process or behavior in converting and end use. In this paper we study several stress–strain curve models and the determination of material parameters from an elasto-plastic point of view. Finally, a suitable approach for all stress–strain curves measured from 180 strips is constructed using a linear function for an elastic region and a nonlinear function for a strain hardening region. This model determines a proportional limit (elastic limit) and gives fairly elegant dependencies between material/fitting parameters and two important factors of mechanical properties of paper: dry solids content and anisotropy. In this paper the dependency of a plastic strain on dry solids content and anisotropy is estimated using the introduced stress–strain curve model. Correspondingly, the model can be used to estimate many other mechanical behaviors, for example, the tension differences arising from non-uniform moisture content of the paper web profile. However, the main target of this study is to produce competent parameters based on modeled stress–strain curves for further construction of a material model. This elasto-plastic material model will be utilized in out-of-plane deformation and fracture models.  相似文献   

13.
The objective of this article is to derive a macroscopic Darcy’s law for a fluid-saturated moving porous medium whose matrix is composed of two solid phases which are not in direct contact with each other (weakly coupled solid phases). An example of this composite medium is the case of a solid matrix, unfrozen water, and an ice matrix within the pore space. The macroscopic equations for this type of saturated porous material are obtained using two-space homogenization techniques from microscopic periodic structures. The pore size is assumed to be small compared to the macroscopic scale under consideration. At the microscopic scale the two weakly coupled solids are described by the linear elastic equations, and the fluid by the linearized Navier–Stokes equations with appropriate boundary conditions at the solid–fluid interfaces. The derived Darcy’s law contains three permeability tensors whose properties are analyzed. Also, a formal relation with a previous macroscopic fluid flow equation obtained using a phenomenological approach is given. Moreover, a constructive proof of the existence of the three permeability tensors allows for their explicit computation employing finite elements or analogous numerical procedures.  相似文献   

14.
Higher order gradient continuum theories have often been proposed as models for solids that exhibit localization of deformation (in the form of shear bands) at sufficiently high levels of strain. These models incorporate a length scale for the localized deformation zone and are either postulated or justified from micromechanical considerations. Of interest here is the consistent derivation of such models from a given microstructure and the subsequent comparison of the solution to a boundary value problem using both the exact microscopic model and the corresponding approximate higher order gradient macroscopic model.In the interest of simplicity the microscopic model is a discrete periodic nonlinear elastic structure. The corresponding macroscopic model derived from it is a continuum model involving higher order gradients in the displacements. Attention is focused on the simplest such model, namely the one whose energy density involves only the second order gradient of the displacement. The discrete to continuum comparisons are done for a boundary value problem involving two different types of macroscopic material behavior. In addition the issues of stability and imperfection sensitivity of the solutions are also investigated.  相似文献   

15.
16.
A modelling strategy is proposed to link the meso-scale mechanical response of a solid material to the macroscopic material behaviour. The model is based on a regular lattice of truncated octahedral cells, with sites at the cell centres linked by two sets of bonds. The relationship between the macroscopic elastic behaviour of the model and the elastic properties of the bonds is studied numerically. The results demonstrate that, in contrast to previously proposed lattice arrangements, any elastic properties of metallic or cementitious materials can be obtained by appropriate selection of the axial and the shear stiffness of the bonds. Discussion of the modelling approach includes the potential of the site-bond model to simulate the evolution of damage driven not only by mechanical deformation but also by processes that involve the interaction of different mechanisms.  相似文献   

17.
This paper presents a macroscopic mechanical theory for ceramic-like materials undergoing isothermal deformations. The proposed model describes an elastic brittle material which is damageable only under tensile loading. The damage lowers the elastic stiffness in traction simulating hence the softening and the fracture (zero stillness) of the material. The basic idea is to consider the continuum as a mixture of two phases—a linear elastic phase and a masonry phase (which shows a linear elastic behavior under compression but cannot hold tractive loads at all). The damage is then related to the volume fraction β of the clastic constituent. The constitutive relations are derived from macroscopic thermodynamics with the volume fraction β and its gradient β taken as state variables.  相似文献   

18.
材料的力学性能,尤其是在有限变形下所呈现的宏观各向异性,是材料结构设计和服役寿命考虑的关键因素。由于宏观模型不能较好地反映材料微观结构(晶粒的形貌和取向等)对宏观塑性各向异性的影响,因此,本文建立了能实际反映晶粒形貌的三维Voronoi模型,并基于晶体塑性理论对铝合金在有限变形下的响应进行计算。首先,建立反映材料微结构的代表性体积单元RVE模型进行计算,并与实验结果进行对比验证。然后,以单向拉伸为例,分析了有限变形过程中试件的晶粒形貌和取向分布等微观因素对宏观各向异性演化的影响,并从材料和结构两个层面讨论了微观结构对宏观力学性能的影响。结果表明,本文模型能够反映微观结构对宏观力学性能的影响,为实际生产制造领域构件的力学性能提供可靠的预测。  相似文献   

19.
含正交排列夹杂和缺陷材料的等效弹性模量和损伤   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
赵爱红  虞吉林 《力学学报》1999,31(4):475-483
研究含正交排列夹杂和缺陷材料的等效弹性模量和损伤,推导了以Eshelby-Mori-Tanaka方法求解多相各向异性复合材料等效弹性模量的简便计算公式,针对含三相正交椭球状夹杂的正交各向异性材料,得到了由细观参量(夹杂的形状、方位和体积分数)表示的等效弹性模量的解析表达式.在此基础上,提出了一个宏细观结合的正交各向异性损伤模型,从而建立了以细观量为参量的含损伤材料的应力应变关系.最后,对影响材料损伤的细观结构参数进行了分析.  相似文献   

20.
We develop a model of an incompressible material which microscopic structure is formed by flexible but incompressible balls connected mutually by linear springs. The model is motivated by the structure of smooth muscle tissues that exhibit perfect elastic (or visco-elastic) behavior in a large extent of deformations. Moreover, their bulk (macroscopic) stiffness may be very effectively controlled and changed from very low values to essentially higher ones by simply defined structural changes inside individual muscle cells. In the continuum limit, the “balls and springs” model gives a nontrivial, highly nonlinear hyperelastic material. The stored strain energy function has generally no analytical expression. However, we find an approximate analytic formula, that is suitable for describing certain mechanical effects coming from the special arrangement of smooth muscle cells.  相似文献   

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